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Kentucky State Historical

Society,

FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY.

SUBSCRIPTION, PER YEAR, $1.00.
SINGLE COPIES, 25c.

LOUI8YILLB :
QBO. O. FETTKR PRINTING CO.

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Subscriptions must be sent bp check or money order. JfU
communications for the register should be addressed to MRS.
JENNIE C. MORTON, Secretary and Treasurer, Kentucky
State Historical Society, Frankfort, Ky.

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON, Editor.
GEN> FAYETTE HEWITT, \ A

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Contents.

1. Daniel Boone, his Genealogy and History
aa a Colonial Officer. Soldier and Officer
In the Revolutionary War, Legislator,
Pioneer and Pathfinder, Commandant
and Judge Advocate under the Spanish
Government In Missouri, with Portrait
and Boone Coat of Arms.

By Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

2. The Second Railroad in thft United

States. 1833, from Frankfort to I^exlng -
ton, Ky., with illustrations of the coach
and photograph of Dr. D. M. Foster, be-
lieved to be the only survivor of the
men who projected and hullt this road,
and his letter concerning It.

By Capt. Ed. Porter Thompson.

3. Address by Hon. Jno. A. Steele, Vice-
President, before the Kentucky State
Hlatorical Society. February 11. 1899.

4. Letter of Gen. Ben I^ogan to Gov. Isaac
Shelby. 1793. in regard to safeguards
against the Indians, published for the
first time.

5. Paragraphs.

fi. Fort. H»l.

7. Reunion of the historic Alvee family in
Henderson, Ky., September, 1901. Three
hundred descendants present.

8. Department of Genealogy.

9. Averill. by Dr. W. H. Averlll.

10. Bibb, by C. P. Cooter and Miss Pattie
Burnley.

11. Crockett, with letters of Col. Anthony
Crockett, an officer In the Revolutionary
War inclusive, by courtesy of Mrs. Fan-
nie Crockett Frazier.

12. Counties of Kentucky and Origin of th<3lr

Names, by courtesy of Geographer of the
Smithsonian.

13. Gov. J. C. W. Beckham and his cabinet

14. Officers of the Kentucky State Histori -
cal Society.

OFFICERS

OF THE

Kentucky Sfcabe Historical Society.

GOVERNOR J. C. W. BECKHAM
GENERAL FAYETTE HEWITT.

W. W. LONGMOOR

MISS SALLIE JACKSON

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON

President

First Vice-President

Second Vice-President

Third Vice-President

Secretary and Treasurer

OFFICERS

AT THE HEAD OFl THE 8TATE GOVERNMENT OF KENTUCKY.

J. C. W. Beckham, Governor, Frankfort.
Hon. Lillard Carter, Lieutenant Governor, Frankfort.
Hon. Gus. Coulter, Auditor, Frankfort.
Hon. S. W. Hager, Treasurer, Frankfort.
C. B. Hill, Secretary of State, Frankfort.

OFFICIAL STATE BOARD.

J. C. W. Beckham, Governor.

C. B. Hill, Secretary of State.

Hon. Gus. Coulter, Auditor.

S. W. Hager, Treasurer.

Clifton J. Pratt, Attorney-Genet al.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
OF THE KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

General Fayette Hewitt, Chairman.

Miss Sallie Jackson, Vice-President, Mrs. Loula B. Longmoor,

Judge J. P. Hobson,

Hon. Gus. Coulter,

Mrs. Annie H. Miles,
Mrs. Mary D. Aldridge,
Walter Chapman, Alt.,
Dr. E. H. Hume,

Mrs. Mollie J. Dudley,
Miss Eliza Overton,
Attorney-General Pratt,
W. W. Longmoor, Alt.

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BOARD OF CURATORS

OP THE

KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Frank Kavanaugh Frankfort

Miss Halue Hern don Frankfort

Dr. W. H. Avbrill Frankfort

Miss Eliza Overton Frankfort

Mrs. Alex. Duvall Bowling Green

Mrs. Susan Hart Shelby Lexington

Judge H. C. Howard Paris

Dr. H. C. Smith Cynthiana

Mr. Ed. 0. Leigh Paducah

Hon. Gaston M. Alves Henderson

Miss Christine Bradley Lancaster

M. W. Neal, Editor Farmers Home Journal Louisville

Hunter Wood, Editor New Era Hopkinsville

W. A. Holland, Editor The Constitutionalist Eminence

Miss Addie Coulter Mayfield

Urey Woodson Owensboro

M. B. Swinford Cynthiana

The Duty of Curators I* to collect historical relics
and memorials of the men and women of Kentucky
who hare made tho State famous, and send them
to Kentucky State Historical Society.

ADVISORY BOARD

Or THf

KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Governor J. C. W. Beckham Frankfort

Hon. Gus. Coulter Mayfield

Hon. S. W. Hager Ashland

Attorney-General Pratt Madisonville

Senator James B. McCreary Richmond

Hon. Logan C. Murray Louisville

Hon. Henry Watterson Louisville

Col. R. T. Durrett Louisville

Mrs. Thos. Rodman, Jr Mt. Sterling

Miss Mary Bryan Lexington

Miss Lillia Towles Henderson

Miss Ora Leigh Paducah

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ORDER OF BUSINESS

1. MEETING CALLED TO ORDER BY PRESIDING OFFICERS.

2. READING 'OF REPORTS, IF ANY, BY THE SECRETARY.

3. ELECTION OF OFFICERS, WHEN NECESSARY.

4. ANY ADVICE FROM ADVISORY BOARD.
6. REPORT FROM BOARD OF CURATORS.

6. WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRING ACTION BY

THE SOCIETY, OR EXECUTIVE SOCIETY IN SESSION.

7. NOTICE OF MEETINGS.

8. UNFINISHED BUSINESS.

9. TREASURER'S REPORT.

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DANIEL BOONE. (In his old age.i

Prom an oil painting by OhtMttiV Harding, owned by Cot R. T. Dnrrett, of Louisville, Ky.

Genealogy and his History as a Colonial Officer, a Revolutionary Soldier, Pioneer. Path-
finder and Legislator in Kentucky, and later on a Commandant and Judge Advocate, under
the Spanish Government in Missouri, 180O-1803.

Google

A JVeto Light on Daniel Boone's Ancestry.

By Mrs. Jonnlo C. Morton.

Daniel Boone, in whose honor the
Kentucky State Historical Society
was founded, with world-known name,
made immortal by his brave and
splendid heroism as warrior and pi-
oneer, would seem to need no further
history. By some regarded as an un-
tutored, sclf-inade Ingomar of Ken-
tucky's romantic discovery and settle-
ment, a barbarian of matchless cour-
age and natural intelligence — raised
up in the forest to meet and combat
and conquer the brutal Indians, it may
seem ruthless in the writer to dis-
illusion the American youth by the sub
joined facts of the genealogy and his-
tory of Daniel Boone's ancestry and
career. Recent investigation into the
origin of the name and its people dis-
closes this record — they were from
Normandy, and the Norman name was
Bohun. The translation from the
original nomenclature runs thus: Bo-
hun, Bon, Boone.

The distinguished surgeon of Dr.
Koch's Sanitarium, New York City,
Dr. B. N. Mayfleld, himself a descend-
ant of George Boone III., as he is
styled in history, in a letter of July
11, 1902, writes:

"It may interest you to know that
the first family of Bohuns were Nor-
mans. They settled in Lincolnshire,
Eng. Later, one family settled in
Devonshire — the one the American
Boones descended from. The 'Coat of
Arms' was used by the Bohuns in the
fourteenth century. The name Bo-
hun (Boone) does not appear in the
same document until the middle of

the sixteenth century. I do not know
what motto the family adopted for
the 'coat of arms,' if any," etc.

We use this letter and the infor-
mation in regard to the "coat of
arms," a copy of which is in the wri-
ter's possession, simply to emphasize
the truth of a popular axiom in Ken-
tucky, viz.: "Blood will tell." Daniel
Boone does not need for his name the
heraldic decoration of a coat of
arms, nor ribbons, nor crests, nor
insignias of rank, nor does any Amer-
ican, but he did require, and did have,
the brave blood and the intrepid spir-
it of the knightly Norman, with
which he awed savages and held spell-
bound with admiration hiB titled
British enemies in war. He was born
to command, to discover, to protect,
and, under Providence, to guide to
victory "a handful, over a thousand
men." He was gentle as he was fear-
less, as noble as he was kind and
honest, and as indifferent to worldly
glory of titles and trappings as the
eagle that bathes its face in the heart
of the sun, or the lion that lies down
to rest in the jungles of the tropics
or stands unabashed and unafraid on
some fearfully sublime peak of the
Rockies. His unsurpassed courage
had the birthmark of the conquering
Norman and the eager, unfettered
spirit of the on-moving Saxon.

Reading the history of the Boones
of Devonshire and of Exeter. England,
we find them respectable Quakers —
people of property and education.
They were, in some of the old writ-

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ings of the day, styled the "Boone
Georges," the head of the house be-
ing named George through many gen-
erations^ A record, taken by Dr. J.
D. Bryan from the books of the "So-
ciety of Friends," near Philadelphia,
Pa., runs thus:

"George Boone 1st, Exeter, Eng-
land.

"George Boone 2d, died 60 years of
age. Married to Sarah Uppey. She
died aged 80 years.

"George Boone 3d, born 1666 at Ex-
eter, England; married to Mary
Mangridge there. Emigrated to
America 10th October, 1717, and set-
tled at Exeter township, on the
Schuylkill river, with his family."

"Of this George Boone, great grand
father of Daniel Boone, it is written
in the Pennsylvania genealogy of the
Boones, by James Boone, grandson of
this said George Boone 3d and Mary
his wife:

" 'George Boone died on the 6th day
of the week, near eight of the clock,
in the morning, on the 27th of July,
1744, aged 78 years. And Mary, his
wife, died on the 2d day of the week,
on the 2d of February, 1740, aged 72
years, and they were decently interred
in the Friends' Burrying Ground in
the said township of Exeter, Pa.
They left eight children, 52 grandehil
dren and ten great grandchildren, in
all 70 (descendants), being as many
persons as the house of Jacob, which
came from Egypt/

"George Boone 4th married to De-
borah nowell, 1713. He was born in
Bradwick, England, 1690. Of this
George Boone 4th, the grandfather of
Daniel Boone, it is written in the
Gwyneld Friends' meeting house rec-
ords: 'George Boone produced cer-
tificate from Bradwick, in Devonshire,
Great Britain, of his orderly and good
conversation while he lived there,'
which was read and accepted.

Of this George it is written: "He
taught school for several years near
Philadelphia, was a good mathema-
tician, and taught the several
branches of English learning, and was
a magistrate (justice of the peace) for
several years. He died in Exeter
township 20th of November, 1753. De-
borah Howell, his wife, died January
26th, 1759. Their children were:
George Boone (never married), Sarah
Boone, Squire Boone, Mary Boone,
Joseph Boone, Benjamin Boone, Sam-
uel Boone, the youngest son."

The marriage of Squire Boone and
Sarah Morgan, his wife, is thus re-
corded: "Squire Boone, son of George
Boone of Phila. Co., yeoman, married
to Sarah, daughter of Edward Mor-
gan, of same county, at Gwyneld Meet-
ing House, 7-13-1720. Witnesses:
George, Edward and Elizabeth Mor-
gan; George and James Boone; Wil-
liam, John and Daniel Morgan, and
31 others."

"The children of Squire Boone and
Sarah Morgan, his wife were: Israel,
Sarah, Samuel, Jonathan, Elizabeth,
Daniel, Mary, George and Edward. It
is said there were three other chil-
dren — Nathan, Squire and Hannah
Why they were omitted from this rec-
ord I have not been able to learn."
Letter of J. D. Bryan.

It is with Daniel Boone as Revolu-
tionary soldier, path-finder, pioneer,
legislator in Kentucky and, later on,
as Commandant and Judge Advocate
under the Spanish Government in Mis-
souri, the interest lies in this sketch,
and, having given his genealogy, we
pass on, leaving for another time a
more complete record of the Boones.

Daniel Boone was born in Berks
county, Pa., and not in Maryland, as
is stated in Marshall's History of Ken-
tucky; and in 1734, and not in 1746
as Marshall writes. Says Dr. Bryan
again: "The want of a knowledge of

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the territory involved, and dates of
organizing these counties (Philadel-
phia, Lancaster, Berks and Bucks),
is, no doubt, the reason which has
led to so much confusion as to his
birthplace. Thus, while Daniel Boone
was born in Exeter township, east
side of the Schuylkill river, Philadel-
phia county, he lived in Berks county,
which was taken from Philadelphia
county, though he did not move from
said county. Squire Boone and his
family left Exeter (now Berks coun-
ty) on the first day of May, 1750, and
moved to North Carolina. He set-
tled on the Yadkin river, at Alleman's
Ford, also called Boone's Ford. This
was in the same community where
Morgan Bryan then lived. Had been
there about two years when Squire
Boone came from Pennsylvania and
settled near him, on the forks of the
Yadkin river. Here Daniel Boone met
Rebecca Bryan, the daughter of Mor-
gan Bryan. They were married in
the year 1755, as was also her brother-
William Bryan, married to Mary
Boone, the sister of Daniel Boone, th«i
same year."

The career of Daniel Boone from
this time is familiar to the school
children of America, who have the
stories of the pioneers during the
Revolution. It reads like a romance
of some ideal of a pioneer and discov-
erer, and yet is beyond this in facts.
From boyhood he loved the forests.
He delighted to chase the wild deer
and the antelope, and to sit upon re-
mote mountain heights, and in the
sublime solitude of nature commune
with her in her silent temples and
leaf-covered shrines. He was not a
student, nor was he ignorant of
books. He used his bright, deep blue
eyes and his ears to see and to hear
what was most beautiful and sublime
in Nature, and listen with attentive
heart to music that enchants or noise

that startles, or whisperings that in-
terpreted themselves alone to him
for pleasure or for warning. This
much we learn from his remarkable
autobiography, written by Filson at
Daniel Boone's dictation.

Says Marshall, in his History of
Kentucky, vol. 1, pages 17 and 18:
"Accustomed to be much alone, he ac-
quired the habit of contemplation and
of self-possession. His mind was not
of the most ardent nature, nor does
he ever seem to have sought knowl-
edge through the medium of books.
Naturally his sagacity was consider-
able, and as a woodsman he was soon
expert, and ultimately super-eminent.
Far from ferocity, his temper was
mild, humane and charitable; his man-
ners gentle, his address conciliating,
his heart open to friendship and hos-
pitality; yet his most remarkable
quality was an enduring and unshak-
able fortitude."

As Daniel Boone was living when
this description was written, and as
he was known to the historian per-
sonally, we quote again from him the
following: "Daniel Boone, yet living,
is unknown to his full fame. From
the country of his choice (and his dis-
covery) and of his fondest predilec-
tion he has been banished by difficul-
ties he knew not how to surmounr,
and is now a resident of the Missouri,
a Spanish territory. Nor will the
lapse of time, in which fancy often
finds her store-house of materials for
biography, much less the rigid rules
of modern history, permit the aid of
imagination to magnify his name with
brilliant epithets, or otherwise adorn
a narrative of simple facts."

Presto! The historian was a
prophet; Daniel Boone has transcend-
ed in fame every American but Wash-
ington. The pathos of his singular
life of peril and adventure is beyond
the flight of poet's fancy or novelist's

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conception to describe or illustrate.
Oratory has been taxed for a hundred
years to pay tribute to his sublime
courage and fortitude; history has
adorned her pages with accounts of
his adventures as a Revolutionary sol-
dier and his discoveries in the wilder-
ness of Kentucky; his wars with the
Indians; his capture and imprison-
ment; his gallantry and heroism; his
Christian fortitude under the loss of
his darling sons and brothers and the
ingratitude and treachery of those ne
had defended and protected with his
life. At last the loss of the home he
had purchased with his life-blood, and
the lands he had settled in the State,
his bravery and sagacity had held for
the unpatriotic but educated states-
men who followed his trail and advan-
taged themselves by his want of
knowledge of the Kentucky laws and
deceptive technicalities. But honors
were lavished upon him. By Lord
Dunmore, the last Colonial Governor
of Virginia, he was commissioned
colonel, and many important trusts
were confided to him as a surveyor
and guide. He was a member of the
first Legislature ever convened in the
Territory of Kentucky. HiB judgment
was appealed to in matters of common
law and honesty, and he was supreme
in command of woodcraft and path-
finding in the wilderness.

In a review in the Courier-Journal
of the late Prof. Ranek's "History of
Boonesborough," we find the follow-
ing in regard to the Transylvania
Company: "The two men who stand
out most conspicuously in this great
movement are Richard Henderson,
who organized the Transylvania Com-
pany, and Daniel Boone, who blazed
the way for its planting upon Ken-
tucky soil. Daniel Boone was sent
forward to mark the route and to se-
lect the seat of Government on the
south bank of the Kentucky river,

which he did, making the location at
the mouth of Otter creek, in the pres-
ent county of Madison, about twelve
miles north of Richmond. The site
was first known as Boone's Ford, and
afterward as Boonesborough. Here
a government was formed, with Hen-
derson for Governor. In May, 1775,
a Legislature assembled, and in the
Journal before us, which reads thus:

'Journal of the Proceedings
of the

House of Delegates or Representatives
of the Colony of Transylvania. Be-
gun on Tuesday, 23d of May, in the
year of our Lord Christ 1775, and in
the 15th year of the reign of His Maj-
esty, King of Great Britain.' We
find first among the names of those
present, Daniel Boone and his brother,
Squire Boone."

Says the reviewer quoted above:
"History records few such incidents
as the assembling of this body in the
primeval forests, 500 miles away from
any similar organization. Although
the grant (to the Henderson Company)
was annulled by the Governments of
Virginia and South Carolina, and the
life of Transylvania was limited to
little more than a year, the influence
of such an organization under the
forms of law, and of the educated men
who directed it, can not be over-
looked" in Revolutionary times. It
was the key to the possession of the
rich territory of Kentucky, and no
history can record more thrilling ex-
periences of danger and difficulty than
those Daniel Boone and his little band
of pioneers encountered in their brave
determination to hold the fair land
they had founded. It was then that
the pioneers found in Daniel Boone
'a safe guide and wise counsellor in
every emergency, for his judgment
and penetration were proverbially cor-

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rect.' Though not a Joshua in might
or mind, yet, like one inspired, was
his utter fearlessness, his disregard
of personal danger and his noble
self-sacrifice, as evidenced in his ter-
rible journey after his escape from
the Indians, to save Boonesborough.
He was 160 miles from the doomed
fort, but when he saw four hundred
and fifty Indian warriors in their
fiendish paint and feathers, armed and
ready to march upon the fort, so whol-
ly unprepared for attack or battle,
he resolved upon escape to warn and
to save, if possible, his doomed com-
rades and friends. With one meal of
corn in his pocket, he stole away from
his brutal captors, and for five days,
without rest by day or night, he pur-
sued his pathless way through the
forests to Kentucky. He found the
fort as he had feared — wholly unpre-
pared for the savages. He began im-
mediate preparations for defense.
With the tragic events of this noted
siege at Boonesborough, in the fall of
1778, every reader of American his-
tory during the Revolution is now ac-
quainted. The pioneers' successful re-
sistance, on the very verge of starva-
tion, of the assaults of the infuriated
Indians under Duquesne for nine
days reads like a miracle. The result
was a blood-bought victory that even-
tually insured the safety of the fort,
and not only that, but it sealed the
fate of the British army in Kentucky.
It is said, 'Had Boonesborough sur-
rendered, the Indians and British
would have rushed through the for-
ests of Kentucky unobstructed, to the
rear of the army of the Colonists in
Virginia and the East, and it is easy
to conjecture the result at that time.
The poor, discouraged, half-beaten and
half-starved Army of the Revolution
could not have contended with a vic-
torious foe, flushed with success and
booty.' So we may regard Boones-

boro, with Daniel Boone for its inspir-
ing captain in defense, as the salva
tion of the Revolutionary army in that
year, and a factor in its conquest over
the army of Great Britain shortly
after. He was, after the siege of
Boonesboro, commissioned "Captain
Boone", and later on received a com-
mission as "Major Boone" in the ser-
vice of the Colonists, or the Revolu-
tionary War, as we now call it." Page
114, Life of Boone, by Ellis.

He was notably careless of ever ac-
cumulating fortune in lands or lease.
After he left Kentucky, his fame at-
tracted Spain to his side, and he went
to Missouri. Don Carlos D. Delassus,
Lieutenant-governor for Spain, situ-
ated at St. Louis, visited him and pre-
sented him with a commission in 1800
as Commandant of the Femme Osage
District, an office which included both
civil and military duties and honors.
Boone discharged the duties of the
office, as Commandant and Judge Ad-
vocate, with great credit, up to the
time when the Territory of Missouri
was purchased from Spain by the
United States, in 1803, when his of-
fice expired. He then retired to his
comfortable stone house, built upon a
handsome farm in the Femme Osage
region, and lived a quiet life of inde-
pendent ease, enjoying the society of
the most learned and distinguished
men of that time, who sought to know
this nimrod of their century. It was
thought he had fought his last battle,
but in the War of 1812-15 the old fire
of patriotism in his veins impelled him
to accept command of the Femme
Osage fort. With quenchless courage
of other days, he defeated the Indians
again, and drove them beyond the
Mississippi river. This last feat
closed his public career. His wife,
Rebecca Bryan Boone, had died in the
fall of 1812, and he no longer lived in
his own home. She was born in North

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Carolina in 1736, and since their mar-
riage in June, 1755, she had been a
devoted wife and helpmate to the
great hunter. Had reared a large fam-
ily of children, and not only her own,
but the children of her widowed bro-
ther, James Bryan. She had borne
with brave heart the dangers and
strange vicissitudes of her husband's
life, for which his tardy honors
seemed a poor compensation. In
sweet and unbroken faith of a better
life in the Better Land, she fell asleep.
She was buried with unusual cere-
monies of love and honor in the neigh-
borhood of her home in the Fein me
Osage District. Daniel Boone went
to live with his son, Nathan Boone,
but later on made his home with his
daughter and son-in-law, Flanders Cal-
loway. While here, Chester Harding,
the celebrated New England artist of
that day, visited him for the purpose
of painting a portrait of him. Al-
though he was now very feeble, be-
ing more than eighty years of age,
Daniel Boone consented to a sitting,
much to the delight of the artist. A
copy of this portrait hangs in the
rooms of the Kentucky State Histor-
ical Society, and is of the same that
adorns the first page of this maga-
zine.

In his declining years, we are told
by a great grand-nephew (who had
heard the story from his grandfather,
Elijah Bryan), Daniel Boone spent
his idle hours carving, with his knife,
little souvenirs for his family and
friends. On all he would cut his ini-
tials or his full name. He gave to his
rifles names, it is said, and one of these
is in the Historical Society of Mis-
soure, another in the family of a sou-
in-law in that State, and still another,
carved by his own hand, is in the Ken-
tucky State Historical Society.

In September, of 1820, the famous
pioneer was taken ill. and died on the

26th, aged eighty-six years. When his
death was announced, the Legislature
of Missouri was in session, and ad
journed in his honor. His funeral
was the largest that had ever been
known in the West. He was lament-
ed by his family, as a beloved and
honored citizen, a kind father and
friend, and by the State as the most
famous pioneer in the world. He was
buried beside his wife in the wild-
wood gravevard of the vallev of their
home in Missouri. There they slept
in perfect peace until 1845, when, on
the 13th of September, their remains
were re-interred in the cemetery at
Frankfort, Ky., with the grandest pro-
cession and most honoring ceremonies
that ever attested the admiration of
the world for a renowned hero and
his wife. We have in our Historical
Society a program of that occasion.
It reads thus:

'"Boone
Frocession Order.

"It is requested that all business
be suspended, and that all persons
unite and strictly observe the follow-
ing order of procession for the re
interment of the remains of the great
pioneers of the West, Daniel Boone
and his wife, in the Frankfort ceme-
tery grounds, on Saturday, the 13th
instant." (13th of September, 1845.)

In I860, the Legislature of Ken-
tucky directed a monument to b.i
erected over Daniel and Rebecca
Boone, and in 1862 this monument w«Ts
completed and erected over their
graves by the State of Kentucky
In 1868, the attention of tr
lature was called to this mo.
In Collins' History of Kentucky, i
187, vol. 1, we read the Legislatu.
ordered "the monument over Danie*
Boone (which had been defaced by

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::eqister of Kentucky state historical society.

Federal soldiers during the war) to
be repaired." If this order was ever
obeyed, there is no record of it, and
certainly no evidence of the repair is
there. The chapter of the D. A. R.,
of Newport, Ky., has undertaken the
praiseworthy work of restoring the
monument, through subscriptions of
the public schools of Kentucky, and
their own patriotic endeavors have
supplemented the fund for this pur-
pose.

Since every part of the civilized
globe has heard the name of Daniel
Boone, and bibliographies have com-
piled the names of the histories writ-
ten of him, and marbled urns and mon-
uments raised to his memory, we see
how our great bard, O'Hara, could say
of him—

"An empire is his sepulchre;
His epitaph, his fame."

ERRATA.

lb- chap. 1st, Boone Ancestry, of the Register page 12, should
V O—rge Boone III grandfather of Daniel Boone, and father of
•>e, and Geo. Boone IV.

Boone Wills, in Pennsylrania Records.
Hiuren of Geo. Boone III.

tfeorg* (IV) Sarah. Squire. Mary, John, Joseph, Benjamin,
•mea and Samuel.

Note.— Not reoelTed by the author In time for the first issue of
the Registers— hence added here.

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Kentucky's First Railroad, Which Was the First One
West of the Alleghany Mountains.

The first official step in tin* great
movement to build and operate rail-
roads, having cars drawn by engines,
was an Act of the British Parliament
in 1821 for the construction of th •
Stockton & Darlington railway,
though steam power had previously
been used on some short colliery
lines, private, in England. Vehicles
on the Stockton & Darlington road
were first drawn by horses, but soon
afterward the great engineer, George
Stephenson, was authorized by an-
other Act of Parliament to operate
the railroad with locomotive engines.
The line, with three branches, was
about thirty-eight miles in length, and
was thus opened in 1825. a train of
thirty-four cars, having a gross load
of ninety tons, being drawn by a single
engine.

It was not until 1829, however, that
the English people became impressed
with the fact that a revolution in
the modes of freighting and traveling
had taken place. In that year the
London & Manchester road, thirty and
one-half miles long, was opened, and
from that time, the construction of
such roads increased steadily, and the
improvement in the method of build-
ing and operating was rapid.

In the United States, the construc-
tion of railroads was almost contem-
poraneous with that in England. In
1826-27, a horse railroad was built
from the marble quarries of Quincy.
Mass., to Neponset river, three miles.
It was made by putting down granite
sleepers, each seven and a half feer
long, eight feet apart, covered by an

oak plate. In several States charters
were obtained, and in 1828-29 :10 other
roads, and of somewhat different con-
struction, were begun east of the Al-
leghanies. An engine built in Eng
land was put on the railway of the
Delaware and Hudson ('anal Com
pany in the summer of 1829 — the first
steam railroad locomotive to be used
in this country. The first built in the
United States, for actual railroad ser-
vice, made its trial trip January 15.
183 J.

In 1830 there were but twenty-three
miles of railroad in operation in the
United States, and in that year Ken-
tucky took the initial step in the work
west of the Alleghanies. An Act to
incorporate the Lexington tS: Ohio
Railway Company was approved by
Gov. Metcalf, January 27, 1830. Ir
provided for the construction and re
pair of a road from l^cxington to some
suitable point or points on the Ohio
river, not to exceed sixty-six feet
in width, with as manv tracks as the

•

president and directors of the com-
pany might deem necessary. The cap-
ital stock was limited to $1,000,000,
in shares of $100 each, the payments
to be made by easy installments. Th<»
incorporators named in the original
act and an amendment thereto, made
shortly afterward, were as follows:
John W. Hunt, John Brand. Richard
Higgins, Benjamin Gratz. Luther
Stephens, Robert Wickliffe. Leslie
Combs. Elisha Warfleld, Robert Fra
zer. James Weir, Michael Fishel.
Thomas F. Boswell, Benjamin Taylor,
Elisha I. Winter. Joseph Boswell,

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DR. DANIEL M. FOSTER. (Aged 83.)

Formerly of Lexington, Ky., now of Bloomington, 111. Believed to be the only sur-
vivor of the men who projected and built the fii>t railroad west of the Allegbanie* — one
from Lexington to Frankfort.

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•• • •■ ■ •

David Megowau, John Norton, Mad
ison Johnson. Henry C. Payne, Hen-
ry Clay, Richard H. Chinu and Benja
min W. Dudley.

The work of organizing, soliciting
subscriptions and seeking informa-
tion, even at the expense of sending
a man to England to examine the
roads there, was soon begun, and the
road was completed from I^exingtou
to Frankfort in a reasonable length
of time, considering the great mag-
nitude of the undertaking according
to the plan adopted; but a brief bi-
ographical sketch of one who is re-
garded as the sole survivor of the
band of men who planned and con-
structed this first railroad in the
West, is appropriate, and is best given
in his own words, with his account of
the work itself. Dr. Foster, whose
portrait accompanies this sketch,
writes as follows:

"I was born in Lexington, Ky., Feb-
ruary 12, 1817. Of course my early
education was obtained at private
schools. Almost invariably these
schools were taught by men who used
the rod pretty freely, their motto be-
ing. 'Spare the rod and spoil the boy.'
The tuition was so much a quarter,
say generally three dollars.

"At the age of eight years T sa>v
Gen. LaFayette. who visited Lexing-
ton in 1825. I fear that few of those
who had that pleasure are now living.

"In 1828 my parents moved from
the city to a farm eight miles toward
Frankfort, on the line of what is
now the Louisville & Nashville Rail-
road. About this time — perhaps a
year later — a number of the wealthy
business men of Lexington and a few
farmers met and talked of the prac-
ticability and the advantages of a rail-
road from Lexington to Louisville,
and not long subsequently they ob-
tained a charter and opened books for
the subscription of stock in the road.

When sufficient had been subscribed
to warrant it, they ordered a prelim
inary survey. After the route was
determined, contracts were let for
building the road, and work was be-
gun in October, 1832. The first six
with a passenger car, the motive
with a passenger car, the motive
power being horses, driven tandem.
This car was constructed like our
present omnibus, with seats running
lengthwise on the top, facing both
sides, with a low canopy over them.
The wheels ran under the body lik»
they do now on our street cars. There
was a step-ladder on which to climb
to the upper seats, and the car was
really neat and comfortable."

The subjoined cut will serve to in-
dicate the construction and appear-
ance of this pioneer railway coach.

-The first engiue used on the road,
with which an attempt was made to
di.sjMMise with horses, was designed
and built in Lexington by a Mr. Bruen,
who owned and operated the only ma-
chine shop in the city, and who was
a very ingenious man and quite suc-
cessful in business. My recollection
is that he was located on what was
then called Market street, or Lower
Water street, along the town branch
of Elkhorn creek. These market
houses. I may remark incidentallv,
were built on pillars, and covered this
stream. There were two of them,
their length being a full block, and
they were denominated "upper" and
"lower" market house. This engine
had a seat around its outer edge ou
both sides; the entrance was at the
end: the space between the seats on
the sides contained the boiler and en-
gine, a wood-box, and blacksmith
tools and a bellows in order to make
repairs, which were frequently need-
ed. It was not capable of hauling
much weight, either of freight or pas-
sengers, and those in charge were not

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FIRST PASSENGER. CAR ON L. 6 O. R. R

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encouraged with its work, so they
abandoned it and again resorted to
horses for their motive power/'

The subjoined cut will give an idea
of the appearance of this primitive
locomotive.

"The road ran alongside the market
houses to which I have alluded— the
Lexington terminus (or rather the
starting i>oiut) — being at the street
which ran from the upper end of the
Phoenix, or what was then Pot let h
wait's, Hotel. It was the end of Mar-
ket street at that time. I do not recall
distinctly, but I think there was no
regular depot for some time after the
tar, or coach, began its trips six miles
out to a spriug and place of amuse-
ment, where there were a bowling al-
ley, billiards, refreshment standB, etc.

"The incorporators decided to build
the line in what they conceived to be
the most substantial manner, so that
they would not need to repair much
or often. The construction may be
briefly described as follows: They had
stone quarried and split into different
dimensions, from two feet to six or
eight, or more, in length, one foot
six or eight inches in width, and a bom
one foot thick. The ends and about
six inches of the upper side wer>
faced, the ends being thus dressed that
there might be close joints when the
stones were laid down. In the upper
face was cut a groove three and a
half inches wide for the flange of the
wheels, and along one side of this
groove was laid a flat iron rail, on
which the main periphery of the
wheels was to run. Every sixteen or
eighteen inches holes were drilled in
the rock, that the rails might be
pinned down by driving spikes through
corresponding holes in them. Into
the holes in the stones were first driv-
en black locust pins, counter-sunk,
and then spikes through the rails
were driven into this wooden filling.

It was supposed that this would make
a very durable road, but it was soon
found that the stone would crush un-
der the weight of the loaded cars, par-
ticularly after the introduction of the
heavy steam engine. (The first one
of these efficient locomotives was
named the 'Daniel Boone.') The
stones were soon so badly crushed and
broken that it was necessary to re-
move them and put down woodeu
streamers. Cedar sills were substi-
tuted, and, if my memory serves m-.»
correctly, the rebuilding was done by
first laying down a streamer, then
cross-ties, then another streamer, and
on this spiking down an iron rail. It
soon became evident that this flat
rail would not answer, as it would
come loose at the ends and curl up,
forming what was termed 'snake
heads,' which would curl over the
wheels and run up into the cars, en-
dangering the lives of passengers.
This, therefore, had to be changed;
and the matter was a serious one, as
the experiments thus far had been
quite expensive. About this time the
stockholders heard of the *T' rail,
which had been introduced on th»?
Eastern roads, and another change of
construction took place. The top
streamer, with its flat rail, w T as re-
moved, and the 'T' rail was spiked
down on the crose-ties.

'The first steam engine used after
n uen's invention was found unsuit-
able, was somewhat similar t«. those
of modern times, but very small in
comparison with them. The passen-
ger cars that succeeded the omnibus-
like device were somewhat on the or-
der of our street cars of thirty years
ago.

"After the road to the six-mile sta-
tion was put in running order, the
work on it beyond, as far as Mid-
way, was let out to contractors by
sections, and it was upon this part.

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of the line that 1 was employed as
assistant to a sub-engineer, Mr. Car
son Hewett (who subsequently studied
medicine and practiced in Louisville),
and thus I claim to have helped build
the first railroad west of the Alle-
ghany mountains.

"While this work was progressing,
in 1833. a large number of Irish and
some German laborers were employed.
They were supplied by the bosses with
shanties, food, etc., each camp having
a hundred or more men. The Asiatic
cholera, which was prevalent in Amer
ica that year, visited these camps and
many persons died. Others abandon-
ed the camps and tied, so that the
work was suspended till healthful con-
ditions were restored. In the mean
time my father sold his farm and
moved to Indiana, whence, after a
time, I made my way to Illinois."

[Here he gives the names of such
of the stockholders as he could re-
call, but, as the full list is given above,
his names are omitted here.]

"After the road was completed to
Frankfort, the train descended the
long slope by having strong brakes
on all the wheels and a sliding appar-
atus in front of them. With a sta-
tionary engine at the top of the hill,
and pulleys at short intervals for the
rabies to run on, the train was hauled
up on its return to Lexington.

"The speed of the engine was quite
leisurely, and there was no hurry, and
but little punctuality in arriving and
departing."

From these small beginnings, rail-
road travel and traffic have grown in
the Fnited States, within less than

three-quarters of a century, to enor-
mous proportions. As shown by tho
twelfth census, our total railroad mile-
age in 1899 was 250,362, and there
were 37,245 locomotives, almost every
one a monster in size as compared
with the modest one that first plied
between Lexington and Frankfort;
passenger cars, 26,184; baggage and
mail cars, 8,121, and freight cars,
1,328,084. In that one year the nuin
ber of passengers carried was 537,977,-
301; tons of freight moved, 975,789,-
941, and the total traffic earnings were
♦1,336,096,379. The capital invested
in railroads (not including the street
railways and the thousands of cars
stocking them) at the close of the nine-
teenth century was not less than |12,
000,000,000.

In 1889, when the undersigned was
State Librarian and in charge of pub-
lic grounds and buildings, he ascer-
tained that some of the stone rails,
or sills, used in building the road
described by Dr. Foster, were still to
be seen along the track of the L. &
N. railroad, near Lexington. Deeming
them not only interesting, but impor-
tant relics of Kentucky's initial ef-
fort in railroad building, he had two
of them brought to Frankfort, and
they now have a place in one of the
rooms of the Historical Society, mut.»
evidences of what an enormous' work
was the laying of two courses of track
twenty-eight miles long, and striking
contrasts to the shapely and durable
steel rails now in use the world over.

ED PORTER THOMPSON.
Frankfort. October 3, 1902.

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Fort Hill.

This is one of the noble group of
mountainous hills around the city ol*
Frankfort, which, added to its pie-
turcsqueness, is also historic.

In early Indian warfare times it
was selected as the highest point for
a fort. It is said a log barricade was
made on the brow of this stern cliff
by the brave pioneer riflemen, from
which they could command a view of
the vallev below, and the river run-
ning through it, also the buffalo trace
and the pathways through the cliffs
in every direction. Hence, by their
vigilance, they prevented the terrible
massacres by the stealthy Indian foe-«,
so frequent in other parts of the State
from 1770 to 1794.

Only ope surprise with fatal ter-
mination is recorded — that of Captahi
William Bryan and his little company,
who were on their way to Mann's Salt
Licks (in 1780) from Fayette county,
to what is now in Jefferson coun r y.
for the purpose of procuring salt for
Bryan's Station, of which William
Bryan was the founder. While en-
camping on the bank of the Kentucky
river, where Frankfort now stands,
Bryan and his men were surprised by
an attack from Indians. Stephen
Frank was instantly killed, Bryan and
Tomlin both wounded and the rest of
the company escaped unhurt." Col-
lins' History of Kentucky, vol. ii,
pages 243-4.

We find that at one time Fort Hill
was the property of one Harrison

Blantou, who lived in Frankfort in
1807, and was one of the contractors
for the stone work on the present cap
itol. Perhaps from this northern bul-
wark of the city he procured much
of the stone. From the ground to the
topmost point of Fort Hill it is one
vast Gibraltar of rock, over which ce-
dars, grown from its crevices, bend
their green forms, kindly decorating
the gray wall with its sharp and for-
bidding projections. For many years
it remained secure in its altitude and
dangerous steppes from the hunter
and the tourist. The remains of the
fort were visible, but unvisited, until
the breaking out of the Civil War,
ISfil-Go. Then its commanding height
and its traditions of Indian warfare
commended it to the Federal author-
ities as the most available and im-
pregnable site for a fortress. They
immediately erected a stone breast-
work and equipped it as a fort, and
used it as such during the Civil War.

Fort Hill forms the northern boun-
dary of the capital, and from its brow
is offered a scene of unrivaled beauty
and variety, extending over the cul
tured city at its feet, far up and down
the Kentucky river, and over the green
hills on every side. It deserves to
be marked by a brass plate, on one of
its matchless bowlders, as one of the
landmarks of border warfare in the
Revolution that remains changeless
in its majestic barbarity.

Din

Address of Hon. John A. Steele, Vice-President, before
Kentucky Historical Society, Feb. 11, 1899.

Ladies and Gentlemen of the Ken-
tucky Historical Society:

Article XIII of the constitution of
our society provides that a general
meeting to elect officers, receive re-
port 8 and to transact other appropri
ate business shall be held annually
on the 11th day of February, the
birthday of Daniel Hoone, and in com-
pliance with that provision we are
now assembled in this hall.

This is the second regular meeting
of the Society since its reorganization
under the auspices of the Colonial
Daughters of Frankfort. I was pres-
ent on the former occasion, and when
I recall the almost nude walls and
empty cabinets of this chamber at
that time, and behold them now, filled
with so many articles of interest and
value illustrating the early history of
our State and people, arranged with
that exquisite taste that belongs only
to woman, my breast swells with ex-
ultant pride, and my heart is filled
with hope and encouragement for the
future of this Society, and I must say
that whatever of success may attend
its future will be attributable to the
energy and patriotism of these noble
women, such worthy descendents of
their pioneer ancestors.

On this day, one hundred and sixtv-
eight years ago, Daniel Boone, the
"great backwoodsman" and first ser-
tler of Kentucky, was born. 1 shall
not, on this occasion, attempt to give
a detailed history of the life and char

acter of this remarkable man. His
name is a household word in every
home in this Commonwealth, and his
deeds, recalling the adventures of tin*
Homeric Age. have been made the
theme of story and of song in other
lands than ours. Without the hem-
fits of a finished education, without
the aid of wealth or influential
friends, impelled with a lofty courage
and love of adventure, and undeterred
by difficulties and undaunted by dan
gers, with no other safeguard or
means of support than his hunting
knife and trusty rifle, this child of
Nature left his humble home on the
banks of the Yadkin and penetrated
the forests of Central Kentucky, the
Canaan of his hopes, the goal of his
ambition, and unconsciously "blazed
the way" to what was soon to be a
great empire west of the Alleghanies.
If he was not a great man. he was.
at least, a wonderful man, and in his
peculiar sphere of action he stands
without a peer in the history of our
country.

It is. therefore, eminently proper
that we have selected this day in hon-
or of his memory, upon which to hold
our annual meetings. Hut. while we
thus honor his memory, let us not
forget that others are justly entitled
to share his fame. It was John Find-
lay who first fired his adventurous
nature, and, piloting the way across
river*? and mountains, pointed out to
him the ''promised land," and who.
doubtless, would have attained equal

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celebrity had he not shortly after
fallen by the hand of a savage foe.
Boone enjoyed the distinction of be-
ing the first settler of Kentucky, but
soon after him came the Bullitts, the
Bryans, the Harrods, the Logans, the
McAfees, the Marshalls, the Estills,
Simon Kenton, Bland Ballard and
other daring spirits. Nearly all of
them were of that sturdy Scotch-Irish
stock, strongly endowed by Nature
with those sterling qualities of true
manhood which has always character-
ized the race, and which has left its
impress on their posterity of to-day.
All were men of dauntless courage,
indifferent to danger, inured to hard-
ship and exposure, and realizing

''How sublime a thing it is
To suffer and be strong,"

They resolved to hold this fair land
or perish in the attempt. How well
they kept their resolution, we have
only to look around us to find out.
Verily "the wilderness and the waste
places are made glad, and the desert
blossoms as the rose."

No other State in the Union pos-
sesses more features of archaeologio
and historic interest than ours. We
have abundant evidences that long be-
fore the advent of the Anglo-Saxon,
or even the Indian, this land was in-
habited by a prehistoric race com-
monly known as the "Mound Build-
ers." As to their origin, who they
were, whence they came or whither
they went, neither history nor tradi-
tion affords us any satisfactory in-
formation, and all else is legend and
speculation. But archaeologists claim
that they are gradually working out
the mystery, and in this age of
science, of reason and invention, with
that innate craving of the human mind
to unravel the mysteries of the past
and to foresee the events of the fu-

ture, such a result is neither impossi
ble nor improbable.

This much, however, we do know,
from the remains of ancient fortifi-
cations and from other articles of
their handiwork, such as pottery ware,
jars and vases, some of them elab
orately carved, pipes and war imple-
ments of stone and other material,
that they possessed a knowledge of
geometry, architecture, art and agri-
culture, and that they attained a de
gree of civilization commensurate
with the age in which they lived. The
vague but still visible remains of this
strange people form an interesting
study, and the collection of such ar
tides as I have mentioned, now scat-
tered and in the hands of many dif-
ferent persons, and which could be
obtained by the mere asking, when it
is made known the purpose for which
they are to be donated, would form
a valuable acquisition to the museum
of this Society. But it is a positive
and authentic matter pertaining to
our State and people that should prin-
cipally engage our time and attention.
It should be our purpose, therefore,
to compile and collate such correct
information of past events as we may
be able to obtain, either from publle
records or private sources, and which,
through the course of time, would be-
come more doubtful and obscure, and
publish and also preserve them in the
archives of the Society for the benefit
of future generations, so that "his
tory itself may not fade into a fable,
and fact become clouded with doubt
and mystery."

It may not be out of place for just
here to give a synopsis of the pur
poses of the Society, as set forth at
its organization:

"1. To collect and preserve what
soever relates to the history of Ken-
tucky.

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"2. A complete library of Western
history.

"3. Special memoirs, biographies
and family genealogies.

"4. Manuscript, journals and letters.

4 *5. Magazines, pamphlets and other
printed records of our early history.

"6. Maps, plans, plates and notes
of early surveys.

"7. Anything printed or in manu-
script relating to our industries— ag-
ricultural, mechanical and commercial.

"8. Special history of the origin of
our towns, cities and counties, and so-
cieties and institutions of learning.

"9. Relics of Indians and pioneers,
with accounts of their customs, of lo-
cal traditions concerning them.

"10. Information concerning In-
dians, mounds and relics obtained
from them.

"11. Mineralogical and fossil speci-
mens.

"12. Co i ii8, medals and autographs,
paintings, engravings, curiosities, fam-
ily relics of every description.

"13. Relics of the first and second
wars with England, of the Mexican
War, and the late war between the
North and South;" and, I may add, the
recent war with Spain.

Thus it appears that we have be
fore us a broad and diversified field
of labor, but the work will be enter-
taining and at the same time bene-
ficial and profitable. If the Society is
to have a permanent and continuous
existence, as is contemplated by its
charter, we must not depend upon the
labor and efforts of a few zealous
members. This would not only be un-
just to such members, but would result
in its early dissolution. I know this to
be true from the light of past exper

ience. The removal of a few active
members, either by death or from
other causes, would also deprive the
Society of its vitality, and it would
soon perish from sheer inanition. It
should, therefore, be our purpose to
solicit and obtain as large a member-
ship as possible throughout this State,
and endeavor to impress upon each
one the importance of his or her ac-
tive co-operation and assistance in our
laudable undertaking. In order that
our work may be carried on success-
fully, there should be a strong, united
and individual effort.

While it may be a pleasant and
agreeable pastime for some to occupy
their leisure moments by contribu-
ting in various ways, as their taste
and opportunity may incline them,
yet there is much to be done that is
of a strictly business nature.

The compilation and publication of
matter contributed, and extensive cor-
respondence, the collection and re-
cording of articles donated, the care
and arrangement of these rooms and
other duties are necessary to the prog-
ress and maintenance of the Society.
This labor devolves principally upon
the Curator and Secretary, and neces-
sarily requires much time and atten
tion, and at the same time involves
an expenditure of money. We should
endeavor at all times to have suffi-
cient funds in the hnnds of the Trean-
urer to meet actual and contingent
expenses, and not to impose an addi
tional burden upon these officials.

I would respectfully submit this
subject to the consideration of the
Executive Committee, with the sug-
gestion, if membership fees and an-
nual dues do not afford a sufficient
amount, that some other ways and
means be devised to meet these re-
quirements.

I have thus, briefly and concisely is
possible, set forth the object and pur-

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pose of this Society. The cause Id
which we are enlisted should appeal
to the patriotism of every Kentuckian
who possesses any pride of State or
family, whether this be the land of
his nativity or the home of his adop-
tion.

Let us, therefore, extend a cordial
greeting to whoever is ready to lend
us a helping hand, and press forward
in a united effort to make The Ken-
tucky Historical Society one of the
noblest institutions of our grand old
Commonwealth.

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The Seal of Kentucky.

Data

through politeness of Mr. W. Smith, of Court of Appeal*.

IN THE NAME AND BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE

Commonwealtb of Iftentuck^

1792, NOVEMBER SESSION, FIRST YEAR OF THE COMMONWEALTH.

CHAPTER LIX:

an Hct to provtoe a Seal for this Commonwealth, Decem-
ber 20, 1792.

3Se it e**octeb t>\^ the (yenetat flUaewtfify:

%hat the ^ovetnot 6e cmpow«wb cmb is hezeb^ zecpiizeb to
prouibe at the, puMic chatae, a Seal foz this (Eommonweaitrv; aub
ptocu-ie the- »amt to 6c enot-aveb vui-tfr the fottovoi+ta be vice, -uvr:
Hmjo |tie*vb> emuracma, vuitfi- tfve ttawe the State over- t&eit
heab> t a*%b touwb afcout tfic foffovuivKj *notto; u< ^nitcb vue staub,
biuvbeb we fatt."

THE STATUTE LAW OF KENTUCKY.
BOOK ONE, PAGE 136.

Seal approved December 20, 1792. Governor Isaac Shelby directing the design.

(Thlo paper bolongo to Mra. Jeanio C. Morton.)

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'Before Unpublished Copy of a Letter from Gen. 'Ben
Logan to Governor Isaac Shelby.

To His Excellency, Isaac Shelby, the

Governor of Kentucky.

April 8th, 1793.

Dear Sir: On yesterday I left the
lower settlement of Mercer, which is
on the road from Frankfort to the
falls of the Ohio. Although the heard
application was made to you from the
officer of that county, they have urged
me to give you information of their
situation, which is, there are but two
settlements on the road from Frank-
fort to the settlements on the waters
of Brashear's creek, which distance
is fifteen miles. A man the name of
Hamilton is one; lives about three
miles from Frankfort. A Thomas Lo-

gan lives five miles from Frankfort, or
ten miles from the other settlement,
which is and would be a proper stand
for travelers, and particularly salt
packers. A guard on that road would
be actually necessary for the inhab-
itants of Mercer and travelers. I need
not mention particular places, from
the falls of the Ohio to Frankfort,
for on the frontier the Indians have
been every place; but the place I have
mentioned to you they can do the pub-
lic most damage.

I am Your Excellency's most obedt.
and humble servt,

BENJAMIN LOGAN.

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Counties in Kentucky and Origin of their Names.

Published by Courtesy of the Geographer of the Smithsonian Institute.

Adair; counties in Iowa, Kentucky
and Missouri. Named for Gen. John
Adair, governor of Kentucky.

Allen; counties in Kentucky and Ohio,
named for Col. John Allen, who fell
at the battle of Raisin river, in the
War of 1812. Also a county in In-
diana.

Anderson; county in Kentucky, named
for Richard C. Anderson, a former
member of Congress.

Ballard; county in Kentucky, named
for Capt. Bland Ballard, an officer
in the War of 1812.

Barren; county in the carboniferous
limestone region. The name is sup-
posed to have been given in refer-
ence to this formation, though the
soil is in reality fertile.

Bath; county named because of the
medicinal springs present.

Bell; county named for Josh Bell;
originally named Josh Bell County;
Josh taken off by subsequent act of
General Assembly.

Boone; county named for Daniel
Boone.

Bourbon; named for the royal family
of France.

Bovd; countv named for Linn Bovd,
statesman of Tennessee, one time
lieutenant-governor of Kentucky.

Boyle; named for John Boyle, chief
justice of the State.

Bracken; named for two creeks. Big
and Little Bracken, which were

named for William Bracken, a pio-
neer hunter.

Breathitt; named for John Breathitt,
former governor of the State.

Breckinridge; named for John Breck-
inridge, a Kentucky statesman.

Bullitt; named for Alexander Scott
Bullitt.

Butler; named for Gen. Richard But-
ler, who fell at St. Clair's defeat.

Caldwell; named for Gen. John Cald-
well, formerly lieutenant-governor
of Kentucky.

Calloway; named for Col. Richard
Calloway.

Campbell; named for John Campbell

of the State Senate.
Carlisle; named for John G. Carlisle,

Secretary of the Treasury under

President Cleveland.
Carroll; named for Charles Carroll, of

Carrollton, Maryland.
Carter; named for William G. Carter,

a member of the State Senate.
Casey; named for Col. William Casey,

a pioneer of the State.
Christian; named for Col. William

Christian, an officer of the revolu-
tion.

Clark; named for Gen. George Rogers
Clark, who captured Vincennes.

Clay; named for Gen. Green Clay.

Clinton; named for DeWitt Clinton
governor of New York and projec-
tor of the Erie canal.

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Crittenden; named for John J. Crit-
tenden, U. 8. senator from that
State.

Cumberland. Dr. Thomas Walker, of
Virginia, in 1758, named the river,
bnt whether for the Duke of Cum-
berland or named for the English
county it is not satisfactorily de-
cided.

Daviess; named for Col. Joseph Da-
viess, who fell at the battle of Tip
pecanoe.

Edmonson; named for Capt. Jack Ed-
monson, who fell at the battle of
Raisin river.

Elliott; named for Judge John M. El-
liott.

Estill; named for Capt. James Estill,
an Indian fighter.

Fayette; named for the Marquis de
La Fayette.

Fleming; named for Col. John Flem-
ing, an early settler in the State.

Floyd; named for William Floyd, on«*
of the signers of the Declaration of
Independence.

Franklin; named for Benjamin Frank-
lin.

Fulton; named for Robert Fulton.

Gallatin; named for Albert Gallatin,
Secretary of the Treasury under
Thomas Jefferson.

Garrard; named for Col. James Gar-
rard, governor of the State in 1796.

Grant;' according to John McGee it
was named for Col. John Grant, an
early settler, but according to J.
Worthing McCann, the county was
named for Samuel Grant.

Graves; named for Capt. Benjamin
Graves, who fell at the battle of
Raisin river.

Grayson; named for Col. William
Grayson, U. S. senator from Vir-
ginia.

Green; named for Gen. Nathaniel
Greene.

Greenup; named for Christopher
Greenup, governor of the State in
1804-1808.

Hancock; named for John Hancock,
one of the signers of the Declara-
tion of Independence.

Hardin; named for Col. John Hardin.

Harlan; named for Maj. Silas Harlan.

Harrison; named for Col. Benjamin
Harrison, father of William Henry
Harrison.

Hart; named for Nathaniel Hart, an
officer of the War of 1812.

Henderson; named for Col. Richard
Henderson, of Kentucky.

Henry; named for Patrick Henry.

Hickman; named for Capt. Paschal
Hickman.

Hopkins; named for a Revolutionary
officer.

Jackson; named for Gen. Andrew
Jackson.

Jefferson; named for Thomas Jeffer-
son.

Jessamine; named for Jessamine
Douglass, the daughter of an early
settler.

Johnson; named for Richard Johnson,
Vice-President of the United States.

Kenton; named for Simon Kenton, a
distinguished pioneer of Kentucky.

Knott; named for Proctor Knott.

Knox; named for Gen. Henry Knox,
Secretary of War during the admin-
istration of Washington.

Larue; named for John LaRue, an
early settler.

Laurel; named on account of the dense
laurel thickets growing within th»*
limits.

Lawrence; named for James Law-
rence, captain in the memorable

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battle with the British on Lake
Erie.

tee; named for Robert E. Lee, Com-
mander of the armies of the Con-
federacy.

Leslie; named for Governor Preston
H. Leslie.

Letcher; named for Robert P. Letcher,
former governor of the State.

Lewis; named for Meriwether Lewis.

Lincoln; named for Oen. Benjamin
Lincoln, an officer of the Revolu-
tion.

Livingston; named for Robert R. Liv-
ingston, a prominent politician.

Logan; named for Gen. Benjamin
Logan, a pioneer of the State.

Lyon; named for Col. Crittenden Ly-
on.

McCracken; named for Capt. Virgil
McCracken.

McLean; named for Judge Alney Mc-
Lean.

Madison; named for James Madison,
fourth President of the United
States.

Magoffin; named for Beriah Magoffin,
a former governor.

Marion; named for Gen. Francis Ma-
rion.

Marshall; named for Chief Justice
John Marshall.

Martin; named for Col. John P. Mar-
tin.

Mason; named for Stevens T. Mason,
the last Territorial governor and
first State governor of Michigan.

Meade; named for Capt. James
Meade.

Menifee; named for Richard H. Men-
ifee.

Mercer; named for General Hugh Mer-
cer.

Metcalfe; named for Thomas Metcalfe,
an early governor of the State.

Monroe; named for James Monroe,
fifth President.

Montgomery; named for Gen. Richard
Montgomery, who was killed in the
assault on Quebec.

Morgan; named for Gen. Daniel Mor-
gan, of the Colonial Volunteers.

Muhlenberg; named for Gen. J. P. G.
Muhlenberg, an officer of the Rev-
olution.

Nelson; named for Thomas Nelson,
governor of Virginia in 1781.

Nicholas; named for Col. George Nich-
olas, a Revolutionary officer.

Ohio; an Indian word, meaning "the
beautiful river."

Oldham; named for Col. William Old-
ham, a Revolutionary officer of dis-
tinction, killed by the Indians in the
battle St. Clair's defeat, Nov. 5,
1791.

Owen; named for Col. Abraham
Owen, of Kentucky, killed at Tippe-
canoe.

Owsley; named for Judge William
Owsley, a former governor.

Pendleton; named for Edmund Pen-
dleton, a prominent politician of
Virginia.

Perry; named for Commodore Oliver
Hazard Perry.

Pike; named for Gen. Zebnlon M.
Pike, the explorer.

Powell; named for Lazarus W.Powell,
a former governor.

Pulaski; named for a Polish patriot,
Count Casimir Pulaski.

Robertson; named for ex-Chief Jus-
tice Robertson, a leading pioneer. .

Rockcastle;

Rowan; named for John Rowan, a dis-
tinguished lawyer of the State.

Russell; named for Gen. William Rus-
sell.

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Scott; named for Gov. Charles Scott,
of the latter State.

Shelby; named for Gen. Isaac Shelby,
first governor of Kentucky.

Simpson ; named for Capt. John Simp-
son, member of Congress.

Spencer; named for Capt. Spier Spen-
cer, killed at Tippecanoe.

Taylor; named for Gen. Zachary Tay-
lor.

Todd; named for Col. John Todd.
Trigg; named for Col. Stephen Trig}?,

slain by the Indians at the battle

of Blue Licks.
Trimble; named for the Hon. Robert

Trimble.

Union; believed to be so named be-
cause of the unanimity of the peo-

ple when the division of the coun-
ty from which this was taken was
made.

Warren; named for Joseph Warren,
who fell at the battle of Bunker
Hill.

Washington; named for Gen. George
Washington.

Wayne; named for Gen. Anthony
Wayne, a hero of the Revolution.

Webster; named for Daniel Webster.

Whitley; named for Col. William
Whitley.

Wolfe; named for Nathaniel Wolfe,
member of the State Legislature.

Woodford; named for Gen. William
Woodford.

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Paragraphs,

It was the late wise editor of the
New England Historical and Genea-
logical Register, Boston, Mass., who
wrote this admirable paragraph when
he took charge of that magazine: "I
determined that, while I had control
of its pages, they should be devoted
to urbanity as well as to truth and
justice; that while I would not allow
any historical fact to be suppressed
because it was distasteful to my read-
ers, I would at the same time insist
that this fact should not be presented
in an unnecessarily harsh and irri-
tating form." Again, "To bring to
the surface and magnify the calum-
nies and unjust surmises, which time
has allowed to subside, as a means of
obtaining the truth in history or bi-
ography, is no more rational than to
stir up the mud at the bottom of a
stream as a means of obtaining clear
water. The danger is that this sed-
iment will be accumulated until it
colors the well-authenticated facts in
history."

In 'The Interior" (Chicago), of Ju-
ly, there is a copy of the splendid
painting, "Washington receiving the
Sacrament." The painting belongs to
Rev. Henry C. McCook, D. D., presi-
dent of the Presbyterian Historical
Society, of Philadelphia, Pa, This
picture settles the dispute as to
Washington's being a member of the
Episcopal church, if, indeed, there was
ever any ground for such dispute.
Washington's well-known devotion to
religious duties would be, with any
right-thinking people, sufficient evi-
dence that he was not only a commun-
icant of the church, but a zealous and
devout Christian.

In a pamphlet in our possession, en-
titled "Franklin Baptist Associa-
tion," 1898, pages 21-2, we find the fol
lowing in a sketch of Rev. John Gano,
the greatest Baptist preacher of his
time, by Rev. Rufus W. Weaver:

"A month or more ago I visited the
noble grandson of this great hero, Dr.
Stephen Gano (since dead), of George-
town, now in his ninety-second year.
His mind is clear, and his memory un-
impaired. From him I learned the
facts regarding the current tradition,
which asserts that John Gano im-
mersed General Washington.

"Col. Daniel Gano, a graduate of
Princeton, a civil engineer and an offi-
cer in the American army, related to
Doctor Gano the event of which he
was an eye-witness. The army was
encamped near the James river. Col.
Gano's father, John Gano, had just
concluded his Sunday morning service
and was conversing with a number of
Baptist soldiers who had remained.
General Washington drew near and
entered into conversation. This turn-
ed upon the proper mode of baptism.
General Washington expressed the
belief that immersion was the apos-
tolic mode.

" 'General Washington, if you be-
lieve that you have been improperly
baptized, why don't you secure proper
baptism?' asked Mr. Gano (a chap-
lain at the time under General Wash-
ington).

" 'Do you think that I am a fit sub-
ject for baptism?' responded the Gen-
eral.

"The examination was entered into
at once, and at the end Mr. Gano an-
nounced his readiness to baptize Gen-
eral Washington. They repaired to
the river, and the solemn ordinance

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was administered by Mr. Gano. Both
returned, dripping, to their tents.

"We have no documentary evidence
of its verity, yet one can not hear th'*
account from the white-haired, saintly
I>i\ Gano without being convinced
that General Washington was im-
mersed by John Gano. The skeptic
may doubt, but the fair, unprejudiced
man will accept this as one of the un-
numbered historical facts preserved
only in tradition."

Kev. John Gano came to Kentucky
in 1788, and settled in Frankfort.
Here he lived and preached his great
sermons, exerting, by his rich elo-
quence and his piety, a wonderful re-
ligious influence, and, it is said, check-
ed the dangerous heresy beginning its
baneful spread over the pioneers. He
was the most prominent Baptist
preacher of his time, and his labors
covered the most extensive territory,
embracing the colonies, and later the
States from Connecticut to Georgia,
reaching as far west as the Kentucky
river. He died August 4, 1804, and
was buried in the graveyard of the
Forks of Elkhorn church, near Frank-
fort. His son, Col. Daniel Gano, by
request of General James Wilkinson,
laid off the city of Frankfort in 1787.
He lived in this city for several years,
then removed to Scott county, where
he died April 18, 1849, aged ninety.
He was also a distinguished Colonial
and Revolutionary officer, and a man
of commanding talent and learning. —
(Editor The Register.)

There are few, if any, of the States
in the Union that have been so writ-
ten of as Kentucky, and it has been
said, "it would be better for the State
if so much of her history had not
been written." The demand of the
barbarous appetite of sensationalists

has caused a great deal to be written
of Kentucky in the newspapers that
is false and groundless, in fact, and
can not with intelligent, right-think-
ing people be received as history.

As the State is well known to be
an enviable tract of country, a very
paradise of beauty in landscape, and
a mine of yet undeveloped wealth, it
has been subjected to the many dis-
advantages of contentions for its pots
session by aliens to good government
in parts of the State not desirable to
live in. Now, that this region is be-
ing opened up by railways and tele
phones, and good citizens are settling
up the land and building towns where
thev have have schools to educate and
churches to Christianize the people,
it is reasonable to believe it will be-
come like other regions of the State,
a goodly land, desirable for health and
home and peaceful prosperity.

Our future history will be more de-
voted to accounts of good citizenship,
that will improve and elevate and en-
lighten the reading public. We want
the history of good men and women,
and no State in the Union has more
of them in proportion to population
than Kentucky. We want the history
of our splendid resources, and the
result of co-operative activity in ev-
ery good work among our citizens.

If the past history of Kentucky has
been one of border warfares, and
wars, broken laws and murderous dif-
ficulties, with here and there splendid
heroes of departed worth and great-
ness, let the present and future his-
tory reflect the actions of many he-
roes in the battle of life, abreast with
the progress of the age, in all excell-
ence and Christian culture. So let us
rise upon our dead past to better,
nobler things.

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The Kentucky RiVer and and Its Islands.

By a Resident of Frankfort, Ky.

Re»d beluio the Historical Society, February 1

As the years go on, bringing silver
locks and weary limbs to the earlier
settlers of the "dark and bloody
ground," it affords a gracious relief
in strengthening their memories touch-
ing the events of the early days,
when the woods were dense in shad-
ows, the course of the streams and
the outburst of bubbling springs had
not changed, and wild game still gave
sport and food for the hunter. It is
this beautiful coloring, tinting the
skies of the later life, which has ad-
ded many interesting recitals of the
changing features of the original en-
virons of Frankfort. Among these is
the description of an island that lay
opposite the mouth of Benson formed
by the debris of dirt, stones, gravel
and sand that in high tides poured
from the mouth of that stream.

This island existed before lock No.
4 was erected, began about one bun-
dle yards below the mouth of the
creek, and extended about one-third
of a mile down the river to a point
opposite Harrison Blanton's old saw
mill. It contained from ten to twenty
acres of ground varying according to
the rise and fall of the river. The
deeper channel was on the Frankfort
side, the channel near the western
bank, lying along the land of Francis
P. Blair was shallow. Francis P.
Blair was, in the year 1821), called to
Washington City by President Jack-
son, when he became editor and pub-

, 183W.

lisher of the Congressional Globe, Uil«
Democratic paper of the nation. His
old homestead, at the foot of the slope
of the hill, adjacent, has been loug a
historic relic, and will likely remain
as such until the Bard of the West
Side has it manufactured into walk-
ing canes for mementoes for his
friends.

On the island were a number of
immense sycamore trees that afford-
ed a grateful shade to the fishermen
who made the place a famous resort.
The stories of big catches, that hung
about the lucky spots of the island,
were not unlike, though more frequent
in occurrence, than the heroic success-
es of the present day.

After the building of lock No. 4,
the river assumed a central channel,
the banks of the island rapidly melt
ed away under the greater tides, until
the last vestige finally disappeared.

The old ford across the river was
at the lower end of this island, by
means of which nearly all the inhabi-
tants of the south and west sides of
Franklin county came to the city,
much to the loss of the bridge and
ferries. Great gullies along the banks
on either side that were the approach
es to this ford are still plainly to be
seen.

In 1829 an amusing incident oc-
curred at this ford. The steamer
"Sylph," that then navigated these in
land waters when the tide gave depth

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od the bars, was using all tUe steam to
force a passage through the channel
next the city when she encountered
a yoke of oxen drawing a heavily load-
ed wagon across the ford. The ob-
struction blocked the way absolutely,
and, as the captain of the "Sylph"
did not relish the idea of having the
blood of the oxen on his conscience,
and a lawsuit on his hands, he sul-
lenly yielded the right of way and re-
tired down the stream till the way
was cleared. It is highly probable
that a collision would have obstruct-
ed the channel, and, as there were no
dredge boats handy, the wisdom of
the captain's decision is much to be
commended.

Another island, lower down, and
opposite the site of Hawkins" old mill,
which was situated at the mouth of
Cove Spring branch, divided the river
at Big Eddy. No one knows when
this mill was erected, but there are

a very few persons now living who
have seen it.

At the mouth of the branch is a
mound, overlaying a pile of stones,
that marks the site of the bridge that
crossed the stream. After the build
ing of the dam at lock No. 4. the
island- disappeared.

The first tobacco manufactory ever
carried on in Franklin county was at
Leestown, and conducted by a gentle
man named Maruce. It is said that
his "cavendish" brand was superb, and
he did a lucrative business.

It was at Leestown where the John
son Brothers had their headquarters
for shipment of all the supplies for
the northwestern army, daring the
War of 1812, for which furnishing they
held the contract. The supplies were
taken by water to the Indiana shore,
and thence transported in wagons to
the army.

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DEPARTMENT OF GENEALOGY AND HISTORY.

The progenitor of the family of
Averill in America was William (1)
Averill, who, with Abigail, his wife,
emigrated from England to Massachu-
setts Bay, and settled at Ipswich in
1638. William (2), their son, married
Hannah Jackson, of Ipswich, July,
1661, and to them eleven children were
born. Paul (3), their son, married
Sarah Andrews, of Roxbury, March,
1701, and removed to Connecticut.
Joseph (4), their son, married in Feb-
ruary, 1744, Sarah Mansfield, and to
them were born eight sons and four
daughters. Jesse (5), their son, who
was born in April, 1757, was a sol-
dier of the Revolution, including the
campaign against Burgoyne, ending
at Saratoga. In 1785 he married Eliz-
abeth Stoddard and removed to
Washington county, New York. To
them were born five sons and five
daughters. Marvin (6), their son, born
September, 1791, removed to Ken-
tucky in 1820, residing in the city of

Louisville until his death in 1839. In
1822 he married Rebecca Gordon Pax-
ton, of Franklin county, a daughter
of Thomas Paxton, who emigrated to
Kentucky from Virginia after the
Revolutionary war, in which he served
with distinction, participating in the
campaign against Cornwallis, ending
at Yortown. To Marvin and Rebecca
Averill were born six sons and three
daughters. William Henry (7), was
born in Louisville, September, 1834;
graduated from The Kentucky Mili-
tary Institute in 1853. Member of
the first State Board of Pharmacy,
twice president of the Kentucky Phar-
maceutical Association, and vice-pres-
ident of the American Pharmaceuti-
cal Association in 1892. In 1860 he
was married to Jane Julian Page, and
to them were born five children, three
of whom survive — Rebecca Gordon
Averill (8), Thomas Page Averill (8).
and Marvin D. Averill (8).

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'Bibb.

The progenitor of the Bibb family
in America was Benjamin Bibb. He
was a French Protestant, and after
the revocation of the edict of Nantes,
1685, he left France and went to the
British Isles. He finally settled for
a term of years in Wales. He came
from Wales to Hanover county, Vir-
ginia, with his wife, and had three
sons, viz. : William. James and Thomas
Bibb.

Part of the descendants of this fam-
ily left Virginia and settled in Geor-
gia and Alabama. William M. Bibb,
of Georgia, was a member of Congress
during President Jefferson's adminis-
tration, and was U. S. senator from
Georgia from 1813 to 1816. He moved
to Alabama, and was governor of that
State until 1821, when he was suc-
ceeded as governor by his brother,
Thomas Bibb. The younger brother,
John Pandridge Bibb, was a member
of the first convention in the State of
Alabama and a judge of the Supremo
Court of Alabama.

Data furnished by P. C. Cooter,
Cape Girardeau, Mo.

Bibb Genealogy Confirmed,

The first of the Bibb family in
America was Benjamin Bibb, who
came to Virginia about the close of
the seventeenth century. He was a
Welshman, and the name was origin-
ally spelled "Be be," and so appears
in English books of heraldry.

Benjamin Bibb had three sons-
William, James and Thomas. The

first Bible record of births is John, of
Hanover county, Virginia, son of Wil-
liam Bibb, and was born in 1703.
John Bibb married Susana Bigger,
commonly called "pretty Suky" Big
ger, in Virginia. They had several
daughters and three sons — William,
Thomas and Richard. William moved
to Georgia from Virginia, and Thomas
to Alabama. They each became gov.
ernor of the States of their adoption,
and also U. S. senators, and each
State has a countv called for them
"Bibb County."

Richard Bibb, my great grand-
father, was intended for the ministry
of the church, but the Revolution
coming on, he entered the army and
attained the rank of major. After
the Revolution, he represented his
county in the Virginia Legislature.
Came to Kentucky in 1779. Settled'
in Logan county, but previously lived
for awhile in Bullitt county, and rep-
resented this county in the Kentucky
Legislature, 1803. (Collins' History
of Kentucky, page 772, volume ii.)
He was noted for his piety and his
hospitality, and was a man of educa-
tion and large means. He had large
bodies of land in different parts of
the State, and also owned many ne-
groes. He at one time liberated fifty
of them and sent them to Liberia. At
his death, he set the other slaves free,
and gave each of them a piece of
ground to cultivate. It is needless to
add that not one of them now are
landed proprietors.

Richard Bibb was twice married.

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His first wife was Liny Hooker, b.v
whom he had three sons and three
daughters. His daughter Mary mar-
ried Gabriel Lewis, son of Lawrence
Lewis and Nellie Custis, his wife, —
Mrs. Washington's granddaughter.
John Bibb, his youngest son, was an
officer in the War of 1812. He rep-
resented the county of Logan in the
Kentucky Legislature, and married
Mrs. Sarah P. Horsley, daughter of
Gen. Samuel Hopkins. Mr. Bibb was
a resident of Frankfort, Ky., for many
years, and died here, aged ninety-five.

Mr. Richard Bibb married a second
time, Mrs. Alice Young Jackson, the
widow of John Jackson, of Woodford
county, Ky. She had no children by
this marriage.

George M. Bibb, the eldest son of
Richard Bibb, was born in Virginia
in 177G. He was reared and educated
at Hampden Sydney college and Wil-
liam and Mary, where he graduated
in 1700, and came with his father to
Kentucky. In the same year he mar«
ried Martha Tabb Scott, daughter of
Gov. Charles Scott. In 1809 he was
appointed Chief Justice of Kentucky,
and resigned in 1815 to go to the Sen-
ate of the United States; and when
he came to Frankfort to live, he was
again elected to the Senate in 1829.
He was chancellor of the first chan-
cery court in Louisville, which posi-
tion he held until he was appointed
Secretary of the Treasury under Pres-
ident Tyler. After his term of office
expired, he resumed the practice of

his profession in Washington City,
where he lived. In deference to his
great age he was allowed to make his
arguments before the Supreme Court
seated. Judge Bibb was one of the
most honored lawyers of his day. He
was appointed, last, Assistant Attor-
ney General in Mr. Filmore's cabinet.

Judge Bibb was a man of dis-
tinguished appearance, and to the end
of his life continued to wear the col-
onial style of dress — knee breeches
and black silk stockings— and we
have now in the family a pair of
diamond knee buckles given him by
the French minister, Mr. Gerenier,
sent to this country by the first Na-
poleon. He died at Washington,
April, 1850. His funeral was attended
by the President and his cabinet, the
Supreme Court and both Houses of
Congress. He had ten children, many
of whom died in early years, and two
daughters by his first marriage, only
one of whom is now living (1896). His
eldest daughter, Frances (my mother),
was married on the 28th of March,
1827, to Albert F. Burnley, of Hanover
county, Virginia. She had three
daughters — Pattie, Harriet (Mrs. Rob-
ert Crittenden), Lucy — and George, a
son, who was killed at Murfreesboro,
Tenn., during the Civil War. Judge
Bibb married, after the death of his
first wife, Mrs. Dyer, of Washington
City. Had three daughters and a son.
Only one daughter survives, Mrs.
Brum, of Baltimore. Md. — (Miss Pat-
tie Burnley, paper read before the
Society of Colonial Daughters, 1896.)

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Crockett,

It gives us great pleasure to pub
lish for the first time tbis valuable
genealogy of the Crockett family, and
the interesting letters of Colonel An-
thony Crockett, who was once a dis-
tinguished citizen of Franklin county,
Kentucky, and his descendants are
among our best citizens to-day. These
papers are contributed to the Regis-
ter by Mrs. Fannie Crockett Frazier,
herself a great granddaughter of Col.
Anthony Crockett. — I Ed. The Register.)

Nicholasville, Ky., April 6, 189S.
Mr. Crockett M. Riddell,

Tacoma, Wash.

Dear Sir: I have yours of March
30th, and will answer your questions
to the best of my ability; or, in other
words, I will give yon the facts as I
received them more than forty years
ago from persons who knew Col. An-
thony Crockett most intimately for
fifty years before he died in Franklin
county in 1838.

He was born in Prince Edward coun-
ty. Va.. January 19, 1756, and married
Margaret Robertson, daughter of
Alexander Robertson, who was from
Augusta county, Virginia, and who
was the son of James Robertson, who
was a native of Scotland, and a first
cousin of Robertson, the historian.

The late George Robertson was a
nephew of Col. Anthony Crockett. He
was one of the greatest lawyers ever
born in Kentucky. Was Chief Justice
of Kentucky for many years, and was
born in Mercer county, Ky., in 1790,
and died in Lexington, Ky.. in 1869.

In 1859 I was in Lexington, Ky., at-
tending the general assembly of the
Presbyterian church. At that day I
met there a gentleman named David
T. Maurey, whose forefathers were
descendants of the French Huguenots,
being driven from France by the or-
ders of Louis XIV in the year 1719. Mr.
Maurey informed me that his mother
was a Crockett before her marriage.
In his letters to me in 1858, he sent
me the following interesting record:

"Anthony Dessasune Crockett was
the son of Gabriel Gustave Crockett;
was born near Montauban, in the
south part of France, July 10, 1648.
In France the name was 'Crockeshaw-
ney,' and was pronounced Crocketaw-
ney. After the family fled to the
north of Ireland, in 1672, the name
was changed to the architectural term
of Crockett. In 1664 the father of
Anthony Dessasune obtained for him
a position in the household troops of
Ix)uis XIV. His fine personal appear-
ance, splendid horsemanship and his
devotion to duty drew at once the at-
tention of the King, who was anxious
to retain him in his service and to
place him as second in command of
the Household Guards. His wife,
Louise DeSaix, whom he married in
1669, bore him the following children:
Gabriel Gustavus was born at Bor-
deaux, October 12, 1672, which was
the year the family was exiled to
France for becoming Protestants. In
1672, after the family became Protes-
tants, they were employed by the La
Fontaines and Maureys as commercial
agents and envoys, and took up their

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residence in the north of Ireland. In
Ireland six children were born. James
Crockett was born November 20, 1674;
Joseph Louis, January 9, 1676; Rob-
ert Watkins, July 18, 1678; Louise
DeSaix, March 15, 1680; Mary Fran-
ces, February 20, 1682; Sarah Eliza-
beth, April 13, 1685.

"James Crockett married an Irish
lady, Miss Martha Montgomery,
daughter of Thomas Montgomery, a
sailor in the English naval service.
Joseph married Sarah Stuart, of Don-
egal, and was the father of ten chil-
dren, six sons and four daughters.
His first child was Joseph Crockett,
Jr., born at Donegal, May 6, 1702;
Thomas Stuart, same city, March 8.
1704; John Crockett, father of Col.
Joseph Crockett, whom you have so
often mentioned in your letters, was
born near Bantryboy, June 10, 1707.
His father, after the death of LouiB
XIV in 1715, revisited France, and
such was the hatred against all Prot-
estants and persons who had changed
their religion that he gathered up all
his friends and settled in the French
colony of New Rochelle, in the colony
of New York. At New Rochelle was
born William Crockett, the first child
of American birth. He was born Au-
gust 10, 1709. The whole family of
Crocketts afterwards left Ireland and
settled in the colony of Virginia about
the year 1716, 1718 and 1719. John
Crockett removed from New Rochelle
and settled in Virginia on the Rapi-
dan river, among the Fontaines, Mau-
rey» and Guerants, in 1718. James
Edwin Crockett was born November
10, 1711 : Jason Rpottswood, Decem-
ber 2, 1713: Elizabeth Lee, June 30,
1715; Martha Ellen, twin, September
10, 1719; Mary Dandridge, August 8.
1720; Sarah Jane, May 9, 1722.

Robert Watkins Crockett, the third
son, married before the family left

Ireland. He married Rachel Watkins,
third cousin, in 1702. Three sons and
two daughters, Rachel Elizabeth, May
1, 1703, Hannah Watkins, June 20,
1705.

John Crockett married Eliza Bou
lay, 1732, taught a school at White
Post Academy in Culpeper county,
Va., and afterwards removed to Al-
bemarle, and was principal of High
School up to the time of his death,
which took place June 9, 1770, five
years before the Revolutionary War.

His first child was a daughter, Eli
za, who was born in Culpeper, and
married James Pryon, of Augusta
county, Va. Sarah was also born in
Culpeper, and married James Cum-
mings, of Rockbridge county. Marv
married Thomas Nicholson, of Albe-
marle. Mr. Nicholson died soon after
his marriage. His widow married
again and settled somewhere on the
Ohio river in Northern Kentucky, but
at what time she settled and the name
of her second husband is now lost,
and the facts can not be found out.
His fourth daughter married Charles
Watkins. and died in Mecklenburg
county, Va., after the close of the
Revolutionary War. Colonel Joseph
Crockett was the eldest son. He was
born in Fairfax county, Va., May 7,
1747, and died in the year 1829. aged
eighty-two years. He was nine years
older than his brother, Anthony
Crockett, who was the youngest son.
He and his brother. Joseph, command-
ed a regiment in the Indian wars un-
der Gen. George Rogers Clark. Jo-
seph Crockett was colonel, and your
grandfather was lien tenant-colonel in
the regiment, and he was elected door-
keeper of the Legislature forty-one
years. Hamilton Crockett died in
Tennessee in 1826. Alexander Crock-
ett died in 1816. William Crockett
died in Tennessee in 1812. They were

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^REGISTER OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

all soldiers in the Revolutionary Wav.
Jason Spottswood Crockett, who was
an uncle of Col. Anthony and Joseph
Crockett, married Margaret Lacey, of
Lancaster county, Pa. He married in
1740, and resided in Pennsylvania
nearly a year and removed to Gran-
ville county, N. C, where he reared
a family of four sons and two daugh-
ters. It is believed he was the grand-
father of the celebrated Davy Crock-
ett, who fell at the siege of the Alamo,
1836.

John Crockett was the son of Jason
Spottswood Crockett. He married
Rebecca Hawkins, who was the moth
er of David Crockett, who was born
in East Tennessee August 17, 1786.
You will learn that the first ancestor
of the Crockett family in the United
States was a Frenchman, and a mem-
ber of the Household Troops of Louis
XIV. He, after serving his term out
in the Household Guards of Louis, re-
trned to Montauban, in the south of
France, and fell in with such Protes-
tants in the south of France as the
La Fontaines, Maureys and the Le-
gres, and was converted by the com-
pany of such worthy men as the Mau-
reys, who had entire control of the
wine and salt trade in the South of
France..

As I am growing very old and fee-
ble, I send you a letter written to
Judge Robertson by your great grand-
father, Anthony Crockett. It was this
letter that gave me the facts in the
sketch I wrote of him ten years ago.
As I have several printed copies of
his letters, I send you this which he
wrote over seventy years ago. When
Judge Robertson died I got hold of
several very interesting old letters he
wrote about the War of 1812. I also
send you the true sketch of Fitzhugh
Lee. When I have to trust to news-
papers I am often deceived, so I wrot*

to Gen. Lee and he stated the facts.
I charge you five dollars for the in-
formation, and as a grandson I hope
you will keep the old letter as long
as you live. Excuse my writing with
a pencil, as I am not in a place where
there is ink. I mail this letter at Am-
brose.

Truly,
SAM'L M. DUNCAN.

P. S. — Ix»t me hear soon.

Letter of Col. Anthony Crockett —

Franklin County, June 19, 1816.
Dear Major: Your interesting let-
ter, dated June the 2d, reached me at
my home in the country several days
ago. I would have answered your let
ter much earlier, but I was thrown
from my horse on Thursday in return-
ing home from Frankfort, and I have
been confined to my bed nearly two
weeksv.

In your interesting letter you re-
quest me to furnish you some facts
and recollections of the battle of Sar-
atoga, which culminated in the sur-
render of General Burgoyne and his
army, October 17, which has been for-
ty years ago. I am now sixty-one
years old and have forgotten many in-
cidents that occurred in the many bat-
tles and skirmishes previous to the
surrender of that proud army of red-
coated wretches, commanded by as
mean and as cruel a tyrant as ever
was born in proud old England. I
can only give you the facts about the
battles and the skirmishes that I saw
and the part I acted.

General Burgoyne, after crossing
the Hudson river, advanced along its
side and encamped on the heights
about two miles from our camp, which
was three miles about Stillwater.

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This movement General Gates at once
discovered was only a bold stroke of
Burgoyne to mislead and deceive the
American army. The rapid advance
of the British General, and especial-
ly his passage of the North river add-
ed much to the impractibility of re-
treat, and this movement of Burgoyne
did not deceive General Gates. Early
on the morning of September 19th,
the skirmish began, and for two hours
both sides were hotly engaged. The
conflict was bloody and severe. After
a pause of ten minutes, it became gen
eral and continued for three hour*
without intermission. Benedict Ar ;
nold, who afterwards turned traitor,
rode up to me and said ''Where is
your Colonel?" I told him that Coi-
onel Morgan will be present in a few
moments; that I was obeying his ol-
der in standing where I was exposed
to the sharp-shooters of the enemy
over two hours. As soon as Arnold
saw Colonel Morgan, he ordered Col
onel Morgan to select two or three
of his best marksmen, and as Arnold
ordered the men to the front line, he
said: "Soldiers, do you see that man
with that red sash and fine three-
cornered hat? That is General Fra
zer. I respect and honor him. but
he is an enemy to American liberty.
Shoot him; it is right to kill all who
are enemies to American liberty." I
saw the brave Briton fall; he was
soon taken from the field and died two
hours after receiving the wound. Jo
seph Campbell, of Fredericksburg,
who belonged to my company, killed
General Frazer. Gen. Frank Clark
was also killed by another member of
my company. Luke Allen shot Clark
by order of General Arnold, who, dur-
mg the battle, showed that he was
one of the bravest men, as well as he
was cruel and overbearing in his bad
disposition. I have often thought of

the reckless bravery of General Ar-
nold in the battle of Saratoga on that
day forty years ago, and to know and
to witness his bravery in defense of
his country and to see that in less than
two years he was to turn traitor and
take a commission in the British ar
my, and go and plunder and rob the
people of his native town in Connec-
ticut. He did the same in Virginia
under Lord Cornwall is and General
Philips, who died in Petersburg (1780),
and was buried there.

On the 7th of October, General Bur-
goyne determined to make one mor^
trial of strength with General Gates.
The advance parties of the two armies
came in contact on Tuesday after-
noon, which was cold and very windy.
Our force soon approached the Brit-
ish army, and each party in defiance
awaited the deadly blow. The regi-
ment of Colonel Morgan that I was in
and Major Dearborn, leading a detach-
ment of infantry, commenced another
severe battle. We rushed on the
British, commanded by Colonel Ack-
land, and our furious attack was firm-
ly resisted. In all places in the field
the fight became extremely hard and
obstinate. An unconquerable spirit
on both sides disdained to give up.
At length our men began to press for
ward with renewed strength and ar-
dour, and compelled the whole British
line, commanded by Burgoyne himself,
to yield to our deadly fire. We ran
them in great disorder. The German
Mercenary stood very firm until one
of our sharp-shooters sent a bullet to
his heart. We ran the Mercenaries
to their camp, taking all their baggage
and several pieces of cannon. I wit-
nessed the surrender of Burgoyne;
more than four thousand red-coated
rascals surrendered on the 17th of
October, 1777, forty years ago. Gen.
Burgoyne was over six feet, dark

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brown hair, large black eyes, and a
mean-looking tyrant.

Come and spend a week with mo
fishing.

Your old soldier-friend,

ANTHONY CROCKETT.

Major Benjamin Netherland,
Nicholasville, Ky.

J*eeond letter —

Near Frankfort, Franklin
County, Ky., April 28, 1826.

My Dear Friend: Your interesting
letter of last week was carefully read
and filed away in my secretary draw-
er. You call my attention in your let-
ter to the reception of General La Fay-
ette in Lexington last April. I re-
member all the incidents of his recep-
tion in Lexington. I was in New
York city when he landed there year
before last (1824). There are few, if
any, examples in history of a young
man who has. assisted, by bis services,
his fortune and his blood, to secure
the independence, liberty and peace of
a foreign and distant people.

Re-visiting the same people after
forty years in the enjoyment of their
freedom, at the invitation of Mr. Mon-
roe, La Fayette reached the city of
New York on August the 15th. He
was accompanied by his son, George
Washington La Fayette, and his
friend, Mr. Le Vassieur. I presume
he is private secretary to General La
Fayette. When the ship arrived in
the harbor of New York, having on
board General La Fayette, there were
more than fifty thousand people all
around the harbor, who received the
General with shouting and cheering
that surpassed anything I ever wit-
nessed. I never expect to see such
a reception again. It was a glorious

night to see such a man as General
La Fayette escorted to his lodging*
by fifty thousand American citizens.
There were over four thousand car-
riages in the procession. After forty
years, he re-visits the country whose
liberties he assisted in winning, and
to witness the fruits of hi® labors,
the blessings of peace and freedom,
and receive the gratitude and homage
of a free people.

It is almost impossible for me to
give you a description of the recep-
tion of General La Fayette in New
York city, and in every other town
which he has visited or through which
he has passed, has been such as be-
came the free citizens of the freest
people on earth, to offer to the first
and the most incorruptible patriot of
the age, and the early and undeviat-
ing friend of our people in their strug
gle for liberty, who had spent his for-
tune and his blood in winning our in-
dependence and liberty. No man ever
received such high honors as La Fay-
ette has in his travels over our coun-
try. It was the homage and grati-
tude of an entire nation, flowing spon-
taneously, the free-will offering of the
heart, a universal impulse which vi-
brated as the pulse of the nation. To
this universal feeling, manifested in a
thousand ways and by the strongest
demonstrations, there is not a soli-
tary discordant voice.

I went, after leaving New York,
where I had sold a hundred head of
cattle, to the city of Washington. I
had the honor of witnessing the recep
tion of General La Fayette by the
members of the United States Senate.
On Friday, December 9th, General La
Fayette entered the Senate Chamber
by the side of John Barbour, chairman
of the Committee of Reception; he was
conducted to a seat on the right of
Mr. Gaillard in the presence of the
senators, all of whom were standing.

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As he entered, Mr. Barbour introduced
him by saying "I present General La
Fayette to the Senate of the United
States^" as he walked to the

President's chair, the President ad
dressed him: "On the part of the Sen-
ate, I invite General La Fayette to be
seated." Then a motion was made
for the Senate to adjourn for the pur-
pose of allowing all the members to
pay their respects to General La Fay-
ette, which was adopted, and every
member rushed up and was intro-
duced to La Fayette and his son. 1
enjoyed sueh a scene with great pleas-
ure, and can say that Caesar never
received a greater honor from the
Senate of Rome.
In the evening I called to pay my

respects to General La Fayette at the
house of Joseph Gales. In forty years
he bad forgotten me, but as soon as
I told him my name and my helping
him when wounded at Brandywine, he
shed tears and shook my hands with
great emotion. I invited him to visit
Lexington, which was the first invita-
tion he received, and which I made
public through you and the newspa-
pers.

Present my compliments to Mrs.
Desha, also to Col. Garrard.

Your obt. servant,

ANTHONY CROCKETT.

Joseph Desha,

Frankfort, Kentucky.

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Dudley.

By Mra. M»ry Dudley Aldrldge.

Dudley — Garrard— Talbot.

I shall write of some of the inci
dents of the early settlement of this
State (Kentucky), as well as of my
progenitors, who emigrated to this
country from England at an early day
and settled in Spottsylvania county,
Virginia. After taking part in the
Revolutionary War, they came to this,
then wild Western country, a vast
wilderness inhabited by wild beasts
and savage Indians, to begin a life of
toil, hardship and constant danger.

Many parties of men had come in
those early days, establishing stations
or forts in which to protect their fam-
ilies while they were engaged in build-
ing rude log cabins, felling the forest
and opening the farms that have
since been made to blossom as the
rose.

In 1780, a small party of men, pass-
ing from Bryan's Station, one of the
early settlements, on their way to
Mann's Lick to procure a supply of
salt, camped on the bank of Kentucky
river where Frankfort now stands.
They were attacked by a party of In-
dians, some were wounded, and one
man, named Frank, was killed, and
to that circumstance, it is said, our
town is indebted for its name.

About this time (1780), ten Dudley
brothers came from Virginia, locating
near Bryan's Station. Several of
these Dudleys took an active part in
the War of 1812, during which time

they suffered every hardship and dan-
ger incident to Indian warfare, to
which must be added the severity of
northern winters, with little food,
few clothes and forced marches
through a wild and inhospitable coun-
try, surrounded on all sides by a
treacherous and relentless savage foe.

Col. Wm. Dudley was killed at the
battle of river Raisin, Capt. Peter
Dudley wounded, and his brother.
Thomas P. Dudley, captured by the
Indians, but soon afterwards ex-
changed through the influence of a
British officer. He carried a bullet
in his body until near the time of his
death, at the age of ninety-three
years. He and his father, Ambrose
Dudley, Sr., had charge of the Bap-
tist church at Bryan's Station for one
hundred consecutive years. These
Dudleys, as well as many other good
and brave men, left Virginia on ac-
count of religious persecution. My
great grandfather, Ambrose Dudley,
is said to have been converted to the
Baptist faith from hearing prisoners
singing hymns from the windows of
the prison where they were incarcer-
ated on account of their religious be-
lief.

My father, Ambrose W. Dudley,
came to Frankfort from Lexington
when it was a much smaller town than
now. Having married Eliza Garrard
Talbot, he spent the greater part of
his life here, helping in many ways to
improve the town, and at the time of

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his death had been president of the
Branch Bank of Kentucky for thirty
years. His early home here was on
a hill called "Belleview," where there
was a quaint old house surrounded by
a beautiful garden, grand old trees
and grander scenery, where seven
children were born and whiled away
the happy hours of childhood from
day to day. This place is now our
beautiful cemetery, sold for that pur-
pose by my father, it having been in-
herited from my grandfather, Isham
Talbot. This sacred spot is now hal-
lowed ground, so loved by all, where
sleep our dearest friends and loved
ones, our statesmen, soldiers and that
grand old pioneer, Daniel Boone.

Going back to the Dudley family,
we trace them to Dudo Castle, Staf-
fordshire, England, A. D. 700, many
of them prominent in war and states-
manship. Among them, Ambrose
Dudley, Karl of Warwick, and John
Dudley, Duke of Northumberland.

Daniel Boone looked upon the Ohio
river for the first time in May, 1776;
continuing his wanderings from that
point, he finally settled at a station
and erected a fort on the west bank
of Kentucky river, called then Squire
Boone's Station, now known as Boons-
boro.

Though Kentucky was separated
from Virginia, the mother State, by
500 miles of unbroken wilderness, a
stream of immigrants continued to
pour into the various settlements.

Several conventions were held,
courts of justice for the preservation
of law and order were established,
and measures taken looking to the ul-
timate admission of Kentucky into the
Union, which was accomplished by an
act of Congress, passed June 1, 1792.

Our first Governor was Gen. Isaac-
Shelby, who took the oath of office
June 4, 1792. The second Governor
of Kentucky was James Garrard, who
was first elected in 1796, and served
two terms. He being my great grand-
father, I will add some particulars of
his life. As there was no State-house
then built, the large frame house
owned by Maj. James Love was used
for several years, in which the Legis-
lature met. That house was the first
hotel (or tavern) ever built in Frank-
fort, and was made more noted for
being the place where Aaron Burr is
said to have formed his conspiracy,
and where, when he was acquitted, a
ball was given in his honor.

The Governor first occupied a house
which stood opposite the Capital Ho-
tel, long since pulled down, the ex-
ecutive mansion of to-day h-iving been
built during the term of the second
Governor. His wife's name was Eliza-
beth Montjoy. Since Frankfort was
first made the capital of the State, no
less than eight different houses have
been used as State-houses, and we all
know another is much needed now.

Governor Garrard was of a Hugue-
not family. Leaving France, they lo-
cated in England then coming to this
country, they settled in Virginia. He,
after taking part as captain in the
Revolutionary War, afterward re-
moved to this wild, unsettled
country, locating on a 3,000-acre
tract of land near where Paris
now stands. His house is still
in existence, and occupied by his des-
cendants to-day, was built of stone
by Thomas Metcalfe, who was after-
wards the tenth Governor of Ken-
tucky. There the first court of Bour-
bon county was held, and during its
session the prices of various commod-
ities were fixed as follows: Whisky,

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per gallon, ten shillings; rum and
wine, per gallon, twenty-four shill-
ings; warm dinner, 1 shilling six
pence; cold dinner, one shilling;
breakfast with coffee, tea or choco-
late, three pence; lodging, with clean
sheets, six pence.

Among the early statesmen of Ken-
tucky was my grandfather, Isham
Talbot. Mathew Talbot, his grand-
father came to America from England
and settled in Bedford county, Vir-
ginia. Several of his sons, after serv-
ing in the Revolutionary War, came
to Kentucky. From 1812 to 1815 Is-
ham Talbot served in the State Sen-
ate, then was appointed a United
States senater, and after filling out
this term, was elected to a second
term. Many of his ancestors served
in the wars of England, among them
Sir John Talbot, who, while fighting
against the French, headed by Joan
of Arc, was taken prisoner at the
Battle of Orleans, and was after-
wards, in recognition of his brave and
gallant services, created Earl of
Shrewsbury, during the reign of Hen-
ry VI.

We are all proud of our forefathers,
especially so of those brave and noble
pioneers, who, literally taking their
lives in their hands, endured all the
hardships and braved all the dangers
of a life in the wilderness that they
might leave so fair an inheritage to
their posterity, and in loving remem-
brance of them we fondly cling
through life to our beloved little city
among the hills, thinking, as Gen. La-
Fayette once said of it, 'Tis the
loveliest spot on earth."

Note. — Colonel Ambrose Dudley
and his wife, Eliza Garrard Talbot,
had a number of children who were
born and reared at their elegant coun-
try seat, which is now almost within
the city limits, and is owned by Mrs.
William Dudley, widow of the second
son, William Dudley. Mrs. Mary Dud
ley Aldridge, City; Mrs. Annie Smith,
of Arkansas, and Mrs. Maria Win
ston, both deceased, were the daugh-
ters. These ladies were among the
most conspicuously lovely and intelli-
gent Christian women of the society
of Frankfort, and Mrs. Aldridge con-
tinues to hold her position as such,
and is greatly beloved by her kindred
and friends— (Ed. Register.)

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Reunion of the JilVes Tribe.

In September of 1901, in the historic
city of Henderson, the rare event in
genealogical and historical annals
given below took place. The follow-
ing description from a Henderson
newspaper will be read with interest
everywhere. And perhaps it may sug-
gest the listing of other families in
Kentucky in like manner. — (Ed. The
Register.)

A most delightful reunion of one
of Henderson county's ancestral fam
iliea, the Alves family, was held at the
suburban home of Mr. William L.
Alves. The Alves family were among
the pioneers of this county, and have
occupied important positions and
prominent parts in her history and her
business affairs. The descendants of
the Alves family and their connec-
tions by marriage met Thursday in
joyful reunion at the hospitable homo
above mentioned. The affair was
mainly projected by Mr. William L.
Alves, and assisted by others was su-
perbly carried out.

The grounds or site where this fes-
tive event was given was on a high
bluff shaded by large forest trees
overlooking the Ohio river, making
quite a beautiful view. Under these
spreading awnings of nature the
groaning tables of good things were
spread, and the pavilion for dancing
was constructed. This pavilion was
about one hundred by fifty feet, and
was most artistically adorned by the
younger members of the Alves family,

with evergreens and golden rod, to-
gether with other autumn vegetation
of beauteous colors. At evening the
pavilion was lighted with Japanese
lantern* and the "jack o' lanterns"
made from the pumpkin.

The tables were decorated with
roses, golden rod and evergreens.
There was an upright piece in the cen-
ter which was the feature of the table
decorations, it being a large '*A M
(which stands for Alves) composed of
golden rod and evergreens.

The scene was. one of reminiscent
jollity. The older members lingered
under the shades and talked over the
"Days of Old Lang Syne," while the
younger and more active ones assist-
ed in the preparation of the elegaiu
meal soon to be served, or indulged
in dancing and social conversation.
This happy meet was made complete
with the interspersed selection from
Huhlein's orchestra, and the singing
of a number of much complimented
selections by Messrs. Melton, Andrea,
Davis and others who compose the Y.
M. 0. A. quartette.

The oldest member of the Alves
family at this reunion was Mr. Walter
A. Towles, aged seventy-six years, and
the youngest was little Annie Barnard
Redman, the daughter of Dr. W. F.
and Mrs. Mary Alves Redman. An
interesting picture was made by the
photographer of Mr. Towles holding
Annie Barnard in his arms. A photo
was also taken of the entire family
group at dinner.

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The lengthy tables were twice full
of guests for dinner. It was a most
splendidly barbeeued dinner, compos-
ed of mutton, shoat, beef and chicken,
together with pickles, slaw, tomatoes,
potato salad, coffee and other elegant
and toothsome edibles. This repast
was terminated with the serving of
Pargny's most delicious and refresh-
ing ice cream.

In the afternoon the gentlemen pres-
ent indulged in the interesting sport

of cfliooting at clay pigeons thrown
from a trap.

Last evening the younger members
of the A ivrs family, with their in-
vited guests^ spent a most pleasant
evening in dancing in the pavilion de-
signed especially for that purpose.

All in all it was an event to be re-
membered by the members of this in-
fluential family, and by those who
partook of the unstinted hospitality
of the occasion.

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'BOOK AND MAGAZINE NOTICES.

The New England Historical and
Genealogical Register for January,
1903, comes to us full of genealogies
and interesting matter concerning da-
ta of church and court. Especially
interesting are the articles, "Our
Engli h Parent Towns" and the sketch
of Russell Smith Taft, LL. D. This
magazine is one of the oldest and best
magazines of its order in America.

We tender thanks to "Editor and
Publisher" for its handsome notice of
the Register of Kentucky Historical
Society. The Christmas number of
this New York monthly is very beau-
tiful, and abounds in pithy articles
on all literary subjects.

The "West Virginia Historical Mag
azine" is always welcome, and is al-
ways full of interesting articles to
Kentucky readers. It represents a
large and intelligent historical soci-
ety.

"The Washingtonian" magazine of
the historical society of our newest
State — Washington — is one of the
handsomest magazines of the many
handsome ones of the Western States.
It has the freshness and odor of the
wood and plain, and is full of the in-
spiration of hope and the ambitions
of the young. Evidently they will
make a history, happily free from the
bloody records of the older States.
We congratulate the editors and writ-
ers of "The Washingtonian."

The "Chaperone Magazine," St. Lou
is, Mo., is a very pretty monthly, de-
voted to the many topics that inter-
est society at large. It is beautifully
illustrated.

"The Magazine of Mysteries" is a
monthly devoted to religion and the
sciences — new in style, it is attract-
ive and interesting.

Among the daintiest and prettiest
calendars for 1903 is the D. A. R. cal-
endar, of the Bryan Station Chapter
of the D. A. R., at Lexington, Ky. It
is a souvenir, well worth preserving,
of this most famous chapter of this
society in Kentucky.

"Concerning the Forefathers — Col.
John Johnston, Col. Robert Patter-
son," by Charlotte Reeve Conover,
Dayton, Ohio. W T e have received the
prospectus for this book, and can as-
sure the public it is a book well worth
reading. Col. Robert Patterson is so
identified with the early history of
Kentucky that a biography of him
would interest every Kentuckian.
He came with the Steeles and Lind-
says to Kentucky from Pennsylvania,
and with them endured the hardships
and dangers of border warfare here.
Collins, in his "History of Kentucky."
places Robert Patterson among the
noblest of our pioneers. Says the
prospectus: "Col. Robert Patterson
founded Lexington, Kentucky, and.
with two others, laid out the original

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"REGISTER OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

plan of Cincinnati, one third of which
belonged to him. He was prominent
in securing statehood for Kentucky,
and assisted largely in the best life
and growth of that part of the State
in and about Lexington. He fought
at the Battle of Blue Licks and had
his life saved by Aaron Reynolds. He
fought in the Illinois campaign under

George Rogers Clark, and in the In-
diana campaigns under Clark, Bow-
man and Logan." This book will be
of special interest to families bearing
the names of Patterson, Venable,
Caldwell, Steele, Lindsay and Ander-
son in Kentucky. Address, Charlotte
Reeve Conover, Dayton, Ohio.

Fine Showing of State Finances.

Auditor Coulter yesterday, upon
balancing the State's books at the
beginning of the new year, gave out a
statement which shows an exceeding-
ly healthy condition of the State's
financial condition.

There is now on deposit in the va-
rious depositories, to the credit of the
State, a balance of $1,114,596. This

balance is on hand in spite of the fact
that the money paid out in the year
just closed exceeded the previous year
by |118,000. The cost of the legisla-
tive session was f 92,000, and a like
sum was refunded to Stale and Na-
tional banks as excess of taxes paid
in by them and held by the courts to
have been illegally collected.

The demand for the "Reports from
the Kentucky State Historical Soci-
ety" has exhausted the first edition,
and we therefore subjoin the pamphlet

to the Register, that in this initial
number of the magazine its readers
may have the history of the Society
and its work.

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REPORTS FROM

The Kentucky State Historical Society,

From Its Reorganisation, October 6, 1896,
To October 4, 1902,

MRS JENNIE C. MORTON. Secretary.
Frankfort. Ky.

The history of Kentucky, properly
speaking, begins with the advent of
Daniel Boone in its wilderness in
1769; hence, upon the face of the first
booklet of the Kentucky State His-
torical Society we find

June 7th, 1769-1881.

This pretty pamphlet gave the "Pro-
ceedings at the dedication of the
rooms, set apart by the State, in the
executive building of the Capitol, on
June 7, 1881." This society was
founded in 1839-40 (see House Jour-
nal, 1839-40). Its existence was pre-
carious through all the decades until
it was reorganized in 1878 by a num-
ber of the most prominent men in the
State at that time. They met in a
regularly organized body in 1879 and
elected their officers to look to the
permanent founding of a society in
Daniel Boone's honor, which should
embody the history of Kentucky in
all its varied departments and inter*
ests. This society was to meet on
the 7th of June annually "to com
memorate the discovery by Daniel
Boone of the beautiful level of Ken-
tucky." This done, it started out
equipped with historical literature

and officered by cultured and compe-
tent men and women. Being a depart-
ment of the State under its charter,
secured and held sacred, it was hoped
all the dangers and difficulties of its
predecessor were avoided, and inter-
est in the history of the State of which
all Kentuckians felt a pride, would
insure its success. But the changes
in the times and removals by death
and distance of its members, from year
to year, brought about a suspension
of its stated meetings in Governor
Buckner's administration.

By its charter it could not be le-
gally abolished. Hence the society of
Colonial Daughters, a patriotic organ-
ization of the Capital, determined to
revive it and restore its historical
treasures to the rooms. Accordingly,
they consulted with the Governor,
Wm. O. Bradley who heartily ap
proved the patriotic measure and or-
dered the rooms to be given up to
them. With the aid of prominent
members of the Kentucky Historical
Society in the city and State, they
met in the historical rooms on the 6th
of October, 1896, and re-established
the State Historical Society. The fol-
lowing gives the proceedings:

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The secretary has kept in inind the
time when these publications might
be called for in pamphlet form, so
they have been preserved in the order
iu which they came as reports in Feb-
ruary, June and October from the
Kentucky State Historical Society,
from October 6, 1806, to October 4,
1902. The suggestions and remarks
upon the progress of the work of re-
storing to the State this valuable so-
ciety have only in a few places been
included here, but there is enough to
show the patriotism and fidelity of the
members who planned the undertak-
ing and won the merited success at-
tending it.

The petition, signed by the Frank-
fort Colonial Daughters, Mrs. Jennie
C. Morton, registrar, was gracefully
presented in the House on Thursday
last by Hon. John A. Steele, of Wood-
ford county.

Mr. Steele was one of the charter
members of the now suspended Ken-
tucky Historical Society, and is in
sympathy with the Colonial Daugh-
ters in their effort to have that society
restored to the State, and its treas-
ures gathered and preserved in the
spacious Historical rooms, set apart
for this purpose, by a former Legisla-
ture of Kentucky. The petition was
appropriately referred. — Legislature,
1896.

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

This once famous society has been
reorganized under the auspices of the
Frankfort Colonial Daughters, and
will have an opening on October 6th
in their old quarters in the third
story of the executive building. The
following circular has been issued:

"The opening of the Kentucky His-

torical Society will be appropriately
celebrated at the Capitol, in its for-
mer elegant rooms, on the 6th of Oc-
tober. A committee of the Society of
Colonial Daughters will assist Miss
Guy and Mr. C. B. Willis, the State
Librarian, in the arrangement of the
rooms and hanging of pictures,
placing of exhibits, etc. A suitable
program will be prepared lor the 6th
of October to make this occasion (the
hundred and tenth birthday of Frank-
fort) a pleasing and notable one on
the State House Square. For any in-
formation address Mrs. Jennie C.
Morton, Registrar of Frankfort So-
ciety of Colonial Daughters. News-
papers throughout the State will
please republish this notice for the
benefit of members of the Kentucky
Historical Society, whose names and
addresses have been mislaid, and who
may wish to attend the re-opening.''

SIXTH OF OCTOBER, 1896.

The re-opening of the historical
rooms at the Capitol to-day was one of
the most interesting events in the
history of the city. The program was
as follows:

Prayer by the Rev. Mr. Taylor, of
the Baptist church, the Colonial
Daughters uniting with him in con-
clusion by repeating the Lord's
Prayer.

Address by the Hon. Ira Julian,
mayor of the city.

"America," by the audience, led by
Mr. S. A. Bull. A letter from the his-
torian, George W. Ranck, to the Col-
onial Daughters, read by Mrs. Jennie
C. Morton, the registrar. Addressed
by Col. John L. Scott upon the re-
opening of the great Historical Reg-
ister used at the Centennial in 1886.
Signing of the names while the bells

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of the city rang the 110th anniver-
sary of Frankfort.

Mrs. Morton, as Registrar of the
Society of Colonial Daughters, pre-
sided over the meeting.

The address of Mr. Julian was an
admirable extemporaneous effort, in
which he used paragraphs from the
history of Lexington, by George W.
Ranck. It was a happy incident, that
of his letter just received by the Col-
onial Daughters, in which he says:
"Hoping that Frankfort's 110th birth-
day will become notable as the date
of a strong effort in this line and that
the Kentucky Historical Society will
be crowned with success in all its la
bors to remove this long-standing
cause of mortification."

The signing of the names was a
novelty all participated in. The rooms
were handsomely decorated and pre-
sented a magnificent appearance —
dressed in autumn foliage and splendid
flowers. The portraits are hung again
on the walls and the many valuable
paintings and souvenirs were exhibit-
ed with taste. The Colonial Daugh-
ters are everywhere congratulated up-
on their splendid success, and the re-
vival of the Historical Society under
their efficient and powerful influence
is an assured thing in the near future.

FINAL RE ORGANIZATION.
(Communicated.)

There will be a final re-organization
of the Kentucky Historical Society on
the 11th of February, 1897, when, ac-
cording to its constitution, on Daniel
Boone's birthday the Governor shall
call a business meeting. Then its of-
ficers will be elected, and the society,
it is hoped, will be placed upon a firm
basis, with the persistent purpose of
its members to preserve and maintain
it. The re-opening of the rooms is

due to the beautiful courtesy of Mr.
Lester, who withdrew from them, and
took rooms below, more convenient
for him. Also to the kindness of Hon.
Ed. Porter Thompson, ex-Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction, to
whom the keys of the handsome case
of souvenirs were intrusted some
years ago. Under the superintend-
ence of the Colonial Daughters every-
thing has undergone a thorough clean-
ing, and the property thus rescued
from dust and neglect, presents an
elegant and interesting appearance
under the glass cases. Though many
things have been recalled by the own-
ers, there is enough left to fill the
shelves.

RE-ORGANIZED STATE HISTORI-
CAL SOCIETY.

BELLS RING.

The Kentucky Historical Society,
under the auspices of the Society of
Colonial Daughters, of this city, met
at their rooms in the State House on
Tuesday last, at 10 o'clock.

Hon. Ira Julian and Col. John L.
Scott delivered appropriate addresses,
which were heartily enjoyed. Mrs.
Jennie C. Morton, registrar of the so-
ciety, read a letter of regret from
Hon. Geo. W. Ranck, the Kentucky
historian. At 12 o'clock m., the bells
of the city were rung to announce
the 110th anniversary of Frankfort
and the fact the society was re-organ-
ized and the rooms re-opened. Alto-
gether the whole affair was a delight-
ful success and the ladies deserve
gieat credit for their persistent work
to that end.

Prayer by Rev. Mr. Taylor, of the
Baptist church, the Colonial Daugh-
ters uniting with him in conclusion by
repeating the Lord's Prayer.

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Address by the Hon. Ira Julian,
mayor of the city.

"America," by the aadience, led by
Mr. S. C. Bull. A letter from the his-
torian, Geo. W. Ranck, to the Colon-
ial Daughters, read by Mrs. Jennie
C. Morton, the registrar. Address
by Col. John L. Scott upon the re-
opening of the great Historical Reg-
ister used at the Centennial in 1886.
Signing of the names while the bells
of the city rang the 110th anniversary
of Frankfort.

Mrs. Morton, as Registrar of the
Society of Colonial Daughters, presid-
ed over the meeting.

The address of Mr. Julian was an
admirable extemporaneous effort, in
which he used paragraphs from the
history of Lexington, by George W.
Ranck. It was a happy incident, that
of his letter just received by the Col-
onial ltaughters, in which he says:
• Hoping that Frankfort's 110th birth-
day will become notable as the date
of a strong effort in this line, and
that the Kentucky Historical Society
will be crowned with success in all
its labors to remove this long-stand-
ing cause of mortification."

The signing of the names was a
novelty all participated in. The rooms
were handsomely decorated and pre-
sented a magnificent appearance —
dressed in autumn foliage and splen-
did flowers. The portraits are hung
again on the walls, and the many val-
uable and beautiful souvenirs were
exhibited.

The Colonial Daughters are every-
where congratulated upon their splen-
did success, and the revival of the
Historical Society under their effi-
cient and powerful influence is an as-
sured thing in the near future.

KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCI
ETY.

The following paper was read be-
fore a meeting of the Colonial Daugh-
ters, held on Thursday, February 11,
1897, by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton:

"Upon consultation witli resident
members of the Kentucky society it
was thought best to postpone the
February meeting at the rooms of the
Historical Society until June, when
a larger attendance will be secured,
and thereafter the society will meet
in June every year. Until a fund suf-
ficient can be secured by subscription
and membership fees, the society can
not be conducted successfully. The
Colonial Daughters, however patriot-
ic and generous, can not undertake
to run the Kentucky Historical So-
ciety. They have attained one object
of their organization. They have re-
stored to the protection of the State
the 'Kentucky Historical Society,' and
placed its treasures in art and liter-
ature, souvenirs and relics where they
may be seen, and secured for its
rooms the oversight of the librarian.
Interest in the society has been awak
ened throughout the State and
throughout the United States, as
evinced in the newspapers sent, and
letters from strangers and citizens
relative to membership, received from
time to time. Let us hope that Ken-

tuckians will everywhere willingly
contribute their influence and their
money to promote the success of the
Kentucky Historical Society. It re-
mains with them to make it in inter-
est and wealth the equal of any his-
torical society in America."

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INTERESTING PROCEEDINGS OF
THE KENTUCKY HISTORI-
CAL SOCIETY.

June 7, 1897.

The annual meeting of the Ken-
tucky Historical Society took place in
its rooms at the Capitol June 7th, at
11 o'clock a. m.

The Governor of Kentucky, by the
constitution of the society, is always
president ex-offlcio.

A majority of the members being
present, the election of officers re-
sulted as follows:

Vice-Presidents — Hon. John A.
Steele, Hon. Grant Green, Sr., Miss
Sallie Jackson.

Recording Secretary and Treasurer
— Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

Curator — Mrs. John E. Miles.

Librarian Ex Officio— Mrs. William
Cromwell.

Honorary Vice-President — Mrs.
Cornelia Bush, first librarian of the
society.

Executive Committee — Dr. U. V.
Williams, Gen. Fayette Hewitt, Mrs.
Eliza Brown Bailey, Miss Eliza Over
ton. Walter Chapman, chairman of
the committee.

After the election of the officers,
Mr. P. Fall Taylor, secretary of the
meeting, prepared the minutes. Hon.
John Andrew Steele, with other offi-
cers and members of the society, en-
tered the audience room, where he
delivered a brief address of thanks
and congratulation upon the work of
the Colonial Daughters of Frankfort
in restoring the rooms and augment-
ing the interest felt in the Historical
Society of Kentucky.

Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, registrar and
founder of the society of Colonial

Daughters, then presented the Colon-
ial and Revolutionary History in man-
uscripts of the founders and promo-
ters of the city of Frankfort, to the
Kentucky Historical Society, written
by the Colonial Daughters.

She also read, by request, her trib-
ute to Mrs. Thomas L. Jones, late of
Newport, Ky., who for many years
was President of the Ladies' Branch
of this society.

That distinguished lady until death,
was one of its most faithful and gen-
erous contributors.

Miss Eliza Overton presented, in
the name of Mrs. Brent Arnold, of
Cincinnati, a handsome picture of her
mother, Mrs. T. L. Jones, to the so-
ciety.

There was also the letter of Gover-
nor Luke P. Blackburn found on file,
donating his picture of Theodore
O'Hara to the society, which, during
his term, Governor Blackburn had
hung in his parlor, until it became a
familiar face to all visitors at the
Mansion.

There are many valuable portraits
and historic pictures decorating the
walls, and pretty pieces of old-fash-
ioned china in the cases.

There are valuable scrap-books with
the early history of the State in
them, and many volumes of valuable
literature. Such is the fascination
of the room that one could linger in
it all day and still leave much unseen
that is worthy of examination and
patriotic pride in the rare collection.

The rooms were beautifully decor-
ated with flowers and plants.

Mr. W. T. Gorham presented a pow-
der horn used in the Revolutionary
War by his grandfather, John Gor-
ham. It was properly labeled and
placed in the case of historic souve-
nirs, and Mr. W. T. Gorham was made
an honorary member of the society.

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Mr. Taylor then read the minutes of
the business meeting of the society.

Hon. John A. Steele adjourned the
Society to convene on the 11th of
February, 1898, at its regular semi-
annual session.

The Executive Committee will meet
quarterly at the Capitol.

Names of the new members of the
Kentucky Historical Society:

Hon. M. C. Swinford, Cynthian&»
Ky.; Hon. P. J. Poree, Shelby ville,
Ky.; Hon. Richard H. Stoll, Lexing-
ton, Ky.; Dr. U. V. Williams, Prank-
fort, Ky.; Mrs. Emily Walker Herr,
I^exington, Ky.; Mrs. Ellen A. Con-
way, Elliott City, Md., formerly of
Lexington, Ky.; Frank Kavanaugh,
Frankfort, Ky.; Assistant Librarian
Willis, Frankfort, Ky.; Hubble Chinn,
Bourbon county, Ky.; Harry C. Chinn,
Bourbon county, Ky.; Birket Chinn,
Bourbon county, Ky.; H. H. Chinn,
Bourbon county, Ky.; Dr. Higgins
Chinn Smith, Cyntbiana, Ky.; Agnes
Ball Smith, Cynthiana, Ky.; Philip
Fall Taylor, Frankfort, Ky.; Clement
B. Chinn, M. D., Frankfort, Ky.;
Frank Chinn, Esq., Frankfort, Ky.;
John T. Green, Frankfort, Ky.; A. O.
Reynolds, Frankfort, Ky.

The following paper, entitled "The
Late Hon. Mrs. T. L. Jones," was then
read by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton:

It is now nearly twenty years since
this society was organized and for-
mally met, in these then new and ele-
gant rooms at the Capitol. From its
founding to that day on the 7th of
June, 1881, when the society as a
whole held its meeting here, Mrs.
Thomas L. Jones, the President of the
Woman's Branch of the Society, was
one of the most enthusiastic and effi-
cient members of the Historical So-
ciety. She had its success and per-
manency at heart, and she proved her
love and her faith by her works.

Coming as she did from an ancestry
distinguished for its patriotism, and

its illustrious services in the Revolu-
tion and in the war with Great Brit-
ain in 1812, and with Mexico in 1845,
she was well fitted for her position as
a leader in this movemeut to com-
memorate the history of the brave
men and women of Kentucky.

In her modest and intelligent re
sponse that day, after making her re-
port before the society and pointing
out the articles of value and souve-
nirs she had contributed, she said:

"To men it properly appertains to
judge the thoughts and deeds of their
fellow-men; theirs be the task to com-
pile the histories of statesmen, but to
treat of woman it needs the tender
hand of her own sex; ours, therefore,
the task to celebrate the women of
Kentucky."

In her honor we, the ladies of the
Historical Society, would perpetuate
her memory by cherishing this object
of her bounty and affectionate regard,
now that her gifted and generous
bands are folded forever and she can
never more move around us in her
queenly grace, encouraging every ef-
fort made for success in storing the
rooms with valuable historic memen-
toes and assisting with her taste and
suggestions and her wealth. Like
Tabitha, her works are her tributes of
praise. Everywhere may be seen her
generosity, and almost, if not alto-
gether, "present her alive." The cases
and the walls are filled with rare
and beantifnl things that she deprived
her own library of, that the Histori-
cal Rooms should lie appropriately
furnished and decorated with histor-
ical souvenirs, books and 1 portraits.

These gifts are held in sacred trust
by the State, and thus her patriotic
benevolence will kepp her beautiful
memory in all our hearts green and
fragrant forever as the redars on the
seven hills around the Capital.

JENNIE C. MORTON.

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<>5

All the Colonial Daughters were
made honorary members of the His-
torical Society. Following is a com-
plete list of the chapters contributed
together with the names of the differ-
ent writers:

Aldridge — By Mrs. Mary D. Ald-
ridge.

Ball, Bradford, Brady, Boone, Bry-
an — By Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

Bacon— By Mrs. Jouett James.

Bibb (Judge)— By Miss Lucy Burn-
ley.

Brows — By Mrs. Margaretta Brown
Barrett.

Bell and Steele— By Mrs. Jennie C.
Morton.

Ohinn — By Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.
Dudleys — By Mrs. Mary D. Ald-
ridge.

Edmonson and James — By Mrs.
Sarah Ellen James Chesney.

Fall— By Mrs. Bettie Fall Taylor.

Green and Overtons — By Mrs. Kate
O. Green.

Humphrey** — By Mrs. Margaretta
Brown Barrett.

Haggin — By Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

Innis — By Mrs. Mary Willis Wood-
son.

Jackson — By Miss Bailie Jackson.
Julians — By Miss Hallie Herndon.
Keiths — By Mrs. Annie Hawkins
Miles.

Lee Family— By Mrs. Mary Willis
Woodson.

Mason — By Mrs. Margaretta Brown
Barrett.

McAfees and Marshal Is — By Mrs.
Mary Willis Woodson.

Overtons — By Miss Eliza Overton.

Renicks — By Mrs. Mary Willis
Woodson.

Taylors — By Mrs. Jouett James.

Stray Books— By Mrs. Jas. M. Todd.

Steeles — By Mrs. Mary Willis
Woodson.

Strothers — By Mrs. Anni.? H. Miles.

Sketch of Henry Clay— By Mrs. El-
len A. Chinn Conway.

Scott (Gov. Chas. S.)— By Miss Pat-
tie Burnley.

Upshaw and Lafon — By Miss Sal lie
Jackson.

Young — By Miss Sal lie Jackson.

Souvenirs — By Mrs. Sallie Z. Meek.

MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE OF THE KEN-
TUCKY HISTORICAL
SOCIETY.

February 7, 1898.

The secretary and treasurer made
the report given below. Approved.

The proposition to have a portrait
of General James Wilkinson placed in
the Historical Room was discussed
and approved.

Also the proposition to publish, in
June, the proceedings of the Histori-
cal Society in pamphlet since its re-
organization, 7th of June, 1897, was
adopted.

Arrangements and preparations for
it referred to the Secretary.

An old letter of General Wilkin-
son's to General James Taylor, of
Newport, Ky., dated Philadelphia, Oct.
1815, was read. After the reading,
the Committee adjourned.

JENNIE C. MORTON,

Secretary and Treasurer Kentucky
Historical Society.

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

Received— Newspapers :— The New
Era, The Farmer's Home Journal, The
Kentucky Journal, The Western Ar-
gus, The Roundabout, The Constitu-
tionalist, The Frankfort Ledger.

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The Kentucky Law Reporter, from
McMillan & Co., Pamphlet. Dress and
Ornaments of Certain American In
dians, by Lucien Carr; Circular of the
Denver, Colorado, Historical Society;
Biennial Report of the Illinois His-
torical Library; Smithsonian Report,
Washington, D. C; The Hesperian.
St. Louis; Thirteenth Annual Report
of the Maine Genealogical Society.
Portland; Smithsonian Collections,
Washington, D. C; Prospectus Bal
lads and Poems, Charles Wells Moul
ton, Buffalo, New York; Proceedings
of the United States National Muse-
um, Vol. 19, Washington, D. C; Pros-
pectus, The Dolmans of Ireland, Cov
ent Garden, London; The Waste Bas-
ket, Detroit, Michigan; In Meraoriam
of Baron Sir Ferdiuand Von Mueller,
Victoria, Canada; Prospectus, The
Book of the Sacred Magic of A. B.
Ra., Melin the Magi, London Charing
Cross.

DONATIONS.

One pitcher, by .

Brussels rug, by F. Heeney, Broad-
way street. Frankfort, Ky.

A quilt of patchwork and Kensing-
ton embroidery, more than a century
old, made by Mrs. Nicholas Lafon,
grandmother of Mrs. J. A. Crittenden
and Miss Sallie Jackson, and great-
grandmother of Mrs. Mary C. Hay-
craft, by whom it is loaned to the
Kentucky Historical Society.

NEW MEMBERS.

Mrs. Judith L. Marshall, Chicago,
111.; Edward C. Marshall, New York
City, formerly of Louisville, Ky.; Mrs.
W. W. Longmoor, Mr. W. W. Long-
moor, John E. Miles. Frankfort, Ky.

ATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

MEETING OF THE KENTUCKY
HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The Kentucky Historical Society
will meet Tuesday, June 7th, at the
Capitol, where the following program
will be carried out:

Meeting called to order by the Pres-
ident.

Prayer by Rev. Dr. Means, M. E.
Choirch South.

Address by Col. Fred H. Roberts,
History, etc.

Remarks by Rev. Dr. Means.

"America" — Leader of the choir,
Mr. 8. C. Bull, the audience uniting
in the singing of the patriotic hymn.

All the members of the society are
requested to be present. The public,
press and State officials are invited
to be present.

After the close of the meeting, at
12 o'clock, the members of the Ken-
tucky Historical Society, are invited
to take the electric cars at the corner
of Main and St. Clair streets, oppo-
site the Capitol, to visit the histor-
ical places along its route:

"Glen Willis," surveyed by Han-
cock Lee, for the Capital of Ken-
tucky, in 1774 as Lecstown. He gave
this land (1793) to his nephew, Wil-
lis Atwell Lee. He writes in the
deed of that one acre, "For the love
and affection I bear my nephew, Wil-
lis Atwell Lee, and in consideration
of one shilling. I give him this land
on which to build him a home."
Hence it was called "Glen Willis."
It is now the property of Col. Jas. A.
Murray, and he and his family reside
there.

Buffalo Trace, another curious land
mark, may be seen along the river
bank.

Riverside Park, below Leestown.
Returning to the city, the Society
will visit the new and beautiful Cove

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157

Spring Park, just opened to the pub-
lie. Cove Spring afforded Frankfort
the first water-works in Kentucky, or
the West, in 1804. And the park is
furnished with water from this his-
toric spring now. The park is de-
lightfully situated, in a woodland of
beautiful trees, at the foot of one
of the mountainous cliffs on the west
of the city, and is an enchanting spot.

ANNUAL MEETING OP THE KEN-
TUCKY HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

At the regular meeting of the Ken-
tucky Historical Society, held at
their rooms on February 11, 1898,
Vice-President John A. Steele called
the meeting to order and presided.

The officers elected at the reorgan-
ization of the Society on the 7th day
of June, 1897, were re-elected for one
year.

The report of the Executive Com-
mittee was received and adopted.

The Society then adjourned to meet
June 7, 1898.

JENNIE C. MORTON,

Secretary Kentucky Historical So-
ciety.

BOONE'S BIRTHDAY HONORED.

The one hundred and sixty-eighth
anniversary of the birth of Daniel
Boone was celebrated in a fitting man-
ner to-day by the Kentucky Histori-
cal Society in its rooms in the State
Capitol building. The occasion was
also the second anniversary of the
society since its reorganization. The
orator of the day was Hon. John An-
drew Steele, of Woodford county.
Among the papers read was one writ-
ten by Dr. J. N. Bryan, of Ottawa,
Kan., a lineal descendant of the Ken-
tucky pioneer.

The annual election of officers was
also held during the meeting. All of
the old officers were re-elected, viz.:
Gov. W. O. Bradley, President ex of-
ficio; John Andrew Steele, of Wood-
ford county, First Vice-President, and
Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, Secretary and
Registrar. The second vice-presidents
were re-elected with the exception of
the late Col. Grant Green whose son
was named to fill the vacancy caused
by his death.

REPORT TO THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE.

June 7, 1898.

By the Secretary of the Kentucky
Historical Society, Mrs. Jennie C.
Morton:

Received — Newspapers, Books, etc.:

The Farmer's Home Journal.

The Kentucky Journal.

The Western Argus, Frankfort.

The Kentucky New Era.

The Frankfort Ledger.

The Constitutionalist.

The Frankfort Roundabout.

Books and Circulars — Magazine of
the Sons of the American Revolution,
from the Smithsonian Institute. 3
volumes, 25 to 27, Michigan pioneer
and historical collections. New Eng-
land Deeds, Miles Standish, etc. The
History of Barrington. R. I. Thomas,
by Williams Bicknell. Vol. 36, pro-
ceedings of the American Philosoph-
ical Society. The Seventieth Birth
dy of the Atheneum. London, Chan-
cery Lone. E. C. Smithsonian Report
for 1895. Filson Club Publications
No. 13. First Explorations of Ken-
tucky, by J. Stoddard Johnston. The
Cliff Dwellers, of Mera Verde; print-
ed at Stockholm, Germany. Leipzic,
1S93, by Karl W. Hiersemaun. Two

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volumes of Smithsonian Report of the
American Historical Association. The
New England Historical and Genea-
logical Register, April, 1898. A Relic
of the Huguenot Settlers in Virginia,
A. S. Clark, publisher, New York
City.

Circulars — Francis Edwards, Book-
teller, 83 High street, Marylebone,
London, W. Pairbain's Book of
Crests, etc., Foy, Davis, London, Hen-
ry Gray, Leicester Square, W. O.
County Borough of Cardiff, library
edition; full of all matter pertaining
to life in Wales. Topographical Sec-
tion of the Gentlemen's Magazine,
Leicester Square, London. Lancaster
Parish Register Society, London, Eng
land. The Reliquary and Illustrated
Archaeologist, London, 23 Old Bailey.
Reform Club Sound Currency Commit-
tee; numbers from December 1, 1896,
to March 15, 1898; New York City.

For the Kentucky Historical So-
ciety :

The request of the Secretary of the
Kentucky Historical Society for ob-
jects, whether of wood or iron or
stone, the tools of the Virginia and
Kentucky pioneers, in felling the for-
est, in the building of the log houses,
and for cooking before the great open
fireplaces, in oven, skillet or on broil-
ing irons, is being favorably consid-
ered. It will be seen that some have
already sent in specimens of these
cast-away arts and crafts of pioneer
home-making in Kentucky. We have
a large spinning wheel and a small
one, a carpenter's hatchet, an axe and
•cythe. As these things are being col-
lected by historical societies that
know their historical value, as illus-
trative of our beginning, we hope we
may soon have an intelligent collec-
tion of these curiosities for the Ken-
tucky Historical Society, as well as
bookcases filled with rare volumes and
newspapers.

DONATION'S AND LOANS.

A copy of the ninth edition of the
"Universal Spelling Book,'' issued in
1707 in London, England. The pre-
face openB thus: "To every impartial
reader, but more particularly such as
have the care of Protestant schools
in Great Britain and Ireland, and His
Majesty's Plantations Abroad."

This valuable souvenir is loaned to
the Kentucky Historical Society by
Mrs. Reid, subject to the recall of the
present Secretary.

An old hatchet found on the Elk-
horn hills, with a history, presented
by Mr. Gorham to Mrs. Morton, a do-
nation. An iron spit, a donation, in
use in Colonial times fo^ roasting
fowls. It was hung on the crane, in
front of the old-fashioned wood fires,
the meat or fowl was caught tightly
and turned slowly as it roasted, the
cook basting it as it turned, from the
pan of seasoned butter set on the
coals beneath it.

A tin foot stove. This quaint little
article, indispensable to comfort in
the old-fashioned carriage when start-
ing for a long ride on a winter's day.

LOANED, SUBJECT TO RECALL.

A rare colonial tea-cup, the proper
ty of Mrs. Martha Reid, of Frankfort.
This quaint bit of Liverpool china be-
longed to a tea set brought from Vir-
ginia to Kentucky by James McBride,
when he emigrated here in 1775, and
settled at Harrodsburg Btation with
his family (see Collins, vol. 2, page
120). His name is on the State mon-
ument in the cemetery as among the
slain at Blue Licks, though killed
some days afterwards. Mrs. Mc-
Bride, his widow, entertained the
first Presbyterian minister in Ken-
tucky. Father Rice, as he was known
among the earliest pioneers, Daniel

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Boone and other distinguished pio-
neer explorers were served at her ta-
ble from the tea-cups she had brought
to her forest home on pack mules
from Virginia. This tea-cup is the
sole remaining one of that tea set.
It was handed down as a legacy to
Mrs. Martha Reid, from her great
grandmother, Mrs. McBride.

Old-fashioned milk piggin, used at
Spring Garden, Woodford county, Ky.,
fifty years ago.

Governor Bradley's request in Feb-
ruary for the loan for a while of the
portraits of Governors Leteher, Met-
calfe, Scott, Powell and Blackburn, to
hang in the Governor's office, was
granted by the society. They were
accordingly taken from the Histori-
cal room and hung there, subject to
the recall of the Society.

KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCI
ETY.

The annual meeting of the Ken-
tucky Historical Society will be held
in their rooms at the Capitol, Wednes-
day, June 7th, at 11 o'clock a, m. A
fine program is being prepared for
this event that will be published later
on. There will be literary and his-
torical papers by Isaac T. Woodson,
Louisville, Ky., and Green R. Keller,
editor of the Carlisle Mercury. Both
these gentlemen are charter members
of the Society. Oapt. Ed. Porter
Thompson will have a historical paper
also. Louis Harris, our famous vio-
linist, has promised music for this oc-
casion; Mr. S. C. Bull, choir leader in
the First Presbyterian church, will
lead the singing of patriotic songs.

After the close of the program, the
"Colonial Daughters" will entertain
with refreshments served from china,
cut glass and silver more than a
hundred years old. The table will be

spread with a fine linen table-cloth,
the flax for which was grown, spun,
and woven on a farm in Scott county,
in 1828. It was contributed to the
Kentucky Historical Society by Mrs.
A. G. Fleming, of Midway, Ky., the
mother of Judge W. B. Fleming, of
Louisville, Ky.

KEPORT FROM THE KENTUCKY
HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

February 11, 1890.

Newspapers — Farmer's Home Jour-
nal, Frankfort Roundabout, Western
Argus, Kentucky New Era, Eminence
Constitutionalist, The Columbian,
Boston, Mass.; The Kentucky Jour-
nal.

Letters— Librarian of Concord, N.
H.; Librarian, Amesbury, Mass.; H.
Welter, Paris, France; H. Welter,
Leipsic; J. M. Potter, Salem, Mass.;
Dr. J. D. Bryan, Ottawa, Kansas;
Joseph Burnett & Co., Boston, Mass.;
Alexander Brown, Historian, Nor-
wood,, Va.; Wise & Wise, Richmond,
Va.; The Newport Mercury, R. I.;
Circular, The True History of the
Missouri Compromise and Its Repeal,
by Mrs. Archibald Dixon; A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co., Chicago, 111.

List No. 4 of valuable books— Mc-
Clurg & Co., Chicago, 111.; New Eng-
land Genealogical and Historical Mag-
azine, Boston, Mass.; Antiquities and
Oddities, Davis Brothers, Diamond,
Ohio; Sound Currency Magazine, New
York City; Letter from the Publish-
er's Weekly, 59 Duane street. New
York City; The Attacks on the Span
ish Gunboats at Cardenas, by com-
manding officer of the Wilmington,
Chapman C. Todd.

Donations— "The American Repub-
lic," a newspaper published in Frank
fort. Ky.. isn. H. Marshall, editor,

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by N. B. Risk, Midway, Ky.; Steel
Engraving of Col. R, T. Durrett, Lou-
isville, Ky.; Putnam's Historical Mag-
azine, Salem, Mass.; Book Catalogues,
Bath, England; list of books from Mo
Clurg, Chicago, 111.; Bargains in Books,
Milwaukee, Wis.; History of Brule's
Discoveries and Explorations, from
1610-1626, Cleveland, Ohio; Marguer
ite Bouvet's Books, with picture of
the author, A. C. McClurg & Co., Chi
cago, 111.; Forty Years a Fur Trader
on the Upper Missouri, A. C. McClurg
& Co., Chicago, 111., The Menu Card
of the Kentucky Society's Banquet
at St. Louis, Mo., with best wiBhes of
W. C. Jones, St. Louis, Mo.

A very beautiful arranged panel,
withj flag decorations, entitled:
"Frankfort's sons in the U. S. Navy,
and her sons-in-law." The names and
location of officers and sailors are
handsomely written on both sides of
the panel, with compliments of and
contributed by Dr. Win. H. Ave rill,
Frankfort, Ky.

One of the oldest clocks in Ken-
tucky, works all wooden, and very
handsome, contributed by Messrs.
Selbert and Keller.

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
MEETING.

The Kentucky Historical Society
met in annual convocation on Wed-
nesday last. The following program
was carried out:

Meeting called to order by the Presi-
dent, Gov. W. O. Bradley.

Prayer — Rev. Dr. J. McClusky Blay-
ney.

Address of Gov. Bradley.

"America"— Mr. S. C. Bull and the
audience.

Report of the Secretary.

"Kentucky" — Isaac T. Woodson,
Louisville.

Music — "Annie Laurie."

Address of Prof. Rhoads.
Music — "Dixie" — By the band.
"Nameless" — By Henry T. Stanton
— Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

Music — "Auld Lang Syne."

Criticism by Thos. B. Ford — Writ-
ten during the exercises.

By permission, we give elsewhere
the poem of Hon. Isaac T. Woodson.

The report of the Secretary is as
follows:

Frankfort, Ky., June 7, 1899.
To the Kentucky Historical Society,
at its second annual meeting since
its re-organization in 1896, I submit
the following report of newspapers,
books, magazines, circulars and dona-
tions since February 11, 1899.

MBS. JENNIE C. MORTON,

Secretary Kentucky Historical So-
ciety.

Newspapers and Magazines — Frank-
fort Roundabout, Western Argus,
Western Kentucky New Era, Farm-
er's Home Journal, Kentucky Journal,
The Constitutionalist, The Winches-
ter Sun, Bowling Green News.

Donations — Portrait of Robert
Montfort Lucky, Kentucky poet, pre-
sented by J. F. Barbour, Williams-
town, Ky.

An old match safe, Selbert & Kel-
ler, Frankfort, Ky.

A needle case of mahogany, more
than 100 years old, used by Mrs. John
Clay Brooke, of Virginia {nee Sallie
Overton, sister of Waller Overton, one
of the early settlers of Kentucky),
nnd an Indian arrow-head. A rock
from the Natural Bridge, Va., con-
tributed by Miss Eliza Overton,
Frankfort, Ky.

A small hair trunk, for jewels.

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brought to Virginia before the Rev
olution, loaned by Miss Sally Jackson.

A number of curious specimens,
Bhells, ossified walnuts, quartz from
lead, silver and gold mines in Ken-
tucky, contributed by Mrs. Jennie C.
Morton.

History of the Battle Monument at
West Point, N. Y. Annual report of
the Smithsonian Institution, 189G.
Second annual report of the Smith-
sonian Institution, 1896. IT. 8. Na-
tional Museum, Washington City. Re-
port of the Philosophical Society,
Philadelphia. Catalogue of rare por-
traits, autographs, letters, etc., Paris,
France. Natural Science, a monthly
review of scientific progress, Edin-
burgh and London. American Histor-
ical Association, Book, New York.
The Reliquary and Illustrated Archae-
ologist, Bomrose & Sons, Old Bailey,
London, E. C. Bow, Chelsea and Der-
by porcelain, William Bemrose, Lon-
don Derby. Comfort, Augusta, Me.
Book list, Honolulu, Hawaii. Old
Churches, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1897.
Annual report of the Board of Regents
of the Smithsonian Institution, 1898.
Steel engraving, Lucius B. Marsh;
President Marsh Family Association,
Salem, Mass.

At the conclusion of the exercises,
which marked one of the most suc-
cessful meetings of the Society, and
which was more largely attended than
any heretofore held, the ladies of the
"Colonial Society" entertained a large
number of invited guests with suit
able refreshments, which were thor
oughly enjoyed by every one present.

REPORT FROM THE HISTORICAL
SOCIETY.

October 6, 1899.

DONATIONS.

Forty dollars. Confederate money —
Mrs. Ed. L. Samuels.

Two dolls, 150 years old each — Mrs.
Winston, of Winston College.

Wool Rolls for big wheel — W. T.
Reading, Merchant.

Contributions of Mrs. Laura Pugh
Torrence, Montreal, Canada— A Ro-
man Lamp, such as is used in lighting
tourists through the Catacombs of
Rome.

A box of rare wood — from old Vi-
enna.

Bronze medallion of Henry Clay.

Bronze medallion, medal presented
to General Zachary Taylor by the
State of Louisiana after the close of
the Mexican War.

A Sevres tea plate, from Chateau
de F. Bleau, Paris.

A Spoad tea plate, of earliest de-
sign in decoration.

A land grant from George III to
James Taylor, in Upper Canada, in
the year 1802, with the wax seal of
Great Britain appended to it.

A button from the military coat of
George Rogers Clark taken from the
casket when he was re-iuterred at
Cave Hill, Ky., 1869.

A belt, worn by Wilkinson Hens-
ley during the Mexican War.

Pieces of the wall of the Forum,
Pompeii.

Confederate relics.

Spur of a distinguished Confederate
officer.

An old portfolio, captured in Flor-
ida.

A manacle, worn by one of the

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prisoners shot by the brutal Bur-
bridge's order, at the intersection of
Shelby and Todd streets, in 1864.

A lead pencil sent from one of the
four prisoners, shot at the same time
and place.

A drinking cup, made of a cocoanut
shell, with seal carved upon it, by a
Confederate prisoner of South Car-
olina.

Elegant brass buckle, embossed C.
S. upon the center.

Circular of Prehistoric remains of
Kentucky and Inquiries — Warren K.
Moorehead, New York.

Annual report of American Histor-
ical Association, Washington, D. C.

Catalogue— Alfred Wilson, London,
E. C, England.

Ribbon for little wheel— Mrs. Kate
Welch, Frankfort.

Catalogue of valuable books —
Brough & Sons, Birmingham, Eng-
land.

A singular ear of corn, from the
farm of Mrs. Gen. Joseph H. Lewis,
in Scott county, Ky.

Again we request the people of Ken
tucky, who have relics, manuscripts,
papers, or whatever pertains to the
history of the State, to send them to
the Historical rooms. Homes were
not intended for museums. Whatever
people have that can be turned to the
advantage of their State Historical
Society and rooms should be contrib-
uted generously to these.

Mrs. Arabella Spalding, the quaint
little weaver, sets the richest and the
wisest Kentuckians an example by
her generosity.

As she sat at her loom (that is now
one hundred and sixty-five years old),
weaving away in her little booth, dur-
ing the recent street fair, a member of
the Historical Society watched her
dexterity for some time, and then ask-

ed her "what was her price for that
loom. She would like to secure it for
the Historical Society.'' *' You may
have it," she replied quickly and kind-
ly. "If you would care for such an old
thing in such a fine place, I will give
it to you. I have another."

Then and there the lady member
accepted the antique loom, with its
quaint history, and as soou as room
can be made for it, it will take its
place among the famous relics of the
Historical rooms. It is said Mrs.
Spalding has woven ten thousand
yards of rag carpeting on it. It was
brought to Kentucky from Virginia
in 1795.

KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCI
ETY.

The Historical Society met at their
rooms in the executive building on
June 7. A great many members of
the society were present from all parts
of the State. The following is the re-
port of the secretary, February 7,
1900:

Newspapers, magazines, etc, —

The Hesperian, St. Louis, Magazine.

The Frankfort Roundabout.

The Western Argus, Frankfort.

The Western New Era, Hopkins-
ville, Ky.

The Kentucky Journal, Newport,
Ky.

The Bowling Green News.
The Constitutionalist, Eminence,
Ky.

The Fanner's Home Journal, Louis-
ville.

The Havana Herald, Cuba.

The Essex Antiquarian. Salem,
Mass.

Catalogue, Francis Edwards. Book

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sellers, 83 High Street, Marylebone,
London.

Smithsonian Institutions Report,
Washington City.

Catalogue of Yale University, 1899-
1900, New Haven, Conn.

The Hesperian, St. Louis, Mo.

Sound Currency, New York City.

The Bird Stone Ceremonial, by War-
ren King Moorehead, Saranac Lake,
New York.

New England Genealogical and
Historical Magazine, Boston, Mass.

The Hague Periodicals, Holland.

Farming and Gardening, Indianap-
olis, Ind.

Donations —

Deer Hunter's Shot Gourd, 100
years old, W. F. Rankin, Owenton,
Ky.

Picture of Gov. Madison, St. Louis,
Mo.

Picture of Gov. John J. Crittenden,
Morton Joyes, Louisville, Ky.

REPORT JUNE 7, 1900.

Newspapers —

Western Argus.
Frankfort Roundabout.
Farmer's Home Journal.
Kentucky New Era.
Kentucky Journal.
The Constitutionalist.

Books —

Sound Currency, pictures in crude
oil, contributed by Roe Weisinger,
Franklin, Pa.

New England Genealogical and
Historical Magazine, Boston, Mass.
Historical Magazine, West Virginia.

Bureau of Roll and Library, Wash-
ington City.

Bulletin, Lucien Carr, Boston, Mass.

The California Register, San Fran-
cisco.

Sound Currency, New York City.

Catalogue of works on voyages and
travels, London, England.

Catalogue of second-hand books, A.
S. Clark, New York City.

Catalogue of Yale College, Prince-
ton, N. J.

Note. — The portraits loaned to the
executive office during ex-Governor
Bradley's administration of Gover-
nors Letcher, Metcalfe, Powell, Black-
burn, and engraving of Gov.
Charles S. Scott have been returned
to the Historical rooms. Also has
been received the photo-engravings
of Governors Madison and Crittenden.

The Kentucky Historical Society
met in its rooms at the Capitol, June
7th at 11 o'clock. The report of the
secretary and treasurer was read and
approved. As the rooms are being
re-painted and re-carpeted, with
other repairs needed in them, and it
was not known until the night before
that they could be made ready for
the meeting, the invitation was not
given for a large assemblage of the
members who usually hold their an-
nual meeting on this day— 7th of June.
There were a number of visitors pres-
ent from various parts of the State.
The secretary, Mrs. Jennie C. Mor-
ton, will be at the rooms hereafter
every Wednesday, as before, and vis
itors are invited to come on that day.

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KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCI-
ETY.

October 10, 1901.

The executive committee of this so-
ciety met in their rooms at the Exec
utive Building of the Capital on Mon-
day morning at 11 o'clock. The 6th
coming this year on Sunday, the meet-
ing was held on Monday. There was
a full attendance at this business
meeting of the society. It was called
to order by the chairman, and the fol-
lowing report of the secretary and
treasurer was read and approved:

Report of the Kentucky Historical
Society by the secretary, Mrs. Jennie
C. Morton:

Newspapers, magazines, etc.—

The Western Argus.

The Kentucky New Era.

The Farmer's Home Journal.

The Western World.

The Constitutionalist.

The New England Historical and
Genealogical Register.

Glenn Springs, booklet, Ky.

Drennon Springs, booklet, Ky.

Report from the Smithsonian Insti
tution, Washington City.

Report of the president of Yale
University, New Haven, Conn.

The West Virginia Historical Mag
azine, Charleston, W. Va.

The Spanish Archives. San Francis

CO.

Contributions —

American Genealogist, Miss S. Wal
lace Smith.

Weekly Union, 1849.

Campaign Yeoman, 1849.

The Western Argus, October 6,
1886.

Woodford Weekly, 1870.

The Athens (Ala.) Post, 1870.

Kentucky Military Institute, mag-
azine, near Frankfort, Ky., 1859.

By Mrs. John E. Miles: The Frank-
fort Directory, Berry & Payne, 1886.

Early Schools of Kentucky, by Ida
Roberts, Grade C, of the Frankfort
public school, illustrated by Alice
Graves, Grade C. This illustrated ar
tide in composition is so good that it
now hangs in the large glass case of
the Historical room, where it may be
seen and read with ease by any one.
It is a very creditable piece of work
in writing, historical accuracy and il
lustration for two little girls.

Pike, captured from John Brown at
the insurrection of Harper's Ferry,
October 16, 1859.

Flag from the battlefield of Buena
Vista, used in the Mexican War, 1845
47, framed.

Flag of the War of 1812-1815,
framed.

Courier-Journal, Louisville Times,
Post and Louisville Commercial of the
week of the Knights Templar Con-
clave in the city of Louisville, August
26, 27, 28, 29, 30.

A bill, |25, Bank of Kentucky, De-
cember 20, 1837, contributed by John
Taylor Green.

Courier-Journals, containing the
epitomized history of the assassination
of President McKinley, his death on
the morning of the 14th of September,
the arrangements for his funeral and
burial, also the ceremony of the in-
duction into office of his distinguished
successor, Vice-President Roosevelt,
his oath and proclamation to the peo-
ple as their president, the illustra-
tions of various scenes at Buffalo at
the time of the assassination and dur-
ing the week of the lamented Presi
dent's illness and death.

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In this third report yearly of the
work being done by the Kentucky
Historical Society, we call attention
again to the great and growing neces-
sity for a magazine in which can be
shown the practical uses of our soci-
ety to the State. In a magazine we
can better take up subjects of histor-
ical interest to Kentuckians and illus-
trate by picture and maps those peo-
ple and things of special regard to us.
The educational features of the His-
torical rooms are many, and we have
as a society striven to enlist the in-
terest and patronage of teachers and
scholars in our work. It is here they
will see the portraits of our honored
governors, famous statesmen, poets
and historians, and pictures of land
marks and scenery dear to Ken-
tuckians. These things that have been
secured by the most vigilant atten-
tion to the wants of such an Histori-
cal Society should not go without re-
ward in public sentiment and appre-
ciation. With more encouragement of
this kind, we are sure Kentucky,
through her next Legislature, will
recognize her own Historical Society
and place it, by a generous appropria-
tion, upon a wider basis of intelligent
influence.

The meeting of the Historical So
ciety on Friday last was the largest
that has ever been held. There was
scarcely standing room left in the
large rooms. The address of Judge
Hobson on "Pioneer Days in Ken-
tucky" was heartily enjoyed, and Hon.
Gus Coulter's remarks on "legisla-
tion" were unusually interesting, and
the singing of the children was highly
complimented by those in attendance.
Below will be found the report of the
secretary:

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

June 7, 1901.

To the President and Members of the
Kentucky Historical Society:

Your secretary begs leave to sub-
mit the following suggestions and re-
port.

Report from the Kentucky Histori-
cal 'Society, by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton,
June 7th, 1901:

Newspapers, magazines, catalogues,
etc.

Newspapers— The Western Argus ;
The Constitutionalist, Kentucky New
Era, Kentucky (Newport) Journal,
The Essex Antiquarian, Salem, Mass.;
Climat, Torbino, Russia.

Books, new and old — Woodward &
Lothrop, Washington, D. C; Hard-
ing's Catalogue of old and modern
books, London, England; Nord Ameri-
ka, Carl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig, Ger-
many; Franklin Head, stock of books,
etc., Philadelphia; books for school li-
brary, Syracuse, N. Y.; a dictionary
of educational biography, by C. H.
Bardeen, publisher; book catalogue,
Bloomsbury, London; Dernieres Ac-
quisitions, Whelstart, 18, The Hague,
Holland; New England Historical and
Genealogical Register, Boston, Mass.;
Monthly list, Gibbings & Company, 18
Burg street, London, W. C; Constitu-
tion and By-laws of the New York
State Historical Association, with
proceedings of the second annual
meeting, Broadway, New York City;
the Washington Historian Magazine
of the State Historical Society, Ta-
coma, Washington; American His-
torical Association, two volumes,
Washington, D. C; a memorial of
George Brown Goode, etc., Smithson-
ian, Washington, D. C.

This magnificent volume contains
engravings of the most distinguished

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scientists of America and Europe,
with brilliant sketches of the works
of these great men.

Allied families of Delaware, Stretch
er, Fenwick, Davis, Draper, Kipsha
ven, Stidham, by Sellers, Philadel,
phia, Pa.

Report for 1899, Smithsonian Insti
tution, Washington, D. C.

Synopsis — Atems' History of the
85th Illinois Infantry, Hiawatha, Kan-
sas.

The West Virginia Historical Mag
azine, Charlotte, W. Va.

Pictures— Some beautiful pictures
in water colors.
Scenes in Kentucky.
Curios.

Water bottle of the desert.
Florida cocoanut, presented by Mrs.
John E. Miles.

HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

February 11, 1901.

Report from the Kentucky Histori-
cal Society by the secretary and treas-
urer, Mrs. Jennie C. Morton:

Newspapers — The Western Argus,
The Hopkinsville New Era, the Ken-
tucky Journal, The Constitutionalist,
The Fanner's Home Journal.

An address at the dedication of the
building of the State Historical So-
ciety, at Madison, Wisconsin, Octo-
l)er 19, 1900, by Chas. Francis Adams.

This address is instructive and es-
IKM'.ially interesting to writers of cur-
rent history. Wisconsin has done her-
self the honor of erecting a splendid
building at a cost of two million dol-
lars to preserve her historical records
in and her precious relics, among
them many valuable histories that
could have belonged to Kentucky.

Map of the United States, Jas Rog-
ers and his descendants circular, Bos
ton, Mass.

Brief history of the city of New
York, by Charles B. Todd, New York

City.

Sir Thomas Brown, circular for
memorial statue, F. R. Eaton, Upper
King street, Norwich, England.

Sound Currency, New York City.

Ancient Libraries, Paris, France.

New England Genealogical and His-
toric Magazine, Boston, Mass.

The Temptation of Friar Gonsol, a
satire by Eugene Field, Washington,
D. C.

Catalogue of rare books of Augustin
Daly, Esq., Woodward and Lathrop.
Washington, D. C.

New Ideas, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Washington Historian, Seattle,
Wash.

Smithsonian Publication, Washing-
ton, D. C.

Catalogue of the histooy of, and
notes on, Culpeper county, Va., em-
bracing a revised and enlarged edi-
tion of Dr. Philip Slaughter's History
of St. Mark's Parish, compiled and
published by Raleigh Travers Green.

Sound Currency for 1901, Gage's
Fine Address, etc., Reform Club, New
York City.

Catalogue of old books, Congdon &
Britnell, Toronto, Canada.

Donations —

A large photograph of the members
and officers of the House of Represen-
tatives of the Legislature of 1900,
contributed by Hon. Robert Swann.

The Report of the Geological Soci-
ety of Missouri, by J. M. S. Logan,
St. Joseph, Mo.

"Dear Old Kentucky," by Geo. Mc-
Calla Spears.

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Book Catalogue, London, England.

About Sleepy Hollow Church at
Tarrytown, N. Y.

The Yonkers Historical Associa-
tion.

New England Genealogical and His-
torical Register, Boston, Mass.

Commercial Advertiser, Honolulu,
Hawaii. This newspaper contains the
history of the "Flags Changed" in
Honolulu, with illustrations of the
pathetic event to the Hawaiians, and
pictures of the president, Dole, and
the deposed king, etc., contributed by
Mrs. Alex. Duvall, Bowling Green, Ky.

Bulletin of H. Williams, New York

City.

Contributions from Mr. L. C. Lane.
Sombrero, from Mexico.

Machete, from Spain.

Indian bow and thirty arrows.

Elegant sword of a major in the
Civil War.

Sabre used in the Civil War.

Roman battle axe.

Soldier's belt made of buckskin.

New members — Judge and Mrs. J.
P. Hobson, Hon. South Trimble, Hon.
Gus Coulter, Auditor; Capt. Ed. Por
ter Thompson, Mrs. Alex. Duvall, Bow-
ling Green, Ky.

The thanks of the society are ten-
dered the editor of the Western Ar-
gus for his generous services to it, and
his uniform kindness in giving its re-
ports and notices in the Argus.

There is in the souvenir case of the
State Historical Society a pewter
spoon with the following item attach-
ed to it:

"This spoon was found in the center
of a birch tree in Bath county, Ky.,
at the Black and Red Sulphur Springs
on Salt Lick, in January. 1883, and
there was 113 granulations from
where the spoon was found to the
bark. Presented by V. D. Young, Ow
ingsville, Ky.

KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL
SOCIETY, 1902.

The executive committee met on
February 11th. On account of the
bitter cold weather, the general meet-
ing was postponed. The business of
the society was discussed by the
members, the reports were read and
approved, and the officers of the so-
ciety were re-elected. The resigna-
tion of Hon. John A. Steele, as vice
president, on account of his late ac
cident, was accepted with deep regret
and* symjathy by the members. He
has been a faithful and efficient mem-
ber, and will be greatly missed from
the circle. Mr. W. W. Longmoor was
elected as second vice-president, Gen-
eral Hewitt as first vice-president to
succeed Capt. Steele.

No further business being before
them, the society adjourned.

As the secretary and treasurer of
the Kentucky (State) Historical So
ciety, I have the honor to submit to
you the following reports:

Newspapers — The Western Argus,
The Farmer's Home Journal, The
Hopkinsville New Era, The Constitu-
tionalist.

Magazines — No. Americano, part
II., Bristol, Old England.

Pamphlet, Bliss & Co., New York
City.

Book list, Paris, France. Life and
Services of Henry Clay. Address of
Careton Hunt, January 12, 1901, on
the occasion of the laying of the cor-
ner stone of the monument of Henry
Clay, Lafayette Square, Now Orleans.
I/a. Magazine, West Virginia Histor-
ical Society, Charleston, W. Va.

The Washington Historian, Taco.
ma, Wash. This beautiful magazine
teems with interesting data concern-

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ing the early settlement of this pVrt
of the northwest coast of America.

Catalogue of books, Bristol, Eng-
land. Valuable scrap books; clippings
from newspapers during the Civil
War, 1861-65, showing the Southern
view of the "irrepressible conflict,"
the end of which was not reached, we
fear, at the surrender of General Rob-
ert E. Lee at Appomattox, April, 1865.
Contributed by Mrs. Dr. Willis Green.

Annual report of the Smithsonian
Institution for 1900. With elegant
card of announcement by the secre
tary. S. 1\ Langley, Lilrairie Arnaud
Colin, exposition catalogue, Paris,
France.

Letters from nearly all the States

in the Union. giving the amount of ap-
propriations by Legislature annually,
if any, to their historical societies.
Four-fifths of the States have appro
priations by the legislature, where
not rich in endowment funds.

The New England Historical and
Genealogical Register for January,
1902. Addresses: Sons of the Revo-
lution, Kansas City Chapter, October
19, 1901, Kansas City, Mo.

Address, Mississippi Historical So-
ciety to the Governor, Jackson, Miss.

Dawson & Sons, List of English and
Foreign Newspapers, etc., London,
Cardiff, Exeter, Leicester and Ply-
mouth, England.

Genealogy of Queen Victoria, Lon
don, Eng. West Virginia Historical
Magazine. January, 1902, Charleston,
W. Va. Postal card from the presi
dent, Augustawa College, offering to
exchange with the Kentucky Histori-
cal Society for "An Old Indian Vil-
lage," Rock Island, 111.

Specimen page and picture of the
National Historical Library of Ire-
land, Dublin, Ireland; catalogue, en
cyclopedia, London, England.

Photograph of curios found on Salt
river, on Indian battle ground. Con-
tributed by E. V. Carrico. Stithton,
Ky.

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON.

INTERESTING PROGRAM OF EX-
ERCISES OF THE STATE HIS-
TORICAL SOCIETY.

The meeting Saturday of the Ken-
tucky State Historical Society will be
an event of more than ordinary im
portance. Gov. Beckham will preside
and the program will be as follows:

I'll (Wilt AM.

Prayer by Rev. J. McClusky Blay
ney.

Reports read by the secretary, Mrs.
Jennie C. Morton.

Address by Hon. G. Allison Holland
—"The Debt We Owe to Our Ances
tors."

Talk on Historical Magazines by
Vice-President W. W. Longmoor —
Their Scope and Usefulness.

Reading by Miss Eliza Overton.

Unveiling of a new copy of Chester
Harding's celebrated portrait of Dan-
iel Boone, in whose honor the Ken
tucky Historical Society was founded
in 1839-40.

DISTINGUISHED VISITOR IN
FRANKFORT IS REV. DR.
VAN SLYKE, OF NEW
YORK.

Rev. Dr. Van Slyke, of Kingston.
New York, who is here visiting his
daughter, Mrs. Dr. C. C. Owens, is
not only an eminent Presbyterian di
vine, but is pastor of a church which

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71)

occupies an important place in his-
tory. The church of which he is pas
tor at Kingston is one in which George
Washington often worshiped during
the Revolution. The chair which was
occupied by the Father of His Coun-
try is still kept with reverent pride,
and his autograph letter is framed and
hangs in the vestibule of the church.

Dr. Van Slyke, in the course of his
add re sb before the Kentucky Histori
cal -Society, mentioned these interest-
ing historical facts, and supplemented
his remarks by an eulogy of Daniel
Boone.

HONOR FROM KENTUCKY HIS-
TORICAL SOCIETY TO THE
STATE'S HARDY PIONEERS.

Interesting Program of Exercises and
Addresses at Meeting Yesterday.

The Kentucky Historical Society
yesterday held its semi-annual meet
ing, which proved to be one of the
most notable in the life of that organ
ization. Gov. Beckham presided over
the meeting of the society and in the
audience assembled was represented
the literary talent, culture and beauty
of the State Capital.

Hon. G. Allison Holland, of Emi-
nence, who was down for an address,
was not present, but telegraphed that
he was detained at New Castle in the
trial of an important case. Dr. Van
Slyke, of Kingston, New York, who is
mentioned elsewhere, however, was
present and delivered a most enter-
taining and instructive address, in
which he interwove a lot of valuable
historical matter.

Mr. W. W. Longmoor, vice-president
of the society, then followed with an
address in which he pointed out in
a striking manner the need of a his-

torical magazine. His address was
bright, snappy and instructive and
was heartily applauded, as was the ad-
dress of Gov. Beckham, who spoke
in his usual well-trained and grace-
ful manner.

REPORT KENTUCKY HISTORICAL
SOCIETY.

Newspapers — The Western Argus,
The Western Kentucky New Era, The
Constitutionalist, The Seattle Post
Intelligencer, The Farmer's Home
Journal.

Mr. Murray's list of fcrthcoming
works. Leipzig, Germany, 1752-1829.
A history of the town of liarrington,
Rhode Island. A prospectus, Snow
and Farnham, Providence, R. I.

Photograph of Ex Gov. T. L. Crit-
tenden, of Missouri, who was born and
reared in Kentucky.

First report of the Public Archives
Commission of the American Histori-
cal Association, Washington, D. C.
West Virginia Magazine, Charleston,
W. Va. Two volumes American His
toric«.l Association, Washington, D.
C. Catalogue No. 5, Julius Kuhlman,
Philadelphia, Pa. Catalogue, rare
books, Americus, Ga. Family Histor-
ies, London, England. Americana and
Coloniana, Henry Clay, Genealogist
and Publisher, London, England. Pre-
sentation of records, Emery Process,
Taunton, Mass. Amenianst Geogra
pher and Ethnographer, Karl W. Hier-
semann, Leipzig, Germany. A beauti
ful circular, Drennon Springs Hotel,
W. L. Crabb, proprietor. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Soci-
ety, Philadelphia, April 2, 1902.

Donations — Old-fashioned lantern,
drumstick used in the Civil War, con-
tributed by Howard Ummerthom; a

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loan collection of splendid specimens
of gem stones from Colorado and Mex-
ico, and sea-weed and beautiful shells
from Florida, from Mrs. Loula B.
Longmoor.

MBS. JENNIE C. MORTON,

Secretary.

Sunday, June 8, 1902.

Miss Eliza Overton read a chapter
on the "Life of Daniel Boone" and
the literary exercises were closed by
the unveiling with appropriate cere-
monies of Chester Harding's celebrat-
ed portrait of Boone. Refreshments
were served after the exercises closed.
Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, secretary and
treasurer of the society, then read the
semi-annual report, which gives an ac-
count of the progress made by the
society and of the valuable historical
matter on hand.
The report closes as follows:
"We have now the good hope of
better things for our society. We had
hoped we could map out the good
work resultant from a new aid that
may be ours in the near future; yet
the design will not spoil by keeping it
to ourselves a little longer. But we
must be worthy of the trust it will im-
pose, and work on for success. 'All
things come to those who wait.' it is
said, yet we know nothing comes to
us unless we pray and work, sb well
as wait for the crown of our hopes.
A little while and we will begin to
tell the world of our people, who made
Kentucky famous, as well as show
them who will keep her precious lega
cy bright and glorious as of ancient
renown. Our gallery of pictures' has
come to be 'in the public eye,' and
descendants of our great Kentuckians
and historians and writers are seeking
copies of their portraits here and da

ta from their records from every part
of America and England. Hence the
State will adopt our views of expan
sion, and lend its rich right hand to
help us make and maintain for its
benefit and renown a Kentucky State
Historical Magazine.

We must not lose sight of the dig-
nity of our work. The State has need
of it, and while we may have deplored
her silent unconcern, we make no apol-
ogy for her, because to do so exposes
her weakness and her want of that
fostering care of her history in the
past, whichennobles and exalts a State
and the manhood of a State. We are
not here to tell the world what Ken-
tucky is, but to show the world what
she has been in the early days of
hero-making and State-forming. We
have a glorious birthright to guard,
and the unlimited riches of history to
prize. "A history," writes one his-
torian, "that surpasses that of any
other of the North America confed-
eration, for none present so graphic
a picture of the courage, energy, ca-
pacity of endurance and indomitable
tenacity of purposes as its peoph'
have. The sternest truths in relation
to the difficulties encountered by the
bold hunters and hardy pioneers of
Kentucky assume the wild charm and
vivid coloring of the most startling
romance."

"SOMETHING ABOUT STEAM-
BOATS IN THE WEST AND ON
THE KENTUCKY RIVER."

Frankfort, Ky., January 16, 1902.

The request of a State official of
Pennsylvania for this article, who is
writing upon "Steamboat Navigation,*'
induces its re-publication now. It was
read in October, 1897, before the So-

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ciety of Colonial Daughters by the
registrar, also secretary and treasurer
of the Kentucky Historical Society,
Mrs. Jennie C. Morton. Bo frequent
has been the demand for this data by
different writers and steamboatmen
that the papers have been exhausted
that contained it at that time.— (Ed.)

We find in an old Virginia news-
paper, March, 1830, a list of the steam-
boats on the Western waters at that
time. There were 324 from the build-
ing of the first boat, and 213 were
then navigating the Ohio, Mississippi,
Missouri, Kentucky and other rivers.
Of this number of boats, eighty-six
were built at Cincinnati.

The first steamboat that crossed the
Falls of the Ohio, September, 181C,
was a two-decker, her boilers on deck,
built at Wheeling Va., owned by Cap-
tain Henry M. Shreve, of Louisville,
and called "Washington."

The first steamboat built in Ken-
tucky was the "Pike," built at Hender-
son, Ky., and the second was the "Ken-
tucky," built at Frankfort. The first
steamboat to navigate the Kentucky
river was the "Sylph No. 1," Arm-
strong, master. She was owned by
Samuels & Jamison. There were two
brothers in the company, one of whom
was the father of Mr. E. T. Samuels,
Bank of Kentucky. This company
afterward built the "Rambler."

In an early day the "Charleston"
also plied the Kentucky river, and a
few very old persons here are said to
remember that she was aground a lit-
tle below the mouth of Mero street,
where she lay all one summer. This
was years before the locks on the river
were built.

A steamer was built at what is now
called "Steamboat Hollow," a little
below the old Steele farm on the Ken-
tucky river. It was built entirely of
locust timber, and was called "Locust
Lexington." She was sold down

South, and was seen at the wharf in
New Orleans in 1830. This is the
identical steamboat of which Mr. Fall
writes in donating the chisel used in
fastening its remarkable timbers to-
gether.

Also the old "Argo" was running
the Kentucky river in 1830, about the
same time the General Armstrong was
an alternate. We find that Sylph No.
2 was on the Kentucky river about
this year, with the Planet for an al-
ternate.

In the year 1822, a side-wheel steam-
er was built at the mouth of "Steam-
boat Hollow" on this river nearly op-
posite the farm of the late Capt.
Steele, and was called the "Plow Boy."

After the locks were built, the
"New Argo," Capt. John A. Holton,
was the first boat to navigate to Ken-
tucky river, and she was sunk in the
lock pit about 1837. The "Ocean" took
her place in the trade between Louis-
ville and Frankfort. She came to the
lock and her freight was delivered on
flat-boats at various landings about
the city.

Collins (historian) says the steam-
boat trade began to decline on the
Kentucky river about 1840, or there-
abouts, and we find from the entries
of steamboats on the Kentucky river,
from that time to the present, the fol-
lowing named:

"The Planet."
"The Sea Gull."
"Little Ben Franklin."
"Oliver Anderson," Harry I. Todd,,
master.

"Tom Metcalf," John A. Holton,
master.

"Bob Letcher," Harry I. Todd, mas,
ter.

"Little Mail," Samuel Steele, ma*
ter.

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"Grey Eagle," Samuel Steele, mas
ter.

"Bine Wing No. 1," Harry I. Todd,
master, resigned and Captain Sanders,
master.

"Blue Wing No. 3," Captain San-
ders, master.

• Dove No. 1," Captain Sanders, mas-
ter.

"Dove No. 2," Captain Sanders, mas
ter.

"The Wren," Captain Sanders, mas-
ter.

"City of Frankfort."

"Lancaster."

"Hornet."

"Hibernia," Captain Pence.
"Fanny Freeze," Captain Pence.
"City of Clarksville," Captain
Pence.

"Falls City," which carried the
barge "Annie," who can forget it—

"Oh! summer nights,
On the crests of starry waves"—

When she floated like a xairy swan
on the waters of the Kentucky, her
spacious salons thronged with the
pleasure-loving youth of the city,
dancing to the music of bands and
picnicking by moonlight around her
white guards.

REPORT KENTUCKY STATE HIS
TORICAL SOCIETY.

Frankfort, Ky., October 5, 1902.

Your secretary has the honor to
submit the following report of the
Kentucky State Historical Society
since June 7, 1902:

Newspapers—
The Farmer's Home Journal.
The Constitutionalist.

The Western Kentucky New Era.
The New Capitol.

Magazines-
New England Genealogical and His-
toric Register, Boston, Mass.

Philosophical Manual, Philadelphia,
Pa.

Magazine of the West Virginia His-
torical Society, Charleston, W. Va.

Clarke's Catalogue, West End, Lon-
don, England.

The Natchez Pictorial, Natchez,
Miss.

Annual report of the Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D. C. Among
the many interesting Things in this
volume is the "Antiquity of the Cera-
mic Art in China." It will give pleas-
ure to members of the Historical So-
ciety to know we have several sped
mens of china in our cases of the
rarest chinas in the world. One of
Sevres china, one of the "red as wine"
variety and one of the most prized
now among Chinese, a plate of the
"deep blue, clear as the sky after
rain." This history of pottery is one
of deep interest to lovers of the his-
torical value and data of china, as it
has come to be known exclusively in
the progress of the art which ante-
dates correct historical data. How-
ever, from this report we learn China
exported porcelain of a rare and most
beautiful description into Europe in
the tenth century, and its remote an-
tiquity has been traced back by some
authorities as early as 2698 B. C.
(Page 364, Smithsonian Report, 1900.)

Legal catalogue of commercial and
other works, Effingham Wilson, 11
Royal Exchange, London, England.

A large and interesting collection
of captured weapons of Filipino and
Moro warfare, sent as a loan to the
Kentucky State Historical Society, by
H. L. Fullen, formerly a volunteer

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soldier of tin* United States, serving
in the Philippine Islands.

Our space for contribution is now
so limited that we have only room for
gifts to the society. The committee
has decided nntil we have more cases
in which such valuable curios may be
stored and kept safely, they will in
the future only solicit such gifts as
pertain to Kentucky history and be-
come the property of the society.

An Indian arrow from the Elkhorn
Hills, contributed by W. L. Gorham.

Wedding dress, colonial style, of
Mrs. Martha Major, married to 8. I.
M. Major in 1821. She was a Miss Bo-
hanan, of Virginia. This colonial

wedding dress is Canton crept', and
now hangs in the Historical rooms.
Loaned by her daughter, Mrs. Kate
Williams.

New England Genealogical and His-
torical Register, Boston, Mass.

History of the First rresrmeri*n
Church, W. H. Averill, author, Frank-
fort, Ky.

Report read before the executive
committee of the Kentucky State His
torical Society and approved, as was
also the report of the treasurer, Oc-
tober 4, 1902.

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON.
Secretary and Treasurer Kentucky
State Historical Society.

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IRegteter

1Rentuck£

State
Historical
Society

JfranKfort, ftentucR?

/// ^

Subscription, per pear,
$1.00

Single Copies, 25c.

OF.

Kentucky State Historical

Society,

FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY.

SUBSCRIPTION, PER YEAR, $1.00.
SINGLE COPIES, 25c.

LOUISVILLE:
OBO. Q. FETTBB PRINTING CO.

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Subscriptions must be sent by check or money order. Jill
communications for the Register should be addressed to MRS.
JENNIE C. MORTON, Secretary and Treasurer, Kentucky
State Historical Society, Frankfort. Ky.

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON, Editor.
GEN. FAYETTE HE W ITT, ) A . , r

TO SUBSCRIBERS.

If this copy of the Register is received, please

respond.

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OFFICERS

ofth,

Kentucky State Historical Society.

GOVERNOR J. C. W. BECKHAM President

GENERAL, PAYETTE HEWITT First Vice-President

W. W. LONG MOOR Second Vice-President

MISS SAL/LIE JACKSON Third Vice-President

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON Secretary and Treasurer

Officers at the Head of the State Government of

Kentucky*

HON. J. C. W. BECKHAM, Governor.
HON. LILLARD CARTER, Lieutenant Governor.
HON. GUS. G. COULTER, Auditor.
HON. C. B. HILL, Secretary of State.
HON. S. W. HAGER, Treasurer

Official State Board.

HON. J. C. W. BECKHAM, Governor.
HON. C. B. HILL, Secretary of State.
HON. GUS. G. COULTER, Auditor.
HON. S. W. HAGER, Treasurer.
HON. CLIFTON J. PRATT, Attorney-General.

Executive Committee of the Kentucky State
Historical Society.

GENERAL FAYETTE HEWITT, Chairman.

JUDGE J. P. HOBSON,

MISS SAULIE JACKSON. Vice-President,

MRS. ANNIE H. MILES,

(MRS. MARY D. ALDRIDGE,

WALTER CHAPMAN, Alt Chm.,

DR. E. H. HUME,

HON. GUS. G. COULTER,

MRS. LOULA B. LONGMOOR,

MRS. MOLLIE J. DUDLEY,

MISS ELIZA OVERTON.

HON. CLIFTON J. PRATT, Attorney-Genl.,

W. W. LONGMOOR, 2d Alt Chm.

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Board of Curators of Kentucky State Historical

Society.

f AANK KAVANAUGH .Frankfort, Ky.

MISS HALTJB HERNDON ..Frankfort, Ky.

DR. W. H. AVERILL Frankfort, Ky.

MJS8 ELIZA OVERTON , Frankfort, Ky.

MRS. ALEX. DUVALL Bowling, Green, Ky.

MRS. SUSAN HART SHELBY , Lexington, Ky.

JUDGE H. C. HOWARD Paris, Ky.

DR. H. C. SMITH Cynthiana, Ky.

MR. ED. a LEIGH Paducah, Ky.

HON. GASTON M. ALVBS Henderson, Ky.

MISS CHRISTINE BRADLEY Lancaster, Ky.

MISS ADDIB COULTER Mayneld, Ky.

M. B. SWINFORD Cynthiana, Ky.

UREY WOODSON Owensboro, Ky.

M. W. NEAL Editor Farmers Home Journal Louisville, Ky,

HUNTER WOOD, Editor New Era Hopkinsville, Ky.

W. A. HOLLAND, Editor Constitutionalist Eminence, Ky.

GEORGE WELLIS, Editor The Shelby Record Shelby ville, Ky.

The duty of Curators, is to collect historical
relics and memorials of the men and women of
Kentucky, who have made the State famous, and
send them to the Kentucky State Historical Society.

Advisory Board.

GOVERNOR J. C. W. BECKHAM ....Frankfort

HON. GUS. COULTER Mayfield

HON. S. W. HAGER Ashland

ATTORNEY-GENERAL C. J. PRATT Madison vllle

SENATOR JAMES B. McCREARY Richmond

HON. LOGAN C. MURRAY Louisville

HON. HENRY WATTERSON Louisville

COL. R. T. DURRETT Louisville

MRS. THOS. RODMAN, JR Mt. Sterling

MISS MARY BRYAN Lexington

MISS LILLIA TOWLES Henderson

MISS ORA LEIGH Paducah

Entertainments.

MRS. J. P. HOBSON, MRS. LOULA B. LONGMOOR,

MISS SALLTE JACKSON, MRS. ANNIE H. MILES,

MRS. MOLLIS JOUETT DUDLEY, MISS ELIZA OVERTON,

MISS ANNIE HERNDON, MRS. SOUTH TRIMBLE.

General meeting of the Kentucky State Historical Society, June 7th, annual date of
Daniel Boone's first view of the "beautiful level of Kentucky."
After the close of the program, refreshments served.

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Contents

The Register, Map, 1903.

Governor Isaac Shelby, his hietory and portrait with chapter of General Evan Shelby's

credentials in the Colonial Wars.
The Last Message, poem.
Attack on Cardenas, by Com. Chapman Todd.

Treasurers of tbe State of Kentucky ; first list ever published of these State Officers.
"Migration of Trade Centers," by President Roberts.
Picture of Audubon's Home in 1811.

History of the Presbyterian Church in Franklin County, Ky., by W. H. Averlll.
A Compliment to a Frankfort Boy in Omaha.

Jefferson Davis' Portrait, by Miss Katharine Helm, for New Orleans.
Flags used In the Cuban War.
Paragraphs and Clippings

Department of Genealogy and History— Edmonson, Fall.
Governor James Garrard, with Portrait and Picture of his Home.
Governor Christopher Greenup, with Picture of His Home.
Necrology — Capt Ed. Porter Thompson.
Catalogue— Reports from the State Historical Society.

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GOVERNOR ISAAC SHELBY.

First Governor of Kentucky, 1792; Elected a Second Term in 1812; Colonel In the
Revolutionary War; General in the War of 1612-1S.

Google

Governor Isaac Shelby.

The services of Governor Isaac
Shelby as a soldier in the Colonial
Government and in the Revolutionary
War and the War of 1812-15, and as
an officer in all, a statesman and the
first Governor of Kentucky, may be
found at length in Collins' History of
Kentucky, vol. 11, page 713.

For our brief sketch we will write
only of his career in Kentucky.

Isaac Shelby was born near Hagers-
town, Maryland, on the 11th of De-
cember, in the year 1750. He was
the eldest son of General Evan Shel-
by and his first wife, Miss Letitia
Scott, of Frediericktown, Md. Gen-
eral Evan Shelby was a highly-es-
teemed officer in the colonial wars, as
may be seen from the correspondence
in the Maryland Calendar Papers be-
tween Governor Sharpe and General
Forbes, vol. 2, 1757-1761.

The father of General Evan Shelby,
and grandfather of Governor Isaac
Shelby, came from Wales to America
and settled in Maryland, near Hagers-
town, then in Frederick county. From
this sturdy ancestry Isaac Shelby is
said to have inherited, along with his
fine intellect and magnanimity of
character, a sound constitution and
splendid physique. He was thus well
equipped for the fatigue and priva-
tions of his early life. We read he
was trained to the use of arms, for
he was in the midst of constant alarm
and preparation for defense against
the Indians. He had only a plain
English education, such as was ac-
quired now and then in the common
schools of his district, yet this en-
abled him to discharge with notable
credit the duties of sheriff before he

was twenty-one years of age. After
reaching his majority, he went beyond
the Alleghenies and settled for a
while in the region of Virginia, in
what is now known as West Virginia.
In the Dunmore War he was an offi-
cer of General Evan Shelby's staff.
We have official proof of the services
of both father and' son, in the land
office at Frankfort. In July, 1775, he
came to Kentucky and was employed
as a surveyor by the Henderson Com-
pany. In 1776 he was appointed cap-
tain of a minute company by the Com-
mittee of Safety of Virginia. In 1777
he was appointed by Governor Henry
a commissary of supplies for an ex-
tensive body of militia posted at dif-
ferent garrisons to guard the frontier
settlements, and for a treaty to be
held at the Long Island of Holston
river with the Cherokee tribe of In-
dians. In 1779 he was elected to the
Virginia Legislature from Washing-
ton county, and in the same year was
commissioned a major by Governor
Jefferson, in the escort of guards to
the commissioners for extending the
boundary line between that State and
North Carolina. By the extension of
this line his residence was found to
be in North Carolina, and here he was
appointed by Governor Caswell col-
onel. In 1780 he returned to Ken-
tucky, then a portion of Virginia, and
regularly entered the service as a
Revolutionary officer under General
Washington, and remained in it until
the end of the war.

The subsequent career of Isaao
Shelby is one of promotion and bril-
liant achievements in the Revolution.
The states of Maryland, the two Vir-

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ginias, North Carolina and Kentucky
have preserved in their archives the
details of his official positions in each
State, both civil and military.

In 1782-3 he returned 1 to Kentucky,
and in every way and at all times
was ready with sword and pen and
individual aid to help Kentucky to
win her coveted statehood. In every
undertaking he stands pre-eminent as
a soldier, statesman and hero of his
time. A complete biography should
include an account of him in every po-
sition, but «uch biography would
transcend the limits of our space.

In 1792 he was unanimously elected
first Governor of Kentucky, and we
will insert here, from Marshall's His-
tory of Kentucky (vol. 2, pp. 2-3), the
description of an eye-witness of Gov-
ernor Shelby's appearance before the
Legislature, solemnly convened De-
cember, 1792, to receive his first mes-
-sage.

The Legislature of 1792.

"Accordingly, on the day appointed,
the Speaker and members of the
House of Representatives repaired to
the chamber of the Senate a little be-
fore the time for expeoting the Gov-
ernor, and took their seats prepared
for them on the right front of the
Speaker's chair, the Senators being
on the other. At the appointed hour
the Governor, attended by the Sec-
retary, made his appearance at the
portal of the hall, when the Speaker,
leaving his seat, met the Governor and
conducted him to one placed on the
right of the Speaker's chair. After
the repose of a minute, the Governor
rose, with a manuscript in his 1 hand,
and respectfully addressing, first, the
Senate and then the House of Repre-
sentatives, read the communications
which he had prepared, and, delivering
to each Speaker a copy of the manu-
script, he retired. . . . (Page 3)

To the House of Representatives he
recommended the raising of an ade-
quate revenue for public exigencies,
and the appointment of commissioners
to fix on a place for the permanent
seat of government." And Frankfort
was selected by these commissioners,
viz.: Robert Todd, John Edwards,
John Allen, Henry Lee and Thomas
Kennedy. Governor Shelby concurred
cordially in the choice, as Frankfort's
advantages in every way, as to a cen-
tral location and environment of hills,
making it an exceptionally healthy
place, while the river, then navigable,
made it an enviable point for trans-
portation of all kinds, so that as soon
as a suitable residence could be pro-
cured for the Governor and his fam-
ily, he came to live in the pretty cap-
ital during his administration.

Says Collins in his History of Ken-
tucky (page 718): 'The history of his
administration of an infant republic
in the remote wilderness would fill a
volume with deeply interesting inci-
dents, exhibiting him advantageously
in the character of a soldier, of a law-
giver and a diplomatist."

At the commencement of another
war with Great Britain, in 1812, he
was a second time elected Governor
of Kentucky. The peril and exigen-
cies of the national affairs demanded
the aid of every patriot in some capac-
ity. The military fitness of Governor
Shelby, together with his fame as a
Revolutionary officer, seemed to thrill
with enthusiasm and confidence the
young men of the State. He assumed
"the personal direction of the troops
and inspired) them with patriotism and
courage. His immortal reply to halt-
ing men as to who would lead them,
"I will lead them," captivated the
country. He did lead them, and vic-
tory was the result. He was accorded
the rank of Major-General in the
army.

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Beloved and honored by all classes
of people, when his term of office ex-
pired in 1816 he retired to his lovely
estate, "Traveler's Rest," near Dan-
ville, Ky.

He was a member of the Presbyteri-
an church, and gave the lot and assist-
ed to build a chapel on his farm for
the worship of this denomination.
He died 12th July, 1826.

In "The Interior" (Chicago), in an
article by Rev. F. L. Bullard— "The
Contribution of the Presbyterian
Church to American Independence" —
we find the following allusion to Gov.
Isaac Shelby (July 3, 1902):

"Presbyterian clergymen were ac-
counted the ringleaders of the rebel-
lion. The troops who won at King's
Mountain were nearly all Presbyteri-
ans, and they were commanded by six
colonels every one of whom was a
Presbyterian elder. They were, first,
Isaac Shelby, the first Governor of
Kentucky," etc. "The heroism of the
Presbyterians won the battles of Cow-
pens and of King's Mountain, and
these splendid victories in the South
are celebrated as the turning point of
the struggle."

In the spring of 1783 Isaac Shelby
returned to Kentucky, then struggling
for statehood. He settled at Boones-
boro and there married Miss Susana
Hart, daughter of the noted pioneer
and soldier, Col. Nathaniel Hart. It
has come to be an historical fact that
this pioneer bride "raised the flax
which she wove and spun into' her
wedding gown, with an art so clever,"
it is said, "that she could draw the
widths thro' her wedding ring."

As evidences of the regard in which
the historical and patriotic societies
of this State hold these eminent ex-
amples of the manhood and woman-
hood of early times. Three chap-
ters of the society of the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution

are called for the Shelbys in Ken-
tucky—at Owen»bore is the "Isaac
Shelby Chapter," at Paducah the "Ev-
an Shelby Chapter," and at Versailles
was the "Susana Hart Chapter," called
for the noble wife of Gov. Shelby.
This society is now suspended.

The descendants of Governor Shelby
and his wife are scattered throughout
the Union. By the will of Governor
Shelby, of record in the LincolnCounty
Court, we learn through the politeness
of the County Court Clerk, this wor-
thy couple had eight children whose
names are as follows: James, Thom-
as, Evan, Isaac, Alfred, Sallie Mc-
Dowall, Susanah Shannon and Leti-
tia Todd.

Throughout his life, it is said, the
blessing of God followed Isaac Shel-
by, "even down to old age." Now
when the leaves of his biography are
opened, the fragrant memory of this
rare man's life-work is as "precious
ointment poured forth."

We give the following notice of his
death, which appeared at the time, in
the Western Luminary, published at
Lexington, Ky., July 16, 1826:

"Death of Isaac Shelby.

"This good and great man is also
numbered with the distinguished
dead. He died tranquil and happy at
his farm in Lincoln, in the afternoon
of Thursday last, the 12th inst., in
the seventy-sixth year of his age.

"A short time before his death, and
after he had dined with his family,
he walked as usual a hundred yards
or more for exercise, and returned to
the house, seated himself in a chair,
and in a few minutes expired without
a struggle. For some years past his
physical powers had been impaired
by paralysis, but his general health
of late had been such as to authorise
the hope that his excellent constitu-

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tion would sustain him many years
longer."

In this year (1826), on July 4th were
recorded the deaths of Thomas Jeffer-
son and John Adams, Isaac Shelby
surviving them eight days, hence "he
was numbered also with the dis-
tinguished dead."

The following chapter will be of in-
terest and service to the descendants:

"Credentials of General Evan Shel-
by, while acting as Captain in the
French and Indian Wars, in the Col-
onial Government in the Province of
Maryland.

"Maryland Calendar State Papers,
page 237. Correspondence of Govern-
or Sharpe:

"Sharpe to Forbes.

" '1st of Aug., 1758.
" To General Forbes:

" 'Sir — This serves to introduce to
you Capt. Shelby, who waits on Your
Excellency with his company of vol-
unteers to receive your commands.
He has served as a Lieut, more than
two years in the Maryland troops &
has always behaved well, which en-
courages me to hope that he and his
company will be found useful on the
present occasion. The expense I have
been at in furnishing of his men with
blankets, leggings, moccasins & camp
kettles is S. 82. 3. 10. pens, currency,
& as Capt. Shelby & his Lieut., who
was likewise an Officer in our Troops
untill the end of May last, found them-
selves under some Difficulties by not
being paid the Arrears that were due
them. I have let each of them have
S. 15. out of the S. 510. currency,
which, with Your Excellency's Ap-
probation, Mr. Kilby is to advance
towards paying the Maryland Forces.
I most sincerely wish Your Excellency
the perfect Recovery of Your Health
& a successful Campaign, & I am, &<•.'

"Letter, Bk. Ill, page 212. (Mary-
land Calendar State Papers.) Copy

of Capt. Shelby's report from Fred-
erick, the 25th of June, 1758.
''(Signed) 'Evan Shelby.'

"Maryland Calendar State Papers.
Letter, Bk. Ill, page 206.

(Sharpe to Capt. Evan Shelby.)

" '15th of June, 1758.
" 'As it will be of the greatest Ben-
efit to His Majesty's Service to keep
open the communication between
Fort Frederick & Fort Cumberland,
you are hereby directed to reconnoitre
& mark out as strait a Road as the
Country will admit from this Place
to Fort Cumberland, taking particu-
lar notice of the several waters that
are to be passed, the soil on each side
of the Ford's and where Bridges may
be necessary. If any Rocks or marshy
Land, you are to report the same with
the time that 500 men will take to cut
the Road.'

"Letter Bk. 1, pages 358-359.
"Sharpe to Calvert (Extract).

" 'On the 25th, Capt. Shelby return-
ed & reported that he bad recon*
noitred the Country between this
Place & Fort Cumberland, agreeable
to the Instructions which I bad given
him the 15th in compliance with Colo.
Bouquet's Request, & that he was sat-
isfied 350 men might open such a road
as he proposed in three weeks, that
he was certain it would not be 60
miles in length, and that altho' two
or three hills did intervene, yet that
they were not so steep nor difficult
to ascend as those which lay between
Fort Lyttleton and Rays Town had
been represented 1 . Upon the whole,
the Report was such as gave St. John,
to whom I immediately sent it, so good
an opinion of the Proposal, that by
a Letter which my express returned
with the 27th, he desired' me to give
Orders for its being carried into ex-
ecution & promised to send three or
four hundred men hither for that pur-
pose.' "

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The Last Message.

(Founded upon the last message sent out at Johnstown, Pa., by a lady telegrapher.)
Taken from Spears— "Dear Old Kentucky."

By Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

While the waters rolled around her,

While the blinding storm swept down,
There the hour of danger found her

In that death devoted town.
Standing like a Christian martyr

At her post of duty, brave.
Sending out the thrilling message

Held above the white-capped wave,

'^Fly for your lives to hills above you,

"Stay— you perish in the dale,
"Fly, with all around who love you;

"See! the flood pours down the vale.
Till the waters tore asunder

.Throbbing wires in its path,
Till the flood, like crashing thunder,

Shattered all beneath its wrath.

Till the valley like an ocean,

White with ruin in its hand,
Reeled and groaned in mad commotion,

Tossing homes like grains of sand;
Till the air was full of walling,

And the valley full of drowned,
Till the floor beneath her failing

Crushed the walls in all around.

Till no hope of succor reached her

(From despairing hearts and brave,
She sent out the thrilling message

Other lives than hers to save;
In the storm blown deathly billows

She was crushed and borne away,
On its wild and foam- wreathed pillow

Whirled and whipped to death, she lay.

Her last message— life-bought warning,

Oh! how noble were her words,
And no more heroic action

History ever here records;
Thus she gave her life for others,

Thus she perished at her post,
Read this, women, sisters, mothers,

And keep her deed for our boast

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John J. yiudubon.

The following communication from
Mr. Alves, of Henderson, concerning
the great painter and ornithologist,
John J. Audubon, will interest those
so little acquainted with his life in
Henderson, Kentucky. He is known
to the world as ia naturalist and un-
rivalled painter of birds, and squirrels
and other children of the forests.
When Rafinesque visited America, he
visited Audubon at Henderson, and
we read "spent several days with this
then greatest ornithologist in the
world." Audubon showed him his
splendid collection of colored draw-
ings, afterwards published in England
in many volumes. Of 170 subscribers
at $1,000 each (f 170,000) to his "Birds
of America," nearly one-half was con-
tributed by England and France.
These paintings of birds and quadru-
peds are very rare now, and bring fab-
ulous prices in Europe. Audubon was 1
born in Louisiana, May 4, 1780, and
died in New York City January 27,
1851, aged seventy-one. He was edu-
cated in art by the celebrated David,
in France, and enjoyed the distinction
of having outrivaled his teacher in
painting the children of the woods. —
(Ed. The Register.)

December, 1897.

Mrs. Jennie C. Morton,

Editor The Register:

Complying with your request, I am
herewith pleased to contribute of
what information I am possessed of
history associated with the life of the
world-renowned John J. Audubon dur-
ing his residence in Henderson, as

learned from old-time citizens long
numbered among the saints.

I take it that Mr. Audubon was a
man of scrupulous honesty. He placed
the highest value possible upon his
word, holding it in all things the equal
of his bond. He was, while a plain
man in his heart, somewhat of a con-
noisseur in his tastes. He was lack-
ing in business tact, and, as all men
like him, was easily imposed upon.
His confidence in his fellow-man: was
co-equal with his own self-respect. He
was a man who would go his whole
length for a friend, while neglecting
his own affairs. In short, he pre-
ferred doing for others while his own
was left undone from day to day, or
neglected altogether. His confidence
led him to extend credit to any man
he knew, and from this goodness of
his heart he became a heavy loser.
Men took advantage of him, and an
easier prey for the sharper was not
to be found. His disposition was of
a roving nature — his whole life being
wrapped up in studying Nature and
Nature's ways. He was devoted to
the woods and wilds, and would stay
for weeks and months in the forests
gaining the choicest information of
things most interesting to him. In
brief, he was a child of Nature, and
was satisfied with no other life than
that enjoyed in the wilds of Ken-
tucky watching the habits of birds
and breathing the pure air from the
heavens.

It is agreed that Mr. Audubon ar-
rived at the "Yellow Banks," now
Henderson, in the year 1812. Soon
after landing here he, in co-partner-

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ship with Thomas W. Bakewell, ap-
plied to the town trustees for a lease
on a portion of the city front. The
trustees gave them 200 feet square,
beginning at the corner opposite lot
No. 4, corner of Water and Second
streets, for a term of ninety-four
years, they, A. and B., agreeing to
pay for the same at the rate of $20
per annum. During that year, to-wit,
1812, Audubon and Bakewell erected
a grist mill on the leased ground, and
for several years did all the grinding
for the farmers living around and
many miles from the mill.

The old mill, or the shell left, is
still standing where it wag built 85
years or more ago. It was a remark-
ably constructed building, the foun-
dation being of rock and strong enough
to withstand the weight of the Chi-
cago postoffiee. The joists are of trees
cut down near by, none of them being
less than one foot in diameter; they
are unhewn and* in their natural
growth as they stood in woods. The
bark is not removed. These heavy
trees are laid from wall to wall, closer
together than the ordinary sawed
joists of to-day are placedi No weight
that could ever have been placed on
the floor of this mill could have made
an impression. When it is known that
there is no rock near Henderson, it
becomes a matter of mere conjecture
where Mr*. Audubon brought the foun
dation and first-story rock from. He
must have cordeled it from below or
floated it in boats from away above
Henderson.

In those days the mode of naviga-
tion was in canoes and by cordeling,
certainly a most tedious and patience-
worrying process. The Ohio river
bank at that time extended some one
hundred yards out beyond the mill
and contained a beautiful grove of
trees in which the farmers fed when
waiting at the mill for their grinding.

As before stated, this old structure
is still standing, and is well worth
viewing in comparison with modern
structures used for the same purpose.
It was the first mill in all this section
of Kentucky, and was a great conven-
ience.

Two years after the building of this
mill, Mr. Audubon, on the lot adjoin-
ing, and just below, caused to be built
a saw-mill, the ttrst known hereabouts.
The mode then employed was known
as "whip sawing, " and on completing
the mill, the mode existing was com-
pletely revolutionized, Mr. Audubon
employing steam was enabled 1 to sup-
ply all of the demand and with a much
better lumber for building. Several
years after the completion of the saw-
mill, and just when such an institu-
tion was most needed, the mill was
burned, drawing a total loss, as no
such thing as insurance was then
known. Nothing daunted by this
heavy loss, Mr. Audubon kept on at
his favorite pastime of hunting and
roving in the woods. During the year
1816 Mr. Audubon and his friend,
Samuel Bowen, built a small boat with
steam attachments. For what pur-
pose this boat was intended is not
known. It is known, however, that
the commander employed to run her
proved a great scoundrel. He ran the
boat out of the Ohio, down the Mis-
sissippi to New Orleans without au-
thority. Mr. Audubon, hearing of
this, procured a skiff and started in
pursuit. With all the fiery energy
for which he was so noted, he con-
tinued the long journey which ap-
peared, the further he went, to be the
more of love's labor lost. However,
on his arrival at New Orleans, he
found his little craft and instituted
suit to recover her. Being surrounded
by a complication of troubles, and
rather than be further annoyed, he
sold the boat for a mere song and re-

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turned to Henderson overland. A
walk of a hundred miles, or even five
hundred miles, was never a drawback
when his mind was bent on the ac-
complishment of a purpose. It will
be observed that he was a man of ex-
traordinary energy. During his life
here he operated a grist mill, a saw-
mill, a general merchandise store, con-
tracted for buildings and built boats.
During all these eventful years he
paid far more attention to the woods
and forests than he did to his business
enterprises. In fact, it may be said
his enterprises, in a very great meas-
ure, were left to take care of them-
selves while he was off on a hunt.

As a natural consequence his losses
were very heavy and finally reduced
him to penury.

Mr. Audubon was a man of undaunt
ed courage, as was proved in a number
of encounters had by him with men
known as desperadoes in those days.
One man lost his life at his hands on
the streets of Henderson, and several
others were made to regret having
come in contact with him. At one
time he observed a cowardly officer
of the law trying to arrest a river
pirate who was preparing to escape,
and was greatly disgusted with him.
The officer had summoned a boy to go
with him to arrest the criminal, and
this was more than the fiery Audubon
could consent to witness. Stepping
up, he said to the officer, "You cow-
ard, you, if you are afraid to do your
duty, don't force a boy into trouble;
summon me." Glad of the opportuni-
ty, the summons was immediately is-
sued and off they went in search of
the offender, Mr. Audubon in the lead.
They traced the man to the river and
found him about to shove his canoe
out into the stream. He was halted
in time, and staightening himself he
said to the officer, "What do you
want?" Upon his reply, the despera-

do looked at him and said, with an
oath, "You are a coward, but that
man with you looks like he would
fight, so I will take him first;" so say
ing, the fellow, with a long, danger-
ous, murderous-looking knife, advanc-
ed upon Mr. Audubon, who, in turn,
picked up an old oar lying near by
and prepared to defend himself. The
weapon in the hands of Mr. Audubon
interposed no obstacle, for he still ad-
vanced. He was warned by Mr. Au-
dubon to surrender and not resist ar-
rest, but, heedless of the summons,
he continued to advance. When with-
in striking distance and he was about
to plunge his knife into the assistant
officer, Mr. Audubon let drive with
the oar in his hands and felled the
fellow apparently dead to the ground.
Thinking the man dead, Dr. Rankin
the leading practitioner then here,
was hurriedly sought for, and on his
arrival at the place and on examina-
tion found that a piece of the skull
about the size of a silver dollar had
been driven in and was pressing down
on the brain. With the only appli-
ances known to pioneer surgery, the
doctor went down into his pocket and
drew therefrom a gimlet. With this
he bored a hole through the broken
particle of skull bone and pulled it
back to its place. The fellow was
then marched up the hill and away to
the old log lock-up to await the pleas-
ure of the squire.

In addition to the large amount of
business Mr. Audubon had accumu-
lated upon his hands, he was some-
what of a speculator in town lots.
Henderson had been laid off into lots,
and many of the best-situated were
purchased and re-sold by Mr. Audu-
bon. He recorded in the county clerk's
office there a large number of convey-
ances to him and by him to others.
He seemed to have a preference for
lots above Second street. Mr. Audu-

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bon was a man of wonderful enter-
prise and endless and untiring energy.
With his progressive spirit, coupled
with his splendid mind, had he had
associated with him an honest partner
of system and business tact, he would
unquestionably have accumulated an
immense estate. He was always hard
run, but no man ever accepted his
trouble with more grace and compos-
ure.

For two years or more his family,
while he was away from home, resided
with the family of Dr. Adam Rankin,
at what is now known as the Banks
farm, a mile and 1 a half out on the
Gario gravel road. At the home of
Dr. Rankin Mr. Audubon's two sons

were born. By way of remuneration
for their board, Mrs. Audubon, who
was a brilliant woman intellectually,
taught Dr. Rankin's children; in short,
she presided as governess and was a
very great helpmate in the family.
Mr. Audubon and Dr. Rankin were
firm, fast friends, devotedly attached
to each other. Mr. William Rankin,
eldest son of Dr. Rankin, frequently
accompanied Mr. Audubon on his trips
to the forests, and would remain for
days with him. The old house in
which the Audubon boy« were born
is still standing and in comparatively
good condition.

Very respectfully,

WM. L. ALVES.

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The jfttac% on the Spanish Gunboats at Cardenas.

Hy a Kentuckian. Cemr. Chap. Todd.

On May 9, 1898, the commanding
officer of the Wilmington, while at
Key West, Florida, received orders
from the commodore commanding the
blockading force to convey and land
near Cayo Frances, north coast of
Cuba, Senor Juan Jova, aid to Gener-
al Maximo Gomez, commanding the
Cuban army. Upon the completion
of this duty, the Wilmington was to
return to Cardenas and relieve the
Machias, Commander J. F. Merry,
commanding.

Senor Jova and his pilot having
been successfully landed at the desig-
nated place, the Wilmington steered
for the blockading station off Carde-
nas, and arrived five miles off Piedras
Key lighthouse at daylight on the 11th
instant, when the Machias was sight-
ed. The sea being smooth, Command-
er Todd went on board the Machias
to report to his senior, Commander
Merry, and show his orders for re-
lieving the latter in charge of the Car-
denas blockade. The Machias then
proceeded to her daylight anchorage
inside the lighthouse, or in the outer
anchorage to Cardenas Bay, where
deep draft vessels trading with that
port were obliged to lighter their car-
goes. The Wilmington, in obedience
to signal, followed the Machias to the
anchorage, Commander Todd remain-
ing on board the latter vessel. As
the Piedras Key lighthouse was
rounded, three Spanish gunboats, the
two larger ones each having a schoon-
er in tow, were observed lying near
the signal station on Diana Key, ap-
2-H

parently observing our movements,
but soon after disappearing, mov-
ing in the direction of the city of
Cardenas.

It was the presence of these gun-
boats that made the outer anchorage
unsafe at night for the blockading
vessels, for the former being of light
draft could move through almost ev-
ery channel between the many keys,
and in the darkness make a dash and
possibly sink a vessel at anchor. The
two principal channels were believed
to be mined with torpedoes to keep
the American vessels from entering
and damaging the city of Cardenas
by bombardment. The general depth
of water in the inner bay, or Cardenas
bay proper, was about twelve feet,
and as the Machias drew thirteen and
one-half, she could do nothing to des-
troy these gunboats which remained
in the inner bay. The advisability of
their destruction was discussed be-
tween Commanders Merry and Todd,
and the former expressed bis regrets
that he had been unable to move into
the bay in pursuit. As the Wilming-
ton was a light draft gunboat and
drew only ten feet, Commander Todd
at once expressed his willingness to
make the attempt if a channel not
mined could be found.

The revenue cutter, Hudson, one of
the blockading vessels, had anchored
inside somewhat sooner than the Ma-
chias and Wilmington, and soon after
the torpedo boat Winslow came in
and anchored. Commander Todd sug-
gested that these two vessels accom-

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pany the Wilmington in order to pre-
vent the Spanish gunboats from es-
caping over the shoals where the Wil-
mington could not go. To this Com-
mander Merry assented, but cau-
tioned the commanding officer of the
Wilmington against the impudence of
the commanding officer of the Winslow!
Lieutenant Bernadou, stating that a
few days previously the Winslow had,
without authority, entered the inner
bay and came very near being cap-
tured by the Spanish gunboats, which
were lying in wait for her, secreted
behind the keys, and only the quick
work of the Machias with her 4-inch
guns had saved her.

The anchorage at Piedras Key was
the only one along the entire line of
blockade from Bahia Honda to Car-
denas where our ships could lie and
coal with safety or make temporary
repairs, hence its importance to the
blockading fleet; and to make it of
much greater value, so the blockading
vessels could lie in security dVuring
the night, it was essential that this
menacing force of gunboats should be
destroyed.

Returning on board the Wilming-
ton, Commander Todd consulted the
chart and the Cuban pilot, a native of
Cardenas. A close inspection disclos-
ed a possible channel between Romero
Key and Cayo-Blanoo. The pilot was
dubious, in fact admitted he had never
been through. The commanding offi-
cers of the WinslQw and Hudson were
signaled to repair on board the Wil-
mington about 10 a. m. On their ar-
rival the plan of entering the inner
bay in quest of the Spanish gunboats
was explained and both expressed a
desire to accompany the Wilmington
with their vessels. They were then
told to sound through the proposed
channel and report the depth of water
found. At about 11 a. m. the Winslow
reported the channel possible, and the

Wilmington got under way and pro-
ceeded carefully in that direction. By
noon the doubtful channel had been
successfully passed through and the
three vessels headed across Cardenas
bay in the general direction of the
city.

The bay of Cardenas is, in a general
way, about circular, and the diameter
about ten miles. The distance to be
traveled by the vessels, avoiding
shoal spots, was about twelve miles.
To prevent the Spanish gunboats es-
caping over shoal water in this large
expanse, the Winslow and Hudson
were thrown out as flankers on each
side of the Wilmington, the Winslow
to the left, the Hudson to the right.
The former kept her proper distance,
but the Hudson spread out more than
was intended, quite two and one-half
miles.

This general disposition of the ves-
sels was maintained until the town
was two miles distant, when signal
was made to close in on the Wilming-
ton. The weather was hazy, but not
thick, with a light breeze from the
eastward. As the city was approached
the crews of two Spanish vessels an-
chored in the bay were seen to desert
them and pull ashore. These vessels
could, of course, have been destroyed,
but that was not the object of the ex-
pedition (the unnecessary destruction
of private property), but the destruc-
tion of Spanish government vessels
was. At this time nothing could be
seen of the gunboats, but the smallest
of the three was observed to run up
a shallow channel and disappear be-
hind a wooded key. A forest of masts
of small sailing vessels could now be
seen along and among the wharves
fronting the city, and it was believed
that the two larger gunboats would
be found among them.

The shoal water in Cardenas bay
compelled the Wilmington to proceed

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at alow speed, and two hours were
. required to reach the city after pass-
ing through Romero channel; and as
the distance was nearly twelve miles,
the vessels closed in on the shipping
in front of Cardenas at about 2 p. m.
At this time the Winslow was close
to the Wilmington, the Hudson about
one mile distant, but closing in rap-
idly. When abreast the wharves, the
Wilmington was turned to bring her
broadside to bear, in eleven feet of
water, she then being up against a
bank formed off the city front ex-
tending about one mile (2,000 yards)
from the shore. Her engines were
turning ahead as slow as possible and
every spy-glass in the ship and on
board the Winslow turned to discover
the whereabouts of the gunboats in
hiding. As they could not be made
out, the Winslow, which drew six feet
of water, was ordered by the com-
manding officer of the Wilmington to
close in and see if she could locate
them. The Winslow turned at once
and steered toward the wharves. She
had not proceeded more than three or
four hundred yards when she was
fired at by a gunboat moored bows
out to the wharf; but the shot fell
two hundred yards short. Immedi-
ately the Wilmington and Winslow
returned the fire and the engagement
became general, the smoke from the
enemy's guns fixing their location;
the object of the Winslow's closing
was attained and her commanding of-
ficer should have at once returned to
the Wilmington.

The Hudson soon came up and
joined in the fray with her six-pound-
ers. When the first gun was fired the
Winslow's engines were stopped, but
her headway carried her two hundred
yards further towards the batteries
on shore. Her commanding officer
was not ordered to engage the gun-
boats, but to locate them, the same

as a scout is sent to locate an enemy
by a land force. But in his anxiety
to get into the engagement Lieuten-
ant Be ran do u allowed his vessel to
run into the range-buoys of the Span-
iards (as stated by himself later, on
board the Wilmington). A hot fire was
kept up by all three of the vessels
for about fifteen minutes, when the
Winslow backed out of range and sig-
naled "her steering igear had been
cut." The Wilmington and Hudson
were kept moving slowly to prevent
the Spaniards getting their range,
while the Wilmington and HudBon
continued to keep up a rapid fire on
the gunboats.

With the light wind blowing, dense
clouds of smoke hung around the ves-
sels greatly impeding rapidity of fire.
After lying clear of the guns on shore
for some time, the Winslow was ob-
served to be steaming again in the
direction of the wharves, and finally
stopped, not in the same spot as at
first, but in about the same general
locality. It was also observed the
enemy's projectiles were falling
around her. Once the batteries and
gunboats stopped firing, but that
from the Wilmington and Hudson
continued. The enemy resumed fir-
ing soon after the Winslow steamed
in a second time. About 3 p. m., the
Winslow signaled to the Hudson to
tow her out of action as she was com-
pletely disabled. She had, by work-
ing one engine, managed to work back
a considerable distance from where
she was last struck, but Lieutenant
Bernadou felt he could do no more.
The last shot fired at the Winslow
killed Ensign Bagley and four men
near him, the shell having struck a
hose reel standard and exploded in
their midst.

The Hudson managed to get a line
to the Winslow and worked her out
toward the Wilmington, but there

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was no firing from shore after the
line was attached; the Wilmington,
however, kept her guns going until
all firing from ashore had ceased for
fifteen minutes.

While a large number of projectiles
were fired at both the Wilmington and
Hudson, their being kept moving and
clear of the enemy's range buoys pre-
vented their being struck, or having
any casualties. The commanding of-
ficer of the Winslow erred in his judg-
ment in not keeping his vessel clear
of the range buoys, and greatly so in
again steaming into practically the
same spot, after once getting out,
and with his steering gear disabled.
The casualties on board the Winslow
occurred after she had steamed in
the second time. This error of judg-
ment undoubtedly arose from Lieuten-
ant Bernadou's intense anxiety to be
in the fight, but the small caliber of
his guns, the vulnerability of his ves
sel, the impossibility of using his tor-
pedoes, as evidence by his removing
his primers from the war-heads,
should have led him to take extra oare
in exposing the Winslow to the gun-
fire he knew the Spanish gunboats to
}K>Hses8. He was not ordered to at-
tack, but to locate the gunboats. To
rely upon his feeble gunfire to damage
a superior enemy can not be called
good professional judgment, no mat-
ter how gallantly attempted.

The surgeon of the Wilmington was
sent on board the Winslow to attend
the wounded, which were, as soon as
possible, removed to the Wilmington;
the Hudson took the W T inslow in tow,
her steering gear and engines being
disabled, and the three vessels pro-
ceeded to the outer anchorage near
the Machias. On our arrival, just be-
fore sunset, we were heartily greeted
by the crew of the Machias, who
manned rigging and cheered.

The killed and wounded were trans-
ferred to the Hudson for transporta-

tion to Key West, and work begun on
the temporary repairs needed to send
the Winslow to the same place under
her own steam. This work was com-
pleted and, in charge of one of the
Wilmington's officers (Ensign Bailey),
the Winslow steamed at a ten-knot
speed to Key West the morning of the
12th of Mav.

The amount of damage from the
guns of the three vessels engaged
could not be determined at the time,
apart from the burning of two or
three buildings near the location of
the gunboats; but a few days later,
there came on board a Cuban pari-
flco who was in Cardenas at the time
of the engagement, and who visited
the locality where the gunboats were
lying the day following. He brought
the information that both the large
gunboats were riddled and practical-
ly destroyed. They could not sink, as
they were lying in only six feet of
water. This information was un-
doubtedly correct, for nothing in the
shape of a gunboat was seen for six
weeks later, and they had been
brought up from Sagua La Granie, af-
ter our vessels failed to again enter
the inner bay, which was in obedience
to orders from the officer in command
of the blockading force.

The net result of this attack on
Cardenas may be stated:—

(1.) The destruction of two Spanish
gunboats.

(2.) It was the first severe blow
struck which had great effect upon the
swarms of Spanish gunboats sur-
rounding the Island of Cuba, render-
ing their attacks by night less prob-
able, as shown by experience.

(3.) It made feasible the anchorage
at Piedras Light House for coal.

(4.) It made the Spanish feel they
were not free from attack, even
though the channels were mined and
forever destroyed their sense of se-
curity, no matter how well defended

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{hey might be, and that American
ships of war would take and hold the
offensive during the war.

(5.) Here was made evident the
great advantage of smokeless powder
over the ordinary brown powder used
by the American ships. The only gun
used by the Spaniards burning brown
powder was the one that fired from
the bow of the gunboat moored bows
out at the wharf. The others, includ-
ing field guns observed on the shore
and the machine guns on both gun.
boats, used only smokeless powder,
thus making a very poor target from
a vessel surrounded, as were the
American ships, by clouds of over-
hanging smoke.

A few lines of explanation may en-
able the reader to understand the
following personal letter written by
Secretary Long to Commander C. 0.
Todd, at his request, with permission
of the publioation of the letter above
mentioned. •

During and after our conflict with
Spain, many false statements and
newspaper articles were spread over
the country by the friends of Lieuten.
ant Bernadou, in order to arouse pub-
lic sympathy for their friend, and to
.get him promoted; at this they suc-
ceeded, regardless of law or the in-
justice they were doing a senior of-
ficer while he (Commander Todd) was
on active duty, not knowing that he
was continually being misrepresented
to the public and to his friends.

On his return, Commander Todd
-called on the Secretary to find if any-

thing official had been filed against
his ship's officers for the part taken by
4 hem in the battle of Cardenas. Af-
ter being assured that the Secretary
knew of none, a few days later, at the
request of Commander Todd, the fol-
lowing letter was received:—

Navy Department,
Washington, D. C, Dec, 10, 1898.
My Dear Sib: —

Referring to conversation with you
this morning, I am happy to repeat
that no blame or adverse criticism
has ever been expressed in this De-
partment with relation to the part
taken by the Wilmington in the naval
engagement at Cardenas on the 11th
of May last.

Upon inquiry of the Board of Pro*
motions, I am informed that it has had
nothing under consideration criticis.
ing the Wilmington or its officers. All
reports relating to the matter have
been before this Board, and it fur*
ther informs me that, so far from any
inclination on its part to criticise the
Wilmington or its officers, it is of
opinion that their action was in the
line of duty, gallantly performed, and
that the casualties and loss of life oc-
curring in the engagement were an
incident of the service and that no
fault attaches to the Wilmington or
its officers in that respect.

Very truly yours,
JOHN D. LONG.

Commander C. C. Todd, U. 8. A T ., Command-
ing V. 8. 8. Wilmington, HwmpUm Roads,
Virginia.

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Historical Sketches of 'Banners Used by Kentucky
Troops During the Spanish War, 1899.

"Bp Capt. Ed. Porter Thompson, Compiter of Confederate Records.

Under the call for volunteers to
serve dining the Spanish war, (1898},
Kentucky furnished four regiments of
infantry and two troops of cavalry.

The First Regiment, (the old Louis-
ville Legion), commanded by Col. John
B. Castleman, carried, for regimental
and headquarters use, the United
States flag and a Kentucky flag — the
latter being a silk flag, on which is
embroidered the Kentucky coat of
arms and other devices — presented to
the regiment by patriotic ladies. Both
these banners became tattered during
the Porto Rican campaign. They
now constitute, properly inscribed,
part of the collection in the rooms of
our Historical Society.

The Second Regiment carried the
regulation flag furnished by the War
Department and a blue silk flag, regu-
lation size, on which is embroidered
the Kentucky coat of arms, with the
motto, "United We Stand, Divided We
Fall," and the inscription, "Second
Kentucky United States Volunteer
Infantry." This special flag waspr»'«
sented to the regiment by the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution, of
Lexington, and is now in the posses*
sion of the commander, Col. Ed. H.
Oaither, Harrodsburg. The national
standard is carried by the Second Reg.
iment of the State Guard.

The Third Regiment bad the nation-
al colors and a silk flag, regulation
size, presented by patriotic ladies.
The ratter had embroidered on one side
the Kentucky coat of arms, on the
other, the American eagle in the at*
titude of swooping down upon an en-

emy. Both of these banners are now
in the care of Col. Thomas J. Smith,
at Bowling Green, who commanded
the volunteer regiment in 1898 and is
now in command of the Third Reg:*
ment State Guard.

The Fourth Regiment had both the
national flag and a special Kentucky
flag, presented by patriotic ladies.
The latter was a silk flag, regulation
size, on one side of which is embroid-
ued the Kentucky coat of arms, on the
other an American eagle in the atti-
tude of swooping down on an enemy.
Both of these banners were for a time
in the possession of the commander.
Col. David G. Colson, of Middlesboro.
Subsequently, they were turned over
to Gen. David R. Murray, Adjutant-
General of Kentucky, who was the
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fourth Reg-
iment. With Col. Colson's consent,
they were given for preservation, as
relics of the Spanish war, to the "Ken.
tucky Society of Colonial Daughters,"
to be kept in the rooms of the Stare
Historical Society, where they are now
deposited, with appropriate labels.

Troop A, Kentucky Volunteer Cav.
airy, commanded by Capt. U. 8. G.
Perkins, now of Middlesboro, carried
only a small guidon, 4x6-/ 2 ft., regu.
lation colors, presented by Gov. Brad*
ley. This is now held by Union Col-
lege, Barboursville, Ky.

Troop B, Kentucky Volunteer Cav-
alry, commanded by Oapt. Jefferson
Prater, of Salyersville, had a guidon
similar to that of Troop A. The
whereabouts of B's guidon is un-
known.

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A 'Beautiful Compliment.

The Society of "Colonial Daugh-
ters," now embraced in the State Hie-
torical Society, proudly received the
beautiful flag, donated to them on
Wednesday, the reception day, at the
Historical rooms. This, implied rec-
ognition of their services to the State
by General David L. Murray and Co).
Colston is deeply appreciated by
them. It is to them, more than to
any other society or order, that Ken.
tucky is indebted for the perpetuation
of her Historical Society, and the
preservation of her paintings, relics,
souvenirs and historic flags in that
department of the State set apart
many years ago as the Historical
rooms.

They have written and compiled
valuable histories of the pioneers who
founded the State and the settlers

who founded and made the capital.
Their patriotism and interest for the
welfare of the State has, indeed, made
it possible "that one generation shall
praise its works to another, and shall
declare its mighty acts," according to
David's Psalm of praise for his king-
dom.

When the flag came in, it was wel-
corned right royally by the society and
the visitors present. It is very beau-
tiful and stands unfurled in the north-
east corner of the large front room of
the Historical Society. There it will
be kept for awhile, that those persons
who enjoyed examining the artist to
beauty of our State flags may have
this pleasure. In the January num-
ber of the "Register" will be found the
history of the seal, designed by Gov.
ernor Isaac Shelby

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The Migration of Trade Centers.

By Dr. Robert E. J ones. President of Hobart College.

[We regard the following paper as one
of the moat instructive reviews of
historical information, on this par-
ticular subject, that has been read
before any historical society during
this century.]

The migration of trade centers has
been in progress from the dawn of
time. We can not trace history back
far enough to observe the cities of
.the river-basins of India, China, Mes-
opotamia, and Egypt begin to throw
out lines of trade and communication
beyond the deltas where wealth and
civilization first found favoring con-
ditions. We know that there was a
constantly increasing volume of trade
borne on the Nile, Euphrates, Ganges
and Yellow Rivers, and that the areas
affected constantly increased. Bitter
divides the history of civilization into
three stages, the potamic, the thalas-
sic and the oceanic, according aB the
means of inter-communication have
been rivers, inland seas, or the broad
oceans. The potamic stage is dim
with the mists of antiquity; we can
surmise its characteristics only from
the present uses of the great rivers
of Africa and Siberia. In the pota.
mic stage there was no world-unity.
Each river-basin was a center of so-
cial organization with little relation
to any other. Each was self-sufficing
and complete, but when the Phoeni-
cians joined the deltas of the Nile,
the Indus, and Euphrates by commer-
cial routes, pervaded the East with
caravans, and covered the Mediterran-
ean with their ships, the world-unity,

whose still increasing power we feel
to-day, had been effected. With the
supremacy of Tyre the thalassic stage
of history began. For centuries to
come the Mediterranean was to be the
center of the world and the discovery
of the mariner's compass, of a sea-
route to India, and of a new world to
the West, would be needed to end
the thalassic and 1 usher in the oceanic
era of history. One period of the
oceanic stage, the Atlantic, is well ad-
vanced, the second, the Pacific, has
barely begun. The future student will
divide history into four eras: The per-
iod of the rivers, of the Mediterran-
ean, of the Atlantic and of the Pas
ciflc. There has always been a process
of expansion westward. Bishop
Berkeley's famous line, "Westward
the course of Empire takes its way,"
is history as well as poetry. New
areas of civilization are opened up,
new peoples take their places in the
world economy, commercial and po-
litical supremacy center in new places
in successive centuries, but the trend
is always westward. Tyre, Corinth
and Alexandria, Rome, Constanti-
nople, Venice and Genoa, Antwerp,
Amsterdam and London successively
gather to themselves power, prestige
and prosperity. Each epoch sees new
cities take the primacy, while their
older rivals languish and decay. Af-
ter two centuries of supremacy, Lon-
don fears a change in the commercial
equilibrium, and does its best to arrest
a movement begun long before the
Christian era. Bishop Berkeley was
right when he said, "Westward the

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TOR OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

course of Empire takes its way." H»
was a little premature, however, when
he saw Empire ''stand on tiptoe on the
European shore ready to pass to the
American strand," but his country*
men now fear that he was wrong only
iu his chronology.

Any constant phenomenon like this
is capable of explanation. To furnish
such explanation is the true province
of history. History is not a mere cat*
alogue of events, but a study of
causes. The shifting of the world-cen-
ter is not capricious. What are the
causes of its movement?

The explanation most often given Is
that political and military supremacy
confer commercial dominance. Borne
and England are called in proof, but
Rome flourished on military plunder
not on trade;. she was not an original
producer, her mercantile life was sec-
ondary, and, finally, Constantinople
robbed her of what trade she had and
compelled the removal of emperors to
the Golden Horn. The main trade
routes east and west crossed at Con-
stantinople and the legions could not
keep Rome imperial. To make Eng-
land's power the cause of her trade
is to put the cart before the horse.
The discovery of the new world and
her mastery of the Atlantic built up
England's prosperity and made ber
political dominance possible. The
England of Elizabeth was poor, and po.
litically third-rate Holland was never
paramount in arms. Political causes
are not primary.

Richness and diversity of natural
products are fundamental elements of
national prosperity. Nature is a pos-
itive source of wealth. The fertile
field, the quarry and the mine produce
value which industrial skill manipu-
lates, but does not create. That a
country should be prolific of food and
raw materials gives it a vast advan
tage in the economic strife. It is evi-
dent, also, that industrial skill, the

power to make of raw material what
the world desires to buy, is an added
earnest of success. When a gift for
manufacturing is a natural endow-
ment, the profits of the manipulator
are added to those of the original pro-
ducer.

These things are evident, but thsy
do not explain the westward trend of
trade-centers. Material resources are
fairly stable, the valley of the Nile
is as fertile now as it was in Moses'
time. The inherent aptitude of nations
remains much the same from age to
age. We can not trace an improve
ment in agriculture and manufacture
preceding and producing the transfer-
ence of trade supremacy. The Phoe-
nicians held but a strip of land along
the eastern shore of the Mediterran-
ean, their own manufactures were but
a tithe of what they marketed. Rome
was unable to grow its own food and
its craftsmen were seldom native
born. Venice was a group of muddy
islands in a barren lagoon. Amster-
dam was at the mercy of its dykes,
and London would collapse in a month
if its foreign supplies of food and raw
material were cut off. How little man.
ufacturing skill alone avails was
shown during our Civil War when the
blockade shut up every cotton mill in
Lancashire.

A study of the map of the Mediter-
ranean and of the position of its suc-
cessive trade-centers 1 , would suggest
that convenience of position, centrality
and ease of intercourse are primary
factors of trade supremacy. The Med-
iterranean was the focus of the
known world. The city on its shores
which, for the time being, was at the
center of the ever-enlarging area of
trade, where the main commercial
routes converged and crossed each oth*
er, gave the law to all the others.
The point where exchanges could be
made at least cost of transportation
to both parties, the commercial half-

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way house, became economically su.
preme. Tyre was mid-way between
the Persian Teheran and Tartessus in
new-found Spain. Constantinople wan
a half way house between Qaul and the
Indus. Venice became the meeting
place of lengthening routes joining the
Baltic with far Cathay. The discovery
of the new world and of a sea route to
India made Holland and England cen
tral and turned "Mediterranean" into
an entire misnomer. Impairment of
commercial convenience has always
been followed by a decline of prosper-
ity. The shifting of trade routes
brings about far-reaching economic
changes, the tunneling of the Alps has
heightened Italy's commercial rank,
the consequences of the cutting of
the Suez Canal are not yet fully devel-
oped, and the opening of the Nicar-
agua Canal will open also new chap-
ters in history.

But the centrality of which we speak
is not merely geographical. The dis>
covery of new continents to the west
was accompanied by readier inter-
course with the older peoples of the
East. China and India became access-
ible about the time of the discovery of
America. Lisbon was a better half'
way house to India and America than
London.

* The centrality under discussion is
a commercial centrality, which is not
measured in statute miles, but in terms
of combined ease of communication
with settled peoples and developed
civilization on one hand, and on the
other, with countries which furnish
opening markets «nd new sources of
raw materials. The point of greatest
profit is always somewhere on the
outer edge of the area already commer-
cially developed, as near as possible to
the territory to be exploited. Lines
of communication already established
can be lengthened at small cost, but
the advancement of transportation in-
to new and unsubdued districts is a

more serious matter, so the depot from
which new operations are to be con*
ducted is always carried as far as
possible toward the territory to be
developed. New people rise out of bar-
barism. Contact with higher civili-
zation creates in them new desires and
energies, new values are put upon their
products, services are exchanged with
mutual advantage, and the world-unity
is enlarged. Whenever new peoples
have become large producers and con-
sumers, there has been a change of
commercial equilibrium and the eco-
nomic focus has been readjusted. Had
America not been discovered, the
trade center would be still located
somewhere on the Mediterranean. A
new market draws the trade center
in its direction, whatever that may be.
The center has moved westward sim-
ply because it was westward that un«
developed continents were found. In-
tercourse with hitherto closed coun*
tries to the eastward tends to draw the
center in that direction. When an Ori-
ental nation abandons the hermit pol-
icy, the trade of Eastern Europe is
vastly stimulated. The conquests of
Alexander the Great, opening up the
hither Orient and Persia, caused the
decline of Athens and Corinth, and
made Antioch and Alexandria the cen-
ters of exchange. The march of Em.
pire was eastward at that time. The
movement of trade centers is due to the
magnetism of new markets. The pros-
perity of Tyre was the creation of
distant Spain, the discovery of which
with its silver was to the Phoenicians
what the discovery of South America
with its mines was to the Spaniards
in more modern times. The riches
and resources of awakening France
and Flanders and England drew tht*
chief marts to Venice and Genoa. Un>
developed Scandinavia and Russia
poured their trade into Antwerp, and
America was a magnet which drew the
world emporium to London, from

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whence the approaches to the Dew
source of wealth could be best com*
manded. The magnetism of new mar*
kets is the most potent and constant
cause of the migration of trade cen-
ters. There are lesser causes, but we
need not treat of them now. The pri-
mary course of commercial expansion
i9 a reaching out for new markets and
sources of raw materials; this expan>
sion has mainly tended westward, but
trade would exercise its magnetic
force in favor of the East should
commercial opportunities at any time
predominate in that direction.

The new market exercises compul*
sion over the world, it changes the
map, sets up one people and pulls
down another from their long suprem*
acy. Not alone the balance and pro-
portion of trade are changed, but all
other values and relations. But, can
we truly say that the new market ex-
ercises compulsion over the world
when a civilized nation employs all its
forces, political and social, to subdue
a new continent or bring some barbar*
ous people under its control? To many
people modern civilization seems the
immoral intrusion of arbitrary power.
There are two kinds of colonization,
the one governmental, the other pri-
vate and individual. In the first case
the government establishes a claim on
some undeveloped territory, sends out
its army and its civil governors, sets
up public machinery, invites merchants
and colonists to follow, and endeavors
to draw the natives into European
ways. Instances are found in Ton.
quin and German East Africa.
In private colonization, on the oth-
er hand, individuals see opportuni-
ties of gain and livelihood, and of their
own motion become settlers — conquer
nature, develop latent resources, and
at last demand the protection of their
own government. Such are the world*
encircling colonies of England. The
safe guards of English prestige are

thrown around self created industrial
communities, whose strength and pros-
perity are rooted in private initiative
and investment. France and Germany
appropriate derelict territory, send out
a corps of officials, and hope that
"trade will follow the flag." England's
dag follows trade, and only conde-
scends to wave when her sons have
at their own individual risk, created
something worth while waving over.
In one case we have land grabbing and
artificial colonization, and in the other
the compulsive attraction which unex.
ploited countries have always exercis-
ed on congested ones. Any colonizing
movements which has enlarged liveli.
hood as its object can not be called
either artificial, arbitrary or immoral.
The need of daily bread is the world's
motive force. As the older centers be-
come congested and life increasingly
difficult to sustain, any new land of
ampler opportunity will exercise com-
pulsion over the old. The compulsion
of avoiding starvation at home is a less
rhetorical way of putting it; in view of
the fundamental human necessity of
remaining alive, a new country where
daily bread may be more readily had,
exercises an attractive force no 1 ss
powerful than compulsion. The move-
ment which has drawn the trade cent-
er westward with it has always been
of this unartificial, compulsive nature.
Governmental colonization is a flat
failure in modern times. To reach out
after larger opportunities of livelihood
has always been the world's way of
praying "Give us this day our dai*
ly bread." In the abundance of
our natural resources we have hitherto
been unsympathetic with the European
struggle for life. Europe must reach
beyond its narrow borders or starve at
home. But our first flush of plenty
has passed away. Congestion is upon
us. It is very difficult for a young man
to get a start in life. Interest is so
low that a widow's little patrimony is

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insufficient to support her family, and
we must change our censorious atti-
tude towards those who go to the ends
of the world for mere daily bread.

The westward trend of trade centers
has been an index of the general move-
ment toward those parts of the earth
where openings for investment and
possibilities of livehood were, for the
time being, most ample and it is likely
that any area of investment or oppor-
tunity suddenly thrown open will
cause a change of commercial equili-
brium and the establishment of new
centers.

The most momentous of all contem-
porary events is the coming of the
Orient into the world-unity. The East
has awakened from her immemorial
sleep and aspires to take her place
in the international economy. Her
wants are multiplying, her energies
awaking, and her trade is the greatest
unappropriated asset of the commer-
cial world. The importance of tho
Chinese markets alone is shown by the
scramble of armed nations now taking
place. No one can forecast the total
outcome of this stupendous movement,
there is but one certainty, namely, that
the Orient will be profoundly felt
throughout our social fabric, and that
there will be a shifting of the trade
center in obedience to the Oriental
gravitation. The future location of the
t rade-center is the great controversy of
nations. Current international hap-
penings are intelligible only with ref-
erence to this dispute. <r Where shall
the trade-center shift to" is the debate
of Europe, the action of England, Rus*
sia and Germany is taken with refer-
ence to it, and the United States have
more at stake than is imagined.

The national trait of believing that
things must come our way leads some
people to assume that the center, mov-
ing always westward, can change only
from London to New York and after a
long interval, perhaps to San Fran-

cisco, to remain there permanently.
'•Westward the course of Empire takes
its way" is not the statement of a
law. Historical science, as well as cur-
rent happenings, suggest the possibil-
ity of a change of direction. There
are potent forces attracting the center
eastward, and its ultimate position is
wholly undetermined. Russia, France,
England, Italy and Germany strive for
concessions and spheres of influence n
China, most of them intending to shut
out competitors from whatever terri-
tory they can grasp. They hope to
make sure of some commercial benefit
by the forcible exclusion of rivals, but
underneath their bickering is the con-
viction that the most efficient and con-
venient lines of transportation will
give the final victory to the nation
that commands them. The spoils of
the Orient will fall to those controlling
superior trade routes.

Her position on the Atlantic gave
England the advantage in the exploit a.
tion of the new world, but to-day Eng-
land "hears the East a-caliing" and
her station in the northern ocean is
comparatively unfavorable. Between
her and the Oriental markets there are
competitors quick to use their geo-
graphical advantage. By maintaining
water routes in all directions and es-
pecially to the East, England strug-
gles hard to retain her prestige. There
is not an eastern sea whose waters are
not plowed by her subsidized merchant
marine, and the Suez Canal seems
worth holding at the coat of respon-
sibility for the whole of Egypt the
chronic exasperation of France, simply
because it is the turnstile between
East and West. The commercial pres-
tige of England on the sea is shown bv
the yearly statistics of the Canal. Ves-
sels under the British flag pay annual-
ly ten million dollars in canal tolls,
while the ships of all other nations
combined pay only five million. Eng-
land's continued prosperity depends

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on maintaining the most efficient trade
routes. London now acknowledges the
rivalry of New York and as the United
States becomes a creditor nation the
rivalry will deepen, but for the pres-
ent London fears an eastward far
more than any westward migration of
the center. Russia, Germany and
France are striving to perfect land-
routes to China. A vast system of rail-
ways entering China from the west is
already completed. The continental
railway center has abandoned Brus-
sels for Berlin and will go still farther
eastward. The Trans-Siberian Rail-
road adready touches the confines of
China. The Trans-Caspian route will
finally traverse central Asia, and the
Euphrates-Persian Railroad will have
its ultimate terminus in Southern
China. Our own trans-continental sys.
terns, the Northern, Central and South,
em Pacific Railroads, are about to
have their Russo-Asian counterparts.
The idea that England can best be
overcome by commercial rivalry in
Asia is as old as Napoleon, it actuat-
ed his Egyptian campaign and inspires
to-day every continental statesman,
There is in progress a great duel be-
tween land transportation and sea-car.
riage, with oriental supremacy for the
prize. England strives to keep her
primacy, and the continental nations
are determined to reverse the accus-
tomed march of Empire. There is no
inherent reason why the magnetism of
the oriental market should not draw
the center eastward and southward to
its old seat. The Russians covet Con-
stantinople, not only as an outlet into
the Mediterranean, but also because
when at last Asia is covered with rail-
roads, Constantinople will become once
more the meeting place of the East
and West. England approaches the
orient by eastward reaching sea*
routes, Russia does the same by land;
one hopes to hold the trade-center
where it is, the other strive to draw it

eastward. There is an alternative ai-
ready touched upon, but laid aside for
the time, that suggested by Bishop
Berkeley's line, and also by Sir John
Seeley's prediction that a century later
there are likely to be but two world-
powers, Russia and the United States.
The balance of trade lately inclining in
our favor points to a change in our
direction; as far as the commercial
equilibrium of the Atlantic goes, we
have every reason to be satisfied with
cur prospects, and our sudden acquisi-
tion of the Philippines gives us a rela-
tion to the Orient and a station there
likely to make us paramount in the
Pacific system about to be developed.
A few years ago we had in the East
neither standing ground nor any re.
sponsibility, to-day we are so involved
that withdrawal is impossible. The
value of the Philippines, considered
apart from international problems, is
much in doubt, but an independent
commercial base on the edge of the
Orient is likely to be of incalculable
service. The paramount power in th«»
Pacific seems thrust upon us, and if
world centrality be any prophecy, the
burdens of the future and its victories
alike are ours.

A secular migration of trade-cent-
ers, the index of a general movement
towards the scene of enlarged commer-
cial activities, has been proved suffi-
ciently. The magnetism of new mar-
kets (an operative force to-day and
furnishing perhaps the best explana-
tion of contemporary international af-
fairs) needs no further discussion.

We are brought to ask: What are
the conditions of the permanence cf
trade-centers? Is there any combina-
tion of circumstances which assures a
stable economic primacy, or is it likely
that the focus of prosperity is essen-
tially migratory? These questions
have been partially answered in the
turns of our discussion, but it may be
useful to make the replies explicit.

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JtEGISTBR OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

In tbe first place no country can con-
tinue to be autonomous unless it can
produce its own food and raw material
failing to do so it is open to many
vicissitudes. Carthage, Borne and
Venice were dependent an the outside
world for their supplies, narrowness of
base was Holland's handicap, and mod*
era England is a vast workshop where
neither food nor raw material suffices
for her needs. A constant outgo for
the means of sustenance must tax any
country.

The next fundamental of supremacy
is skill in manufactures. The ante-bel-
lum Southern States were always
heavily in debt because they
could neither weave nor print
their cotton. The wood of me-
dieval England enriched Belgium
where it was sent to be dyed and wov.
en, more than it did the grower coun-
try. The natural resources of Eng.
land did not support a large prosperity
until the expulsion from their native
land of the Huguenots and Dutch
Protestants supplied her with high in-
dustrial skill. Ideal conditions pre-
vail when the profits of the producer
from the soil and of the skilled manip-
ulator are kept at home and inter,
changed.

The third desideratum is facility of
distribution and exchange. A broad
country, rich in natural resources, till-
ed with industrious people, skilled in
manufactures, will need outlets for its
products and many avenues whereby
to reach the markets of the world.
Domestic consumption can not absorb
the enormous result of modern ma-
chine production, the command of for-
eign markets is indispensable.

A central situation, a half-way sta-
tion on the main trade routes, has been
shown to be an advantage, but central-
ity loses much of its value unless there
is also an ample merchant marine, or-
ganized and owned by the people who
wish to reach the foreign markets. In

spite of being producer nor manufac-
turer, Venice, the great common car-
rier, ruled the world as, for the same
reason, England does to-day. Eng-
land buys food and raw material from
us, but what we pay her back in ocean
freights keeps the balance in her favor.
An ample merchant marine, almost
alone and by itself ensures prosperity.
England's centrality is menaced, she
is but a foodless workshop, but she
"rules the waves," and consequently
the markets, and when a rival success-
fully disputes her maritime supremacy
the beginnings of decay will be upon
her, and Sir John Seeley's vision of
but two world powers will be realized.

Breadth of base, industrial skill and
facilities for distribution are requisites
for a continuous trade supremacy. Not
often are they found together, any two
of them suffice for prosperity and
prominence, but if all three co-exist
they are guarantees of no merely ephe-
meral advantage.

The questions raised have now been
answered in barest outline. It would
be easy to multiply historical illustra-
tions, but to do so would tend to wear-
iness. We could now profitably close
our discussion, but we can not refrain
from forecasting our national future
by the formulas we have discovered.
We are compelled to ask, "What like
lihood is there that the course of Em-
pire will still be westward? W r hat
requisites of stability are ours where-
with permanently to stay the trade-
center, if it does abandon London ia
favor of New York?"

Our breadth of base and natural
productiveness are unexampled. Can-
ada and Siberia alone rival our extent
of territory, but rigorous climates and
insufficient population shut them out
of competition. Pood and raw mater-
ials are largely in excess of our imme-
diate wants, and circumstances where-
by we might become dependant are
unimaginable. We are but beginning

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to reach oar normal productivity. The
century just ending has been one
of preparation, of subduing nature
and of ascertaining the extent
of our resources. Hitherto we
have depended upon borrowing
capital, and have been a debtor
nation, but now low rates of interest
testify that home capital is anxiously
seeking investment. The future fee-
undity of our domain will utterly
dwarf the output of the past.

Our industrial capacity is likewise
but just full-grown. The genius of our
people is mechanical, Americans in-
vent and manufacture, as the Greeks
philosophized, by instinct. Since the
Civil War we have been equipping our-
selves with the tools of production
and internal transportation, with roll,
ing mills, foundries, factories, ship,
yards and railroads. The era of ex
peri mental manufacture is over, and
for the first time we are in a position
fully to work up and utilize the mater-
ial so richly at command. With all
modern appliances wielded by vast ag-
gregation of capital, we are entering
upon an industrial era of whose pro-
ductivity our past output furnishes no
criterion. In this there is a danger al-
ready felt, and one that will increase
in urgency. Already we manufacture
one-third more than we can consume at
home. This surplus will enlarge im-
mensely, and unless we can find out-
lets for it our very advantages will
overwhelm us. Over production is a
serious menace

With regard to the third requisite,
facilities of distribution and exchange,
we are less fortunate. We occupy in-
deed a central station, midway between
Europe and the Orient, but China is
sixteen thousand miles away around
Cape Horn, and the carrying trade of
the Pacific is in the hands of the Eng-
lishman. Our centrality is merely geo-
graphical, not commercial and practi-
cal. Our merchant marine disappeared

during the Civil War, and we have
made no real effort to revive it With
a coast line of five thousand miles on
three oceans, we have no shipping; we
are at a desperate disadvantage as to
foreign markets. But fortunately
these handicaps can be thrown off.
These obstacles are not insurmount-
able, and now that the guns of Dewey
have awakened us from our pre-occupa-
tion with internal development, and
furnished us with a stake and stand-
ing ground in the Orient, the nation
will probably address itself to such
remedial measures as may be required.

The first remedial measure is the
construction of a ship canal between
the Atlantic and Pacific either at Pana-
ma or Nicaragua. Such a canal would
make our geographical centrality com.
mercial and practical, and give us com-
mand of what would become the main
westward trade route of the world.
When the Oregon hastened- from San
Francisco to Santiago she had to steam
eight thousand unnecessary miles. 'A
waterway across the Isthmus would
offset the Suez Canal and bring New
York as near Hong Kong as London
is. With our Philippine terminal we
would have the best approaches to the
eastern markets, and the oriental mag-
netism would draw the trade center
westward to our shores. The struggle
of England and Russia would die down
in the victory of another. Pacing three
connected oceans, the Atlantic, the Pa-
cific and the Carribean, we could not
avoid becoming paramount. With the
longest available coast line in the
world, and with a genius for seafaring,
we are not yet a maritime nation al-
though our future hangs upon it. The
first effect of the oriental magnetism
is the present increased prosperity ot
the Pacific States, and if the Isthmus
were cut through, the Southern States,
would also be revivified. The Paciflo
and the Gulf States have hitherto en-
joyed no sufficient market, and have

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remained comparatively undeveloped.
The present awakening in San Fran-
cisco is but a suggestion of what
awaits us if our national procedure be
at all intelligent. The insoluble proU
lem of the Solid South and of the rela-
tion of the races, will be solved only
by an industrial and agricultural reviv.
al, keeping all too busy for politics or
negro baiting. The Gulf and River
States have never profited as they
should by the proximity of the South*
ern continent, now chiefly supplied
from Europe. A maritime awakening
will change all this, and the canal will
make all parts of South America ac
ceBsible alike. We shall one day have
three sea-gates of like importance:
New York, San Francisco and New Or-
leans, but, until we have our own lines
of communication running to the ends
of the earth, we shall not enter upon
the heritage that awaits us.

Captain Mahan has so thoroughly
proved the importance of sea power
both warlike and civil, that we need
not dwell long upon our remaining dis.
advantage, the absence of a merchant
marine. Without ships, neither breadth
of base, mechanical nor centrality of
position reach their highest avail. The
ocean freights that a shipless power
must pay are heavy fines of incapacity.
New York goods bound for South
America must be consigned to Liver-
pool, and then there trans-shipped in
English vessels which bring no return
cargoes to New York. We are ready
to protect infant industries, and to

keep on protecting them after they
are overgrown, but we have not fost-
ered the agency by which alone pro-
tected goods can be distributed. Our
laws make both the building and work,
ing of ships more expensive than is the
case in any other country. England
and the continental powers encourage
shipbuilding by subsidies, bounties and
mail contracts; we shall never have a
commercial navy until it becomes pos-
sible for the American shipbuilder and
shipmaster to meet foreign competition
on equal terms. We are willing to
build a navy, but the chief function of
a navy, the protection of commerce, it
can not perform, for we have no com-
merce. It is likely to be one of the
best results of the Spanish War that
the public mind is at last arousing to
our needs. We can hope within the
next few years to see our flag ome
more upon the seas from which the
Confederate cruisers banished it. Our
merchant marine once restored and
th Isthmian Canal completed, we
shall enjoy facilities of distribution
and exchange as pre-eminent as our
natural resources and mechanical skill.
The three requisites of permanent su-
premacy will co-exist, and the course
of Empire will still be westward, with
little likelihood of removal beyond our
borders, for upon this continent the
East and West will have met, and a
stable economic equilibrium will be at
last attained.

(From the Oneida Historical Society.)

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Historical Information and How Obtained.

A well-known writer says: "Print-
ers should be instructed always to
strike out that phrase, 'All history
shows,' as an erratum, and to substi-
tute 'I choose to take for granted.'"
Without this instruction many print-
ers, it is said, leave out not only that
substitute, but any other that may
render the sentence complete, and so
it is often that the blank or the sub-
stitute is equally unintelligible to
the reader who is searching for an
answer to a plain question of data;
and "I choose to take for granted" can
not be accepted instead.

To illustrate: The inquirer, a
young person, wants information
concerning a great great grand
father who fought in- the War
of 1812-15. He or she has heard he
was in the battle of River Raisin and
was taken prisoner. The name of the
officer is given, but some authentic in-
formation is wanted as to the date of
the terrible battle of River Raisin.
"All history shows" may well be used
here, for it does show it was one of
the most brutal battles on the part of
the British and their savage allies ever
fought on any field, while on. the part
of the Americans, it was one of the
most courageously contested battles
ever known on any American battle
field-
But this is mot the reply the inquir-
er wants, and the person written to
muBt be authentic. He or she will
write: "The battle occurred on the
22d of January, 1813, and the terrible
massacre occurred on the 23d. The of-
ficer mentioned was hp command. He
was taken prisoner, and with others
8-H

marched to Maiden." — History of
the Late War by Paris M. Davis, 1829.
An immediate response is received and
the letter of inquirer runs thus:

Secretary Kentucky State Historic
cal Society: Thanks for your kind let-
ter and information. Will you do me
the great favor to send me, if you have
it, the report of the committee to Con-
gress on tbe subject of the battle of
River Raisin. I desire to join the So-
ciety of the Daughters of 1812, and
need this paper to establish the facts
I have stated, whrioh have been dis-
puted."

Here we are compelled to rely upon
history, and the logic of facts detailed
must be accepted. A copy of the re-
port to Congress is s*»art, and the in-
quirer is answered and the ignorant
doubters on the board of application
are vanquished. This is official recogni-
tion, and the young claimant has no
more trouble in establishing her
claims to a certificate of membership.

All history does show the milk of
human kindness has the same effect
pretty much in every clime, as "one
touch of Nature is said to make the
whole world kin"; yet there are excep-
tions even to this rule. The suspicious,
unspeakable Turk and his soldiers
showed themselves utterly devoid of
this "touch of Nature" in tlheir merci-
less exterminating war upon the Ar-
menians. And yet there are those
among tourists who write of them as
though it was a coveted honor to
touch their bloody hands in exchang-
ing civilities amd introduction. How
can they forget or ignore their atroci-
ties? How?

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"All history shows" diversity of
opinion in and upon the nations of
the earth amd upon the forms of gov-
ernment for these nations, but it is not
always fair, just or true in its de-
ductions. Therefore we can not trust
always to its delineations of charac-
ters that have from time to time ruled
on the thrones of nations, because
these rulers, however brilliant, have
been brutal at times and these facile
writers of history 'have woven a veil
of glittering softness over their crimes
and tell us their faults are the faults
of the age they lived in. And yet they
lived in an age of Christian civil iza
tion, so called.

We search in vain for facts concern-
ing them' that are not controverted
by some historians, who frankly write:
"Because they were wicked they must
be excused; because they were bril-
liant they must be canonized, and
their brutalities and indecencies folded
away in illusory raiment of rhetorical
eloquence, and their memories embalm-
ed in the gratitude of a people they
enslaved and degraded, amd their dead
forms preserved in costly marble."

Right is right, and wrong is wrong,
aiwi history, if it be history, must not
represent right as wrong, nor wrong
as right. Upon the questions involv-
ing the politics of our country there
must, in the nature of the subject, be
a diversity of opinion, and a division
of judgment as to the right of the
party which should rule and reign.
But as to the character of the public
man of history there should be but
one biography, and that should con-
sist of tine acts of the man. "Deeds
speak louder than words," and let not
these be obscured if wicked, or magni-
fied if good, by the historian.

By this means the children of our
schools amd colleges will be able to
form a correct estimate of our public
men who have lived to do good or to

do evil in their time. We want ac-
curacy in the facts stated, and we want
language not employed to deceive, but
to inform and to correct misleading
impressions. The work of an histori-
cal society is to collect histories of
State and county first, and country at
large as it follows. In this there
should be care to exclude from the
library those newspapers and books
given over to the recitals of crime
and flippant criticisms upon disgrace
and outlawry. Since the Civil War, we
are told, the trend of society has been
to looseness in morals and religion and
in law. While proclaiming to be as a
nation and a people, the cream of
Christian civilization, the heathen
Chinee shames us by his profound
reverence for his god and sacred
things, and the bright Japanese, by
his politeness and gentleness. If this
is so, let our nation turn backward
like Israel and repent. "Then shall
ye return and discern between the
righteous and the wicked; between
him that serve th God and him that
servetih him not."

From the New York Observer we
take this clipping in regard to histori-
cal societies — their maintenance anad
support, their enrichment and enlarge-
ment where all may come and leave a
token for good:

Can it be that any one fails to see
the necessity of such a society? Mod-
ern history has greatly enlarged our
conception of the materials which are
necessary for thorough historical re-
search. Biographies and memoirs and
chronicles no longer fill the field, nor
even hold the first ;)lace. The auto-bio-
graphy, in which the portrait of the
lion as painted by himself, and the
ought-not-to biography, in which the
too friendly photographer makes his
subject assume a pleasant expression
and then touches out all the wrinkles

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in the negative, fail to supply those
most interesting features of reality
which are essential to a oonvincing
picture of the past. We turn now-a-
days to more candid and less conscious
sources; a coin, an inscription, a char-
ter, a, receipted bill, a will, the record
of a baptism, a marriage, a f mineral, a
bundle of old letters, a map, the min-
ute book of some meeting long since
adjourned' sine die, the roll of some
congregation, all of whose members
have long since been dismissed from
the church Militant to the Church Tri-
umpbant — these, and other like things
belong to the most precious materials
of history. But they are frail and per-
ishable stuff; ftre devours them; the
church mouse nibbles tfhem; thieves
are not likely to steal them, but moth
and rust are sure to consume them.
The sexton puts them away safely in
a place where they never can be found
again. Churches dry up and blow
away and all their heirlooms are scat-
tered to tfhe four winds of earth.

How much costly and 1 invaluable ma-
terial has already vanished beyond re-

call! Our motto should be: "Gather
up the fragments that remain that
nothing more be lost." A central de-
pository for the safe-keeping of these
treasures, surrounded by tine books
and pamphlets which will throw light
upon them a/nd make their meaning
clear, is an absolute necessity. In
such a place, guarded against the fire
that consumes and the folly that for-
gets, easily accessible to all who 'have
an interest in them, these sacred, si-
lent witnesses to the struggles and
the sacrifices, the heroism and the
fidelity of our fathers in the faith, may
be assembled in security and kept in
honor. From this Hall of Noble Mem
ories, filled with 'the quiet and still
air of delightful studies," as from a
shrine of knowledge sainted by ser-
vice, the voice of history may speak
to us in clear and tranquil tones, re-
counting the true glories of our race,
our country and our church; and put-
ting us in mind of the chastisements
and rebukes, the deliverances of Al-
mighty God,

"Lest we forget, lest we forget."

A Journalistic Anniversary.

Journalism has grown to be such an
immense interest that aM fact* regard
ing its origin and development are be-
ing sedulously looked up toy eager in-
vestigator*. The honor of having pro-
duced the first newspaper was for a
long time claimed by Italy, France,
Germany, England and Holland. It
seems now to be established beyond a
reasonable doubt that the first news-
paper, that is, news bulletin, issued at
regular intervals, was not The Observ-
er, but a paper printed by Abraham
Verhoeven, of Antwerp, Who in 1605,
obtained from the Archduke and Duch-
ess Albert and I sa belle the privilege

of printing a regular news sheet. Ab-
raham Verhoeven published his paper
every eight or nine da ye, according to
the supply of news he received in
those times of slow travelling intelli-
gence. In 1905 Antwerp, secure in this
heritage of newspaper fame, intends to
celebrate the three hundredth anniver-
sary of journalism in an ap-
propriate manner. It is thought
that thousands will flock from
all parts of Europe to take part
in the celebration, and to admire the
artistic pageants which will be pro-
vided.— New York Exchange.

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A Feb) Historic Homes and Places in the Capitol

of the State.

The Capitol, built 1828.

The Governor's Mansion, built 1797.

The Brown House, built 1796.

The Lafon House, corner Wash. &
Broadway, built 1798.

The Sharpe House, Madison Square.

The Todd House, Wapping street

The Glen Willis, ext. Wilkinson st.

The Harris House, cor. Ann & Clin*
ton streets.

The Dudley House, St. Glair street.

The Greenup House, W. Broadway.

The Capitol Hotel, Ann & Main
streets.

The Merriwether House, Ann &
Broadway.
Frankfort Corner Stone, 1786.

PLACES.

The Cemetery.
The State Monument.
The Boone Monument.
The Gen. Dick Johnson's Monument.
Theodore O'Hara, (Poet's) Monu-
ment.

H. T. Stanton, (Poet's) Monramemt.

Gov. Wm. Goebel's Grave.

In Bell Point addition, the Blaine
House; in south Frankfort, the Hob*
son House, built by Gov. Charles
Morehead in 1833; the Hanna House,
built in 1818, by John Hunt of Lexing.
ton, Ky.

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I^GISTEJl OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

A History of the First Presbyterian Church of

Frantfort, Ky., Etc.

By W, A. AVrtlh

This deeply interesting book men-
tioned in our last report, from the His-
torical Society, can not be too highly
commended to the public as a most
valuable history of the Presbyterian
church at Frankfort, and the churches
in Franklin county, "in connection
with the Presbyterian church of Amer.
ica." From its cover to its close, it
is a most precious history of our peo.
pie and God's people now with the
'"majority on the other side." The
thanks and the praise of Kentucky
Presbyterians are due the author for
this work so carefully compiled, and
so beautifully written. It has saved to
the world the valuable material of a
truly historic church planted in the
wilderness, like a grain of mustard
seed, whose wide spreading branches,
now give rest and shelter to the young
of many generations. We are sure it
wall be a highly prized accession to the
library of the Presbyterian Historical
Society of Philadelphia. It abounds
in pictures, in bills and minutes of

meetings, things that Dr. Van Dyke
pointed out in his address before the
semi-centennial celebration of the
Presbyterian Historical Society of
Philadelphia, as essentials most vain-
able in such a work.

Says an eminent writer on the suo-
ject of the value of history: "This
idea of preserving relics is not a mat-
ter of sentiment, but of real value,
for the history of religion is the most
important of all history, knowledge of
the history of the church is essential
to church progress. It aids alike in
details of administration and in plans
for broad advance. Church history
shows that the 18th century was the
era of great awakening, the 19th cen-
tury of great revivals; and now points
to the 20th century as the time of
great achievement in reaching the un-
converted along the proved historic
evangelical lines. The vital strength
of Presbyterian churches has always
come from evangelistic spirits."

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Compliment to a Former Fran%fort Boy, Rev. William

L. fifcEtoan, 2). 2>.

It gives us sincere pleasure to place
in this magazine the following tribute
to the effective eloquence of our friend
and once associate editor of that fam>
ous little paper, "The Lyceum Chroni-
cle." The first effort of this bright
boy, then a student, was an oration
before the Lyceum. His talent and
handsome delivery so delighted the
audience, they predicted for him the
noble career, he has since demonstrat-
ed he was born to follow and adorn.
The occasion of the event, which he
advocates is the theological seminary
at Omaha, "the celebration of the
opening of the new building" there.
It was a notable occasion, with many
distinguished speakers present, No-
vember, 1902.

"The crowning event of the evening
was the address by the Rev William
L. McEwan, D. D., of Pittsburg. He
said that a theological seminary gave
expression to the highest ideals of a
community, and that this institution
would do more to secure the lasting
fame of Omaha than any of its other
enterprises. The value of it to the
city would be superior and more endur.
ing that its industrial and commercial

greatness. In illustration of this he
referred to the fact that the commerce,
industries and other activities of 0or>
inth, Athens and Ephesus had long
since been forgotten while the Chris-
tian literature of apostolic times still
abides and helps to prolong their fame.
Dr. McEwan spoke of the sacredness
of the minister's calling, and of the
kind of preparation a theological sem-
inary should furnish its students in the
way of strengthening character, deep-
ening piety and of furnishing the mind
thoroughly for expounding God's word
and for meeting the practical problem*
of our times. He put in a strong plea
for keeping unimpaired that system of
doctrine by means of which God has
made our church strong and useful,
for maintaining our polity and the sim-
plicity of Presbyterian worship. It wa»
a powerful address and was
listened to attentively from beginning
to end. The Rev. Dr. A. B. Marshal".,
of Des Moines, chairman of the Board
of Directors, made a dedicatory prayer,
and the Rev. 8. B. McCormick, D. D.,
LL. D., president of Coe College, pro-
nounced the benediction."

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REXJ-ISTE-R OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Romance of Mary Ball— The LoVe Story of the Mother

of Washington.

{Woman's Horn* Companion,)

Mary Ball, who afterwards became
the mother of Washington, was born
early in the eighteenth century, her
parents having emigrated to thds coun-
try from England only a few years pre-
viously. Her girlhood was not mater-
ially different from that of the average
pioneer child in the wilderness, and
spinning and the other arts which she
learned were such as were acquired
also by her playmates. The marriage
of Miss Ball to Augustine Washington
attracted not a little attention in the
country-side for two reasons — the age
of the bride and the fact that the
gioom was a widower. In those days
marriages were usually contracted
when the girls were mere children, and
a bride of twenty-four was naturally
looked upon as an exception to custom.
The engagement of Mary and Augus-
tine was of short duration, and the
spring wedding which followed was
one of the events of the year in Vir-
ginia social life. There was no bridal
tour, but instead the young couple
journeyed to the estate of the bride,
groom, which enjoyed the distinction

of being the largest plantation in
Westmoreland county. It is only fair,
of course, to presume that the bride
was beautiful, but we have also the
authority for it of an old letter, the
writer of which designates her as the
"corneliest maiden" she knows, and
grows very enthusiastic in expressions
of admiration for her flaxen hair, blue
eyes and cheeks "like May blossoms."
Nor was the love story of the Virginia
maiden devoid of the always-desired
tinge of romance, for tradition has it,
that the dashing Augustine gained a
realization of her charms as she nurs-
ed him back to health after he had
been seriously injured by the upset-
ting of his carriage before the home
of his future bride. The friendship
inaugurated on that interesting occa-
sion speedly ripened into mutual love.
Bereaved of her husband when George
was but eleven years of age, and with
four younger children to be cared for,
she discharged the responsibilities
thus sadly devolved upon her with
scrupulous fidelity and firmness.

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TKR OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The First School Taught in Kentucky.

"Messrs. Editors: — I 'bare too great
an appreciation of jour paper, and
am too constant a reader of it to
rest satisfied under an erroneous
statement in its columns of an inter*
esting fact in Kentucky history. In
your issue of Feb. 15, on page 5,
among the "General Items" is this:

"The first school ever taught in
Kentucky is said to have been taught
in Lincoln county, by Bev. David
Bice, and was known as Transylvania
Seminary."

Rev. David Bice, best known as
"Father Bice," did not visit Kentucky
until the spring of 1783, and did not
settle in Kentucky until October of
that year. So says Collins' History
of Kentucky. Vol. 1, pages 457, 460
and 515. Of course, among the
schools taught in Kentucky earlier
than 1783 we must expect to find the
first.

It appears from the same volume,
page 515, that the first school for
children in what is now Kentucky,
was taught at Harrodsburg in 1776,
by Mrs. Wm. Cooms, a Boman Cath-
olic lady.

The second school, so far as is
known, was that taught at Boones-
borought, in the summer of 1779, by
Joseph Doniphan, then 22 years old.
One of his sons, Gen. Alex. W. Don*
iphan, of Mexican War distinction, is
still living in St. Louis, Mo. The
late chancellor and ex-judge Joseph
Doniphan, of Augusta, Ky., was his

grand-son. His school averaged 17
scholars, during that summer. He
came to Kentucky in 1778; but in
1780 returned to Stafford county, Va.,
and remained until 1792, when he re-
moved to Kentucky and settled in
Mason county. In 1787, while a jus-
tice of the peace in Virginia, Gen.
George Washington was several times
a litigant before him suing for small
sums, the highest being £31, or f 103.
The docket which contained a record
of these suits is still preserved by a
grand-Bon, Wm D. Frazer, late of
Indianapolis.

The third teacher in Kentucky,
I infer from Collins' History. Vol. 2,
page 183, was John McKinney, at
Lexington, in 1780. He it was who
had the celebrated adventure with a
wild cat in 1783, in hds log cabin
school-room, described in such graph-
ic language in the "Sketches of Wes.
tern adventure," written in 1833 by
John A McClung afterwards a very
prince among Presbyterian ministers,
and published by a Presbyterian el-
der, the late Judge Lewis Collins of
Maysville.

Other interesting details can be
found with regard to these and others
of the teachers in Kentucky before
1800; but this article is already full
long, and may not be thought the
most suitable for a religious weekly.

A LADY.

Louisville, Feb. 21st, 1878.
(From an old Louisville Newspaper.)

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Paragraphs.

Miss Katberine Helm, the Frankfort
artist, who has been in New York City
for the past two years, painting, and
who is the daughter of General Ben.
llardin Helm, has been awarded the
painting of the Jefferson Davis por-
trait, for the Memorial Hall at New
Orleans, La. It is to be finished in
time for the reunion of the Confeder-
ate Veterans, to be held in May at New
Orleans.

This is a deserved compliment to
Miss Helm, and one her friends every,
where congratulate her upon. Por-
trait painting is her specialty, and

through this line of art, she has been
signally honored in the South.

The portrait of Governor Isaac
Shelby in the Senate Chambers of Ken-
tucky was painted by Edward C. Nock,
and the State appropriated f 400 to him
for it, March 1st, 1850. Henry Clay's
portrait, full length, Andrew Jackson's
portrait. In the House of Representa-
tives, General George Washington's
portrait, Daniel Boone's picture by Al-
len, General Lafayette's portrait.
These are all gems in oil painting.

Treasurers of the State of Kentucky.

1. John Logan, June 179t2 to July 1807, 15 years.

2. David <Logan, 1807 to July 1808.

3. John P. Thomas, 1808 to July 1818.

4. Genl. Sam South, 1818 to July 1825.

5. CoL James Davidson, 1S25 to 1849.

6. Richard Wlntersmlth, appointed 1849 to 1851-1857.

7. James Garrard, when he died, elected, 1857 to 1865.

8. Mason Brown, appointed, 1865 to 1867.

9. James W. Tate, elected, 1867 to 1888.

10. Stephen Sharpe, appointed, 1888, resigned.

11. Col. Henry Hale, appointed February 16, 1890 to 1891.

11. Col. Henry Hale, elected August, 1891 to 1896.

12. George W. Long (Rep.) 1896 to 1899.

13. Hon. S. W. Hager, 1899 to 1903.

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Department of Genealogy and History

lo) This la a chapter of unuintl Interest, wrltton by ihm daughtor of that
flno Jurist. Judco Jamoa. who In tho tlmo of groat lawyora, waa one of tho
foromoat In Kontucfcy.-HEdltor tho Roglotor.)

Edmonsons— James.

Bp Mrs. Sarah Ellsn James Chssney.

The surname and family of Ednion-
stone is of Scottish origin and of very
eminent antiquity.

Since the reign of King David I,
1124, the name has been recorded as
among the land owners and nobility
of Scotland. The lands of Riddle and
Laudonia were granted by King David
to a person of note, named Edmou«
stone or Admundns, who was tho
original ancestor of the family, and
according to the custom the name of
the lands was changed to Edinbourgh
for the owner, and is so called to this
daw. Nesbit's Scottish Heraldry, Vol.
II.

Sir John Edmonson was- employed
by Robert II as commissioner and pie*
nipotentiary in many treaties between
Scotland and England. He married
Isabel, widow of Douglass, and Coun-
tess of Marrs, daughter of Robert II.

The eldest son of this marriage
was William and being a person of
merit, together with his illustrious
birth he made a fresh alliance with
the royal family, marrying Lady Mary,
Countess of Angus, daughter of Rob-
ert HI.

They fixed their residence in Stirl-
ing county. After a time he relin-
quished his estates' of Colloden and
took the title of Duntreath, which his
successors held for many generations.

In 1513 the third William, Lord of
Duntreath, fighting in behalf of James
IV, fell on the field of Flodden.

Sir James Edmonston filled many
important offices in the reign of James
VI. Archibald Edmonstone represent-
ed the county of Stirling in the Parlia-
ment which met at Edinbourgh, in
1633, when Charles I presided in per-
son. Archibald being a strict Presby-
terian, strongly opposed all of that
king's attempts to establish the Epis-
copacy in Scotland.

When the bill to give the right to
name the mode of divine worship, to
the king, was being voted for, Charles
marked with his own pen those who
voted against it. Lord of Duntreath
being a zealous Presbyterian, strongly
opposed and voted against this mea-
sure, and he remained firm to his prin-
ciples under all hardships and dis-
couragements. His son was of the
same belief and although he was mod-
"rate and as conservative as posu
sible his devotion to his church was
crime enough, with those who had di-
rection of affairs in Scotland. They
wanted but the slightest occasion to
harass and persecute him.

At length a Presbyterian service
was held on his estates, and when it
came to his knowledge he did not re-
port to the authorities, bis sympath-

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ies being with the ministers. This si-
lence was considered rebellion, where-
upon he was thrown into prison for
six months, and his estates confiscate
ed, though he was finally released, as
nothing worthy of death could be prov-
ed against him. Shortly after this
the Irish rebellion broke out. In 1688
Lord Duntreath first raised an inde-
pendent company of his tenants, and
neighbors to defend his country from
the invasion but later was given the
command of Sir Robert Adair's regi
ment. Owing to hardships it was nec-
essary for him to undergo, he con-
tracted an illness which resulted in
his death.

His last request was that his re-
mains be taken to the ancient family
burial place in Stratbblane church in
Scotland, which was accordingly done.
Among those leaving Scotland on ac-
count of dissensions caused by differ-
ences in religion, were Thomas Ed-
monson and his wife, Martha Gamp-
belle, according to tradition in one
family, they were both of prominent
families, he a younger son of a noble-
man, and she a daughter of Duke of
Argyle. They located in Pennsylva-
nia, early in the eighteenth century,
and together with other Scottish famil-
ies, notably Montgomerys, Campbells,
Buchanans and Kenedys formed an
intelligent thriving community. There
was established a Presbyterian church
called the Abingdon church in 1695
in the same county. After some years
residence here, Thomas Edmonson re-
moved with Mb family to Cecil county,
Maryland, where their son William
was born in 1724.

When he reached manhood, he came
to Augusta county, Va., and married
Miss Nancv Montgomery; they settled
on the Holston river in what is now
Washington county, Va. In this new
home the pioneers were largely of
Scottish descent, with many families
from north of Ireland, making a Pres-

byterian community and a ministry of
that belief was encouraged and sus-
tained for many years, before it was
possible to build a house of public
worship.

I have heard my maternal grand-
mother, Sarah Beattie Edmonson,
who was a daughter of Captain Wil-
liam Edmonson, say that the children
'of her father's household were in-
structed regularly, by a visiting min-
ister, in the Shorter Catechism and,
on the occasion of his visits, all of
the colored servants were called in
to hear his teaching. In those times
there were few newspapers, and books
were highly prized. Many of the cit-
izens had enjoyed' advantages of a
liberal education in their youth and
were desirous of securing the same
benefits for their children.

A classical teacher was employed
for years, who took pride in his pu-
pils, and often conducted an evening
class for those young men who wish-
ed to pursue higher mathematics and
surveying. Their esthetic taste, and
appreciation of the fine arts, are at-
tested by the fact that there still are
preserved beautifully painted china,
solid silver, pieces of silk and linen
embrsidery of exquisite quality.
Thomas Andrew and Robert Edmon-
son, brothers of my great grandfath-
er, located their homes near his, and
many worthy families were welcomed
to this fertile valley, among them
Beatties, Gilmores, Logans, Dysarts,
from North Ireland, at a later date
their county was called Washington,
and the county seat Abingdon.

The homestead farm of Capt. Ed-
monson was beautifully situated on
the banks of the Holston river.

The house, a two-story double log
building with a wide hall running
through the center, as my mother re-
members it, when she visited there
sixty years ago. The lawn descended
to the river, several hundred yards

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and was thickly set in natural growth
of sugar-maples, oaks and other beau-
tiful forest-trees. An adjoining farm
was the home of his brother-in-law,
William Montgomery, who, in later
years was killed by Indians at Lo-
gan's Fort, Lincoln County, Ky. An-
other farm in this neighborhood was
owned and cultivated by General
Benjamin Logan, who married Annie
Montgomery, and emigrated to Ken-
tucky about 1779.

The Shawnee Indians made fre-
quent raids into this valley and the
trusty rifle was never laid aside.

A fort was necessary for the safe,
ty of the women and children until af-
ter the British were conquered.

During one of these outbreaks a
fever prevailed in the fort, and great
suffering was endured. On the re-
turn of the brave pioneers death had
ended the illness of the wife of Lieu*
tenant Edmonson, leaving several
children, who were so unfortunate as
to lose their remaining parent a short
time later, in the battle of Kings
Mountain. These children were ten-
derly care for by their uncle, Captain
William Edmonson.

Upon the breaking out of hostilities
between the Colonies and Great Brit-
ain, the sympathies of the community
of the Holston valley, was unanimous-
ly for the Congress party.

In the summer of 1780, the approach
of the British under the command of
Col. Ferguson to the border of North
Carolina caused great apprehension,
harassed as they were with Indian
depredations.

They were thoroughly aroused and
in a time that seems incredibly short,
they organized themselves under the
command of Cleaveland, Campbell, and
Shelby.

Armed with heavy rifles and mount-
ed on swift horses, they were able
to traverse the mountains of North
Carolina with surprising success.

William Edmonson commanded
the first company in Col. Campbell's
Virginia Bangers, his brother Bob-
ert also was captain of a company in
the same regiment.

Two sons of my great grandfather,
John and Samuel, enlisted in their
father's company, and proceeded to
the camp in North Carolina, where
about 2,000 men assembled. Accord-
ing to Draper, there were eight Ed-
monsons in this compaign.

Early in October, 1780, Cleaveland,
Campbell and Shelby selected about a
thousand men who were drilled to
tight as infantTy when needed.

Having no wagon train) to carry
ammunition and provisions and being
compelled to carry heavy rifles, some
of their difficulties can be appreciated.
I will quote from an account of the
battle they so gloriously won, written
by an officer of the British army, As-
sistant Adjutant General Alexander
Chesney. Essays in military Biogra-
phy, by Charles Cornwallis Chesney,
Colonel in the British army and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel in the Royal Engineers.
Page 323.

"We proceed to Kings Mountain
with the views of approaching Lord
Cornwallis' army, and receiving sup-
port from Charlottetown or from some
of the detachments of his regulars.

"By Colonel Ferguson's order, I sent
expresses to the militia officers to join
us here; but were attacked Oct. 7th,
before any support , arrived, by
fifteen hundred picked men from
Gilbertstown on the Blue Moun-
tain side, under the command of
Cols. Cleaveland, Shelby and Camp-
bell, all of whom were armed with ri-
fles, and being well mounted, could
move with the utmost celerity.

"So rapid was the attack that 1
was in the act of dismounting to re-
port that all was quiet, when we heard
their firing about half a mile distant.

Digitized by Google

REGISTEiE OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

1 immediately paraded the men, and
posted the officers.

''During this short interval, I re-
ceived a wound, which however, did
not prevent my doing my duty, and
on going toward my horse, I found
he had been killed.

"Kings Mountain from its height
would have enabled us to oppose a
superior force with advantage, had it
not been covered with wood, which
sheltered the Americans, and enabled
them to fight advantageously.

"In fact, after driving in our pickets,
they were enabled to advance in three
divisions under separate leaders to the
crest of the hill in perfect safety, un-
til they took post, and opened an ir-
regular, but destructive fire from be-
hind cover.

"Col. Cleaveland was first perceived
and repulsed by a Charge made by Col.
Ferguson's regulars; Col. Shelby came
next, and he met a similar fate, being
driven down the hill. Lastly, the

afterwards, ours was also renewed
under the supposition that they would
give no quarter, and a dreadful havoc
took place until the flag was sent out
a second time, then the work of de-
struction ceased.

"The Americans surrounded us with
double lines, and we grounded arms
with the loss of one-third of our num-
ber. I had been wounded by the
first fire, but was so much occupied
that 1 scarcely felt it until the action
was over.

"We passed the night on the spot
where we surrendered, amid the dead
and the groans of the dying who had
neither surgical aid, nor water 10
quench their thirst. Early next morn.
\ng we marched at a rapid pace to-
wards Gilbertstown between double
lines of mounted Americans, the of-
ficers in the rear were obliged to carry
two muskets each, which was my case
until Monday night when an ear of
Indian corn was served to each. 1
had the good fortune to escape one

division under Col. Campbell, and hyW

desire of Col. Ferguson, I presented TBWening when close to Moravian-
a new front which opposed it with sue T town."

cess. By this time the other Americans Kings Mountain is a far outlying
who had been repulsed had regained spur of the Blue Mountain. The de-

their former stations, and sheltered as
they were, poured in a destructive
fire. In this manner the engagement
was maintained nearly an hour, the reb-
els retreating, when there was a bay-
onet charge and returning again as
soon as the British had faced about to
repel another of their parties.

"Col. Ferguson was at last recog-
nized by his gallantry, although, wear
ing a hunting shirt, and fell, pierced
by seven balls, at the moment he had
killed the American Col. Williams,
with his left hand, the right being
useless. I had just relieved th3
division a second time by Fergu-
son's orders, when Capt. de Poyster
succeeded to the command. He soon
after sent out a flag of truce, but
as the Americans renewed their fire

feat and death of Col. Ferguson here
crushed the royalist cause on the
mountain borders of South Carolina
entirely, and decided Cornwallis to re-
tire from Charlottetown, and aban-
don his inland operations in North
Carolina.

By act of the Continental Congress,
13th November, 1780, it was resolved:

"That Congress entertain a high
sense of the spirit action and mil-
itary ability of Col. Campbell and the
officers and privates of the militia un-
der his command, displayed in the ac-
tion of Oct. 7th, in which a complete
victory was obtained over superio*
numbers of the enemy advantageous-
ly posted on Kings Mountain in North
Carolina and that this resolution be
published by the commanding officer

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of the Southern army in general or*
der."

Capt. Robert Edmonson was killed
while gallantly leading a charge on
Ferguson's regulars, and young Sam-
uel Edmonson, aged sixteen years, was
mortally wounded, and almost every
family in the valley mourned the death
of some near relative.

Margaret Edmonson, eldest daugh-
ter of Captain William Edmonson,
was married to John Montgomery,
a younger brother of Mrs. Ben-
jamin Logan, and a short time
after accompanied her husband
together with his father's fam.
ily to Harrodsbnrg, Ky., remaining in
the fort for some months; Fort Lo-
gan not being safe at that time.

In 1779, the Montgomery party con-
sisting of several families removed
to Lincoln county, where they occu-
pied four new log cabins, built some
distance from the fort. The newly
married couple went to housekeeping
in one of these cabins. Great grand-
father had given his daughter a col-
ored maid and everything progressed
quietly for a few months.

On the night of March 17th, the lit-
tle settlement was surrounded by a
band of Indians. Soon after daylight
next morning, they made an attack on
the pioneers, killing several, John
Montgomery among others, and tak-
ing Margaret, his young wife, and
Mrs. Russell with her four children
prisoners, after scalping the negro
girl, they marched rapidly away
through the forests. When not ob-
served by their captors, Mrs. Russell
and Margaret broke twigs, made im-
pressions with their feet, and scat-
tered bits of a handkerchief to mark
their path. Word had been carried to
Fort Logan by a brave young girl,
Betsy Montgomery, and the rescue
party commanded by Gen. Ben Logan
lost no time in pursuing. The In-
dians had camped near a spring on the

first night and around the camp fire
they displayed as trophies the scalps
of their victims.

Early next morning, Mrs. Russell
and Margaret Edmonson were sent to
the spring for water, when they heard
the welcome sound of horsemen ad-
vancing to their relief.

The surprise to the Indians was
complete, they fled at the charge of
Logan's men, but being followed,
swiftly by avengers, suffered heavy
loss. One of Mrs. Russell's daugh.
ters aged twelve years, was instant,
ly killed by a blow from a tomahawk,
in the hands of an Indian. Mrs.
Montgomery found on her return to
the fort, that her maid was recover-
ing, and she lived to advanced age,
but was always bald as a result of the
scalping.

John Edmonson eldest son of this
family, was a non-commissioned offi-
cer in his father's company in the
various engagements during the Rev-
olutionary War. Married his cousin,
Margaret Montgomery, was for many
years clerk of the court at Abingdon,
Va.

In 1790, they came to Kentucky and
settled on Boone Creek, and improved
their farm, and for twenty-two years
they enjoyed peace and prosperity. A
son, Alexander, and two interesting
daughters brightened their home, but
there were distressing accounts from
the Northwest, and at length the news
of the atrocities committed by Indians
as allies of the British, so wrought
upon his brave and manly nature that
he could enjoy his peaceful home no
longer. Although about fifty years
of age he rallied his friends and neigh-
bors around him and formed a com.
pany.

• They elected him captain of the
first company of volunteer riflemen
forming a part of the celebrated reg-
iment commanded by Col. John. Al-

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leu, who had married a near kins-
woman of his.

The military movements were vig-
orous, drilling and moving to the
scene of activity daring the summer,
and fall months. Then ensued the
hardships of a severe winter cam-
paign, 181213.

He fell in the disastrous battle of
the River Raisin, January 22, 1813.
A new county was formed by act of
the Kentucky Legislature in 1825, and
named in honor of this soldier of Colo-
nial times, Edmonson County.

At a later date, an act was passed
inscribing his name on the State mon-
ument with her heroic sons, who sac-
rificed their lives in defense of their
country.

The family Bible of William Ed-
monson printed 1756, is still careful-
ly preserved in the family of his
grandson, William Campbell Edmon-
son. Robert, third son of Capt. Wil-
liam, represented Augusta county,
Va., and died at Richmond; and his
bust in marble is at the capital. The
descendants of their family are resi-
dents of many of the Southern States.
Thomas Edmonson was the maternal
grandfather of John Bell, of Tennes-
see, for many years United States
Senator, and, in 1841, Secretary
of War in General Harrison's
Cabinet. In 1860 he was nominated by
the American party for President of
the United States.

Gen. William Edmonson Jones, a
graduate of West Point, in the class of
fifty-one, was a noted soldier in the
Civil War. His mother, Catherine E.
Jones, was a daughter of Capt. Wil-
liam Edmonson, and the dauntless
courage, and soldierly devotion to a
cause he believed just, was no doubt
an inheritance from his grandfather,
for whom he was named. He was a
veteran of many hard fought strug-
gles, and at last met his death on a
battle field in 1863. Two great grand-

sons, John Hall Morgan, and William
Edmonson Morgan, were distinguished
soldiers.

Capt. John Hall Morgan was grad*
uated at the Kentucky Military Insti-
tute, and immediately he was elected
captain of a company of the 5th Mis-
sissippi regiment. His was the color
company. He was wounded at the
battle of Belmont, and Shiloh, and sev-
eral other engagements, and was kill-
ed while rallying and charging his
men at Stone River. His color bear-
er having fallen, he seized- the flaij,
thus making a target for the enemy.
His body was pierced by thirteen balls.

On the same day, his brother Wil-
liam, was killed. I will quote from
a letter published in the Memphis
Evening Scimeter, "The History of a
Gun."

A letter from Gen. Boykin, of Wash-
ington, D. C, was received inquiring
for information concerning a Napo-
leon gun now on the battlefield of
Gettysburg, as an ornament inscribed
as follows: W. E. Morgan, 13th
Tenn. Regiment, Preston Smith's Bri-
gade, Cheatham's Division, Panks'
Corps.

It was thought by General Boykins
that this gun had been captured from
the Confederates at Gettysburg, and
the story of this inscription was da-
sired, to which General Vaughn wrote
in reply the following letter:

"At the battle of Murfreesboro, or
Stone River, Cheatam's division which
was composed of four Tennessee bri-
gades, captured from the Federals a
battery of four beautiful Napoleon
guns.

Each brigade was given a gun; on
each gun was inscribed the name of its
most gallant soldier who fell on that
battlefield.

"At that time I was Colonel of tha
13th Regiment, and William Edmon-
son Morgan was Lieut. Colonel, in the
first day's fight. I commanded the

Digitized by G

brigade and Lieut. Col. Morgan the
13th Tennessee Regiment. He was
killed at the head of his regiment,
when leading a desperate charge. A
braver and more gallant officer never
led men to battle. A patriot and a
true type of Southern soldier. He
was loved by all who knew him. His
name was selected and inscribed on
the gun."

During the battle of Ohdckamauga,
in an attack on our lines by Gen.
Grant, at Missionary Ridge, this gun
was recaptured by Gen. Grant's men,
and it now stands as a silent sentinel,
a proof of the heroism of both sides.

The names of this family are found
among the most heroic on the battle*
field. The sons nave exhibited qual*
ities that came to them, as their in
heritance.

In their warfare with the British

and Indians, deeds of bravery and
self-devotion, commands our admira-
tion.

Hospitable and self-reliant their
ambition was for intellectual advance-
ment. They were among those who
founded colleges, built churches and
sustained good private schools in their
community. The daughters were the
devoted wives and mothers of many
prominent families of the South, and
were noted for their beauty and hos-
pitality.

This paper was written on Oct. 6,
1896. and was read before the Socie-
ty of Colonial Daughters of Frankfort,
Ky., by Sarah E. James Chesney, a
great grand daughter of Oapt. William
Edmonson, of Virginia.

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Fail

Bp his daughfr, Mrs. ElUabHh rati Togtor.

A quaint paper written in 1764, U
as follows:

Faul, originally an inhabitant of the
Hill, Faul, from whom a people dc
acended, called Mac Faus, afterward
called Mac Phall — then changed to
Mc Fall, and now known in England
by the name of Fall. They were a
people very warlike; and, forming
themselves into a clan, by constant bat-
tles with their neighboring clans, gain*
ed great power; and were some of the
first that ushered in the Queen of
Scots; on which account the Crown is
placed at their feet, as an emblem of
conquest and power. They were so
mighty that the King of England de-
clared war against them, and an edict
was published to this effect — that they
were destructive to his crown, and
disturbers of his subjects' peace.
Their fortified towns were besieged,
and after a vigorous defense, they
made the King submit to a treaty,
which by treachery had like to have
proved their ruin. For, the gates of
the garrison being thrown open to re-
ceive their pretended friends, the Eng-
lish cavalry were ordered to rush in,
and being followed by the infantry,
a bloody slaughter ensued, till at
length discomfiting the English, they
retreated with great loss, and thus the
Fans obtained the gate, and obliged
the English to come to their own
terms, after which they were pretty
good neighbors.

But when a rebellion first opened in
Scotland, they were the people that
had the chief hand therein, by which
means many thousand lost their lives;

since which, they have decreased with
regard to power and numbers. For
they would have the first handling
of rebellions until the last, which
they very prudently managed, and
were a means of saving the lives of
several, by advising their brethren,
the Scotch, to make peace with the
English; since which they are in much
greater esteem, and are a capital peo-
ple in sundry cities and towns in Scot-
land.

We have here an interesting history
of the Isle of Jersey, published in
1693, by Philip Falle, rector of St.
Saviour's, in the island, Master of
Arts of Oxford and Cambridge. But
many of the clan appear to have con«
eluded that abilities that had been de-
voted to forays and wars, would be
better employed in attention to com-
merce; for an old paper mentioned
"the great family of the Falls at Dun-
bar, merchant princes in their time/'
The Rev. James Fall (by descent th*»
chief of his clan) was an eminent Bap-
tist minister, at Watford in Hertford-
shire, and one of his sermons has been
preserved. He was so greatly be-
loved by his congregation, that they
laid him to rest underneath the pul-
pit from which he had taught them for
more than forty years. The date of
his death is uncertain; but a letter
addressed to him is dated in 1748.
His son, James, married Miss Slater,
and died young. You may have seen
their portraits, taken in the costume
in which they were presented at Court,
soon after their marriage. Miss Sla-
ter's mother came of a family which

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had long been distinguished for learn*
ing and piety; and two of whom had
won honors on the sea — Admiral
Toms, and his brother Captain Toms,
who served for fifty years in the Roy-
al Navy. Her brother, the Rev. Isaac
Toms was a profound scholar, and
able Congregationalist minister, hav-
ing the care of one church for fifty-
eight years — preaching until he was
'iighty-three. Very high preferment
was offered, and urged upon him, if
he would conform to the Church of
England, but he remained a dissenter.

The eldest son of James Fall and
Miss Slater, (also James) was a Col-
onel in the British army, and his eld-
est son was the late Rev. Philip 81a-
ter Fall.

Col. Fall had suffered in fortune,
through a friend, and came, in 1817 to
America, being influenced by his great
uncle, Dr. Slater, who preceded him.
His wife, the daughter of a clergyman
of the Church of England, died within
three months after their arrival in
this country. Her son's diary, writ-
ten at the time, speaks of her piety
and charity, and "the charity that
thinketh no evil ;" of her beauty, grace,
and devotion to her husband and chil-
dren. In three months more, her bro-
ken-hearted husband (having pur-
chased a good farm in Logan county,
Ky., for his family) followed her;
leaving eleven children, the eldest of
whom, Philip, was eighteen years old.

In writing upon a subject that is
very near the heart, there is danger
of saying more than good taste would
warrant, but you may care to hear
something of two long lives that, in a
degree, influenced two generations.
At twenty-two years of age, Mr. Fall
was married to Miss Anne Apperson
Bacon, to whom he was devoted dur-
ing the remaining sixty-seven years
of her life. Both had been born to
fortune, both had been disappointed
in their patrimony. But they had

youth, and an earnest desire to be of
use in the world; tastes and aims so
congenial, that it is impossible to con-
sider them separately. With his an-
tecedents it was natural that Mr. Fall
should be either a soldier or an am-
bassador of the Prince of Peace; and
perhaps he was both. Left an orphan,
with heavy responsibility, there lay
before him a warfare that required
the faith and the courage of his fa-
thers, unrecorded battles, such as the
world sometimes offers. Before his
marriage, he had been ordained a
minister in the Baptist Church of
Franklin county; within a few years,
he undertook, in addition, a school in
Louisville, which he ever remembered
with sincere pleasure. Then he was
called to the Baptist Church in Nash-
ville, which understood his opinions of
Mr. Campbell's views, as being in ac-
cord with their own. The congrega-
tion being small, he had leisure for
teaching, in which he delighted, and
resided there for seven years. His
health suffering, he came in 1832 to a
farm he had purchased near Frank-
fort, and opened a school, bringing
with him several of his Nashville pu-
pils. The Christian Church, which
then consisted of seven members, de-
sired him to preach for it, which he
did for about twenty years.

Both he and Mrs. Fall were emi-
nently fitted for having charge of
young ladies, by sympathy with them,
and by love of literary pursuits, and
they were thus engaged for so long a
period, that many children of those
whom they had taught, were placed in
their care. Other duties forbade
Mrs. Fall any share in teaching, ex-
cept in the art of reading aloud, in
which she excelled, and which was
then considered important. But their
pupils owed much to her lofty tone of
mind, her example of rare courage
and self-command, her taste for the
best authors, as well as her regard for

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the domestic virtues. She remarked
to a young heiress from Booth Caro-
lina, "now before you leave school,
you must cut and make a dress." Per*
ceiving a shade of reluctance, she said
kindly, "my dear, there iB no necessity
now for your doing it, but you do not
know what reverses you may meet."
She made the dress and wore it.
Many years after, she said to a circle
of ladies in Mrs. Tubman's parlor in
Augusta, "before the war, our in-
come was fifteen thousand dollars, and
we spent it. Since my husband's
death we have had fifteen hundred,
and have lived on it. But whatever
I am as a practical woman, I owe (lay-
ing her hand on Mrs. Fall's) to my
mother here." In all Mr. Fall's la-
bors, in the trials that must beset
every path, she was his strength and
comforter, her fortitude never failing.
In instructing those for whose welfare
they felt such anxiety, they did not
claim to be infallible, or uniformly
successful, but many noble women
have borne testimony to their fidelity.
We were never influenced to adopt
the tenets of any one church, but were
required to study the Bible, to memo-
rize portions of it; were taught that
we must continue the education of
which only the foundation had been
laid; were taught that for the use of
any talent or any gift, we should be
held accountable by our Maker. Mr.
Fall's quick insight enabled him to de-
termine promptly whether a pupil
needed to be brightened by encour-
agement, guided, appealed to in kind-
ness, or controlled by the strong hand
A gentleman wrote to him, "I have a
daughter, my only child. Her mother
is dead; her friends can not manage
her, her teachers can not, nor can 1.
Will you take her?" Being a brave
man, he consented, and for some time,
there was no evidence of ill temper.
At length, hearkening to her perverse
demon, she rebelled. But his firm-

ness subdued and conquered her, and
she became a good and useful woman
afterward.

His greatest work as a preacher was
done in Nashville. Mr. Ferguson, bril-
liant, eloquent and beloved, having be-
come infected with spiritualism, the
elders of the church requested him to
resign. They then (in 1857) wrote to
Mr. Fall, calling him to the vacant pul-
pit, saying: "While we know it to be
wrong to trust to an arm of flesh, we
believe that, so far as human means
go, you are the one person who can
save the church." His efforts were
greatly blessed; those who had clung
to Ferguson returning one by one to
their allegiance to the church.

Wisdom and tact harmonized all
parties, Mrs. Fall aiding him in this
as in all else, winning the hearts of
the old and young, making firm
friends. The Civil War came on and
they visited the sick, ministered to the
needy prisoners, comforted the dying,
all the more diligently because their
own gallant boy had fallen at Fort
Donelson. They were candid in ex-
pressing their devotion to the South-
ern cause, that had cost them so much,
but were not molested as were many
of the citizens of Nashville. This may
have resulted from the fact that,
when ordered to take the oath or go
South, Mr. Fall said to the authori-
ties: "If the oath I have taken (in or-
der to become a voter) iB not sufficient,
1 prefer to remain a British subject."

He was the only prominent Protest-
ant minister remaining dn the city
whom Governor Johnson had not con-
fined in the penitentiary, that being
the political prison, so that upon him
fell "the care of all the churches."

When Dr. Quintard consulted him
upon going as chaplain to the First
Tennessee Regiment, Mr. Fall ended
the conference, saying: "Well, you
go and take care of the boys, and I'll

Digitized by Google

stay and take care of the women and
children."

It devolved upon him to visit their
sick and sorrowing and to bury their
dead, and, so sympathizing was he
that, after the release and return of
their own beloved pastors, (with whom
he held the happiest relations) they
continued to send for him in illness.

When preaching, he seemed to for-
get the turmoil of the times. After
the battle at Stone river, all the
churches were needed for use of the
wounded. But a number of citizens
who were Union men petitioned the
General commanding, that his church
might be restored to him as soon as
possible, for they believed his teach-
ing would do more to promote order
than bayonets could do. (General Gar-
field wrote him a letter at this time
which is still in the family.) When,
however, an order was issued to all
ministers of the Gospel, ordering them
to give thanks publicly on the follow-
ing Sunday for the cruel death of
General John Morgan, the renowned
cavalry chief, he said, before going to
church: "I'll render unto Caesar the
things that are Caesar's, but no man
shall dictate to me my course in the
pulpit."

He was frequently consulted as to
questions of finance or discipline in
various congregations of the city,
preaching occasionally with as much
enjoyment as he had in being Rev.
Dr. Blaney's "supply." (Sometimes to
the pulpit of the First Presbyterian
church of Frankfort.)

At length, (finding the outer man
failing in strength), the church contin-
uing happy and prosperous, he left
it in good hands and returned to his
Kentucky home, being called to Nash-
ville whenever he was needed there
subsequently.

Of the love and reverence and great

kindness that blessed the latter years
of Mr. Fall's life, none need to be
told, and words would fail me in the
telling. Those to whom he was most
dear can never forget how all Frank-
fort honored him. (A quiet, pleasant
home was bought and presented to him
by loving citizens, where he spent the
evening of his life, and from which his
spirit took its flight to heaven, leav-
ing his beautiful blessing upon the
little capital that had so loved and
honored and cared for him, in return
for the blessing and distinction he
had given it).

After seven years of martyrdom,
most heroically endured, Mrs. Fall
had her release two years before
his death. At the age of nine-
ty-two, he was called to join her and
thankfully obeyed the summons, and,
his departure reminded one of the
setting sun, shining clear and bright,
declining gently until we could see his
face no more.

Of ten children, but two survive,
Mrs. Edmund H. Taylor (whose chil-
dren are Philip Fall, Sallie Jouett,
married to Dr. James, and Edmund
Haynes), and William Ware, whose
children are Albert Bacon (Justice of
the court of New Mexico), Philip Sla-
ter, and Catharine, married to Horace
Ropes. The children of Albert and
Emma (Morgan) Fall, are John Mor>
gan, Alexina and Caroline.

ELIZABETH FALL TAYLOR.

Jan. 2, 1896.

NOTE.

Mrs. Elizabeth Fall Taylor, the au»
thor of this paper, (read before the
Society of "Colonial Daughters," in
1896), was one of the most cultured
and accomplished ladies that ever
adorned the society of Frankfort. She
died in Atlanta, Ga., May 11th, 1899.

Digitized by Google

Google

Governor James Garrard.

In the county of Bourbon, Ky., near
its county seat, Paris, may still be
seen the quaint old fashioned home of
Governor Garrard, who succeed-
ed Governor Isaac Shelby in 1796, as
Governor of Kentucky, and who, by
successive election became his own
successor in the Gubernatorial chair,
filling two terms, from 1796 to 1804.
He was born in Stafford county, Vir-
ginia, January 14, 1749. He was a
Revolutionary soldier, and member of
the Virginia Legislature afterward,
and it is said, "to him more than to
any other individual were the people
of that time indebted, for the passage
of the act, conferring universal relig-
ious liberty." He shared the perils
and dangers of an early emigrant to
Ky. He married in Virginia, Mies
Elizabeth Montjoy, and brought her
to Kentucky, "in a coach and four."
The family portraits of this worthy
pair, painted by Jouett, represent
them as very handsome people. Gov-
ernor Garrard was of Huguenot ances-
try, and perhaps <to this stern and
dauntless ancestry, he wae indebted
for the superior wisdom and prudence
which characterised him as a Chris-
tian gentleman, and public official. In
every act of his life, in private and
in public life he seemed to set before
himself, first, "the mark of the high
calling" of a professed follower of
Christ. Living up to this ideal, it is
no wonder he won the confidence of
the people as a model gentleman with
few equals among the splendid soldier-
ly men of his time.

The county of Garrard was named
for him, in honor of has distinguish*
ed services for the State at its form-

ing, and his ability in quieting many
of the unpleasant embryo difficulties
that might have resulted disastrous-
ly to the young State, if allowed de-
velopment in its beginning. He was
the first Governor to occupy the pres-
ent executive mansion, which was
built in 1797. He dispensed, we have
learned, a generous hospitality there,
and inaugurated its time honored
levees. WJien his last term of office
expired in 1804, he retired to his own
residence, Mount Lebanon in Bour-
bon county. He was greatly belove4
by his family and friends, and dis-
charged every duty to family, neigh-
bor and friend with beautiful courtesy
and kindness. He died at his resi-
dence, January 19th, 1822, in the sev-
enty-fourth year of bis age. From
the family Bible we have the follow-
ing data of Governor James Garrard
and his wife, Elisabeth Montjoy.
James Garrard, born July 14, 1749,
Elisabeth Montjoy, his wife, born
May 2d 1751. Married Dec. 20, 1769.

Children of Governor and Mrs.
James Garrard: William, James,.
John, Mary, John 2nd, Daniel, Elis-
abeth Montjoy, Nancy, Ann Eleanor,
Peggy, Maria, and Sarah.

CHILDREN'S MARRIAGES.

James Garrard and Nancy Lewis
were married Oct 10th, 1793.

John Edwards, Jr., and Mary Gar*
rard married July 6th, 1794.

John Garrard and Mary Shipp were
married May 25th, 1805.

Isham Talbott and Peggy Garrard
married January 24th, 1804.

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Daniel Garrard and Lacy Tomlin
married February 20th, 1808.

Thos. W. Hawkins and Ann Elean-
or Garrard married March 20th, 1803.

Jas. J. Brooks and Elizabeth Mont-
joy Garrard married May 9th, 1810.

Peter Dudley and Maria Garrard
married Nov. 15th, 1815.

William Garrard and Suaanah Pears
married January 20th, 1818.

On the following page is a picture
of Mt. Lebanon, the historic old home
of Governor Garrard, with appended
sketch of it from a Paris newspaper
published some years ago.

i AN HISTORIC OLD HOME.

Two miles from Paris, on a breeze-
swept knoll commanding an extensive
view of the surrounding country, and
embowered in giant oaks, catalpas
and other spreading "monarchs of the
woods," stands an old stone mansion,
the old home of Governor James Gar-
rard, which bears the unique distinc-
tion of having been built by a future
Governor of Kentucky for the resi«
dence of a man who became distin-
guished as having been twice elected
to the Chief Magistracy of the State.
Governor Thos. Metcalfe, familiarly
known as "Old Stone Hammer," was
the builder, and Gov. Jas. Garrard the
owner and occupant, in 1785.

This famous old residence, a view of
which is here presented, is a cool,
comfortable, two-story stone struc-
ture, with walls eighteen inches thick,
and as solidly built as a fortress.
With the exception of the gable and
portico, it is unchanged since the days
of its pioneer owner. At one corner
springs an immense cherry tree, eight
feet in circumference, with huge out-
spreading branches. From this tree
twenty bushels of cherries were gath-
ered this season. A giant catalpa
tree on the lawn gave the name to
Talbot Broa.' famous runner, "Catal-

pa," which made a mark in racing cir-
cles some years ago. The interior is
finished in hardwood, even to the raft-
ers, is restful to the eye and is sugges-
tive of comfort and ease. A wide
lawn, dotted with shrubbery and
trees, spreads out in front, over-
looking a stretch of country as beau-
tiful as the eye of man ever gazed up-
on.' In the distance flows the waters
of Stonor Creek. Within easy dis-
tance is an old landmark — Coulthard's
mill. In the middle distance, in a
state of semi-ruin, stands the old
stone residence, "Fairfield," former
home of Gen. Jas. Garrard, second son
of the old Governor.

"Mt. Lebanon," as the old place was
named by its owner, is now the home
of Wm. Garrard Talbot and T. Hart
Talbot, great grandsons of Gov. Gar-
rard. The estate embraces 400 acres
of beautiful woodland and pasture-
land, and has been converted into a
model stock farm. Here were bred the
thoroughbreds Eberhardt, Ocean
Wave, John Bright, Catalpa, Miss
Hawkins, Leaflet, Lufra, Liera, Bright
Light, Perkins, and many others well
known to the turf. Within the his-
toric old walls, Mr. Wm. Garrard Tal-
bot and his charming wife, nee Miss
Annie Thomas, are host and hostess,
master and mistress and dispensers
of true hospitality.

This old homestead has a historic-
al value aside from its connection
with the home-life of Gov. Garrard.
In it the first session of court in Bour-
bon county was held, on Tuesday,
May, 16, 1786, one hundred and thir-
teen years ago. The first book of the
court, in which is recorded the pro-
ceedings of that august body, is still
in existence in the County Clerk's of-
fice. At this session John Edwards
was appointed county clerk; Benj.
Harrison (for whom Harrison county
was named), sheriff ; and Jas. Garrard,
then Justice of the Peace, was appoint-

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KEQISTDR OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

ed countty surveyor. The appoint-
ments were subsequently confirmed
by the Government of the Colony of
Virginia, of which Kentucky was a
part. John Allen was admitted to the
practice of law, being the first attor-
ney to be admitted in the county.
John Edwards, the clerk, was the first
United States Senator from Kentucky
upon its admission into the Union.

Gov. Garrard was born in Stafford
county, Va., on January 14, 1794. He
served as Colonel in the State mili-
tia of Stafford county during the Rev-
olutionary War, and was afterwards
elected to the Virginia Legislature,
where he was a staunch supporter of
the bill to establish universal relig-
ious liberty. In 1783 he removed to
this county, where, in 1785, he built
"Mt. Lebanon." He at once became
prominently identified with the
public affairs of -the county. Short-
ly after his settlement in this
county, he was ordained to the
Baptist ministry, having embraced
that faith in Virginia, and was
tor a time pastor of the Coop-
er's Run church, in the immediate vi-
cinity of his home. In 1792 he was a
member of the convention which met
in Danville to form a Constitution for
the State, and was* several times rep-
resentative in the Legislature. In
1790 he was a member of the commit-
tee to lay off what is now Paris, then
called "Hopewell." Gov. Garrard
moved that the name be changed to
"Paris," and his motion was adopted.
In 1796 he was elected Governor end
was re-elected in 1800, the only in-
stance in the history of the State
where a Governor served two terms.
Besides these, he filled other offices
of trust and responsibility, with honor
and credit to himself and to the peo-
ple whom he represented. He was a
man of great practical usefulness.
His death occurred at "Mt. Lebanon''
on January 19, 1882, in his seventy-

fourth year. He was sicerely mourned
not only by the people of the county,
but by those of the whole State.

Gov. Garrard remains repose under
a marble box tomb in a burial plot
in the rear of the house. A neat stone
wall encloses the grounds. By his side
lie his wife and daughter. A monu-
ment erected by the State of Ken-
tucky at his grave bears witness to
his worth in the following inscription,
which covers all four sides* of the
die: "THIS MARBLE consecrates
the spot on which repose the mortal
remains of COLONEL JAS. GAR-
RARD, and records a brief memorial
of his virtues and his worth. He was
born in the county of Stafford in the
Colony of Virginia on the 14th day of
January, 1849; on attaining the ago
of manhood, he participated with the
patriots of the day in the dangers and
privations incident to the glorious and
successful contest which terminated
in the independence and happiness of
our country. ENDEARED to his
family, his friends, and to society by
the practice of the social virtues of
Husband, Father, Friend and Neigh-
bor; honored by his country by fre-
quent calls to represent her dearest
interests in her Legislative Councils;
and finally by two elections to fill the
chair of the Chief Magistracy of the
State, a trust of the highest confi-
dence and deepest interest to a free
community of virtuous men profess-
ing equal rights and governed by
equal laws; a trust which for eight
successive years he fulfilled with that
energy, rigor, and impartiality which,
tempered with Christian spirit of God-
like mercy and charity for the faults
of men, is best calculated to perpet-
uate the inestimable blessing of Gov-
ernment and happiness of man. An
administration which received its
best reward below, the approbation
of an enlightened and grateful coun-
try, by whose voice, expressed by a

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resolution of General Assembly, in ants that the movement was aband-

December, 1822, THIS MONUMENT oned, and in this quiet corner of the

of departed worth and grateful sense place he so loved, his dust lies undis-

of public service was erected and is turbed.

inscribed." u Mt. Lebanon" is in a remarkable

Several years ago an effort was state of preservation, and stands as

made to have the remains moved to a monument of Kentucky's pioneer

the State Cemetery at Frankfort, days, when men built wisely and well,

where so many of the State's distin- and for the benefit of coming genera-

guished dead lie, but it was so strenu- tions.
ouely opposed by the living descend-

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Governor Christopher Greenup.

On a grassy bank of the Kentucky
river, at the western end of Broad-
way, Frankfort, on the south side of
the trestle of the Louisville & Nash-
ville Railroad, there is standing the
old-fashioned mansion of Governor
Greenup. (In his will, written in
1817, and probated in May, 1818, he
mentions this lot on Broadway). He
was the third Governor of Kentucky,
and succeeded Governor James Gar*
rard, who served two terms. Govern*
or Greenup was a Virginian and a
Revolutionary soldier. lie brought
to Kentucky not only his distinction
as a brave and manly warrior in "the
times that tried men's souls," but al-
so bis experience in Indian warfare,
and the management of this crafty
foe who was still lurking in the cane
and cedars about the hills of the lit-
tle capital. In 1793, he was sworn
in as an attoraey-at-law in the old
Court for the District of Kentucky,
and, in 1792, was one of the two men
from Kentucky sent to Congress. In
1797, his term having expired, he be-
came Clerk of the Senate of the Leg*
islature of Kentucky, and held this
position until a short time before his
election to the high office of Gov-
ernor of Kentucky in 1804. History
tells us that for four years he dis-
charged the duties of his high office
with honor and credit both to himself
and the State over which he presid-
ed.

It was during his administration
that Aaron Burr was tried for "high
misdemeanor in organizing from
within the jurisdiction of the United
States a military expedition against
Mexico, a friendly power." Colonel

Joseph Daviess, United States Attor-
ney, "moves for process to compel
Aaron Burr to attend and answer to
the charge." Though guilty, the
grand jury returned, "Not a true bill."
Governor Greenup held himself aloof
from these distressing difficulties, we
are informed, and thus preserved the
peace in the midst of sensation and
excitement incident to Burr's arrest
and trial, and Judge Sebastian's con-
viction before the Legislature of Ken-
tucky of receiving, while on the Su-
preme Bench, a Spanish pension of
|2,000 a year. Prompt, assiduous
and faithful in the labors which
claimed his own personal attention
as Governor, he required the same of
all who were under his immediate con-
trol and influence. A circumstance
occurred while he was in office which
forcibly illustrates the character of
Governor Greenup as a man of a high
sense of justice. Before the resigna-
tion of Judge Muter as one of the
judges of the "Court of Appeals,"
it was known that, though a correct
and honest man, he had become super-
annuated. Owing to this fact, he was
induced to resign his seat, with a
promise that a pension should be al-
lowed him during the remainder of his
life, in consideration of his public
services. The Legislature accordingly
granted him a small pension and after-
ward repealed the act. Governor
Greenup, however, esteeming it an
act of injustice to Judge Muter, and
a breach of public faith, with a de-
gree of decision and high moral cour-
age worthy of himself and his fame,
interposed his constitutional Deroga-
tive and vetoed the bill. (Collins'

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7Q REGISTER OP KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Hist, of Ky., 2d Vol., p. 304.) When
he left the gubernatorial mansion in
1808, he retired to the modest house
on the bank of the river, referred to
in the beginning of this chapter. Lit-
tle is known of his wife, Mrs. Mary
Catherine Greenup, who must have
died some time previous to his death,
as she is not mentioned in his will.
Her kindred were the Peytons and
Lucketts and Hunters, all coming
from Virginia and settling in Ken-
tucky, some of them in Frankfort, and
their descendants are with us to-day.
Mrs. Greenup's name is not mentioned
in history in connection with her dis-
tinguished husband, an omission from
pioneer history very much to be re-
gretted.

Major Robert Gamble, of Tallahaa-
see, Florida, a few years ago, wrote
us: "We have several interesting
mementoes of our Greenup ancestors,
among them a ring given to my grand-
mother Greenup by Mrs. President
Washington, containing locks of hair
from the heads of Mrs. Washington,
Eleanor Custis, Major Henry Lewis
and Lawrence Washington. A com-
panion ring, with a lock of General

Washington's hair, was lost or stolen
during an alarm of fire." From this
note, we see the high position of the
Green ups> among their kindred and
friends in Virginia.

Governor Greenup was born in
Virginia in 1750, and died at Blue
Lick Springs (whence he had gone for
his health) on April 27, 1818. He is
buried in the State lot of the cemetery
at Frankfort, Kentucky. In his will,
he does not mention Ms wife. It is
thought she died some years prior to
his death. The names of his children
'were: —

1. Wilson P.,

2. Christopher,

3. Nancy, who married John G.
Gamble,

4. Susan, who married Craven P.
Luckett,

5. Charlotte Greenup,

6. L ucet ta P. Greenup.

These are the only children named
in the will of Governor Christopher
Greenup.

JOHN G. GAMBLE,
JOHN POPE,
WILLIAM HUNTER,
Ex'ors. of the will of C. Greenup.

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Design for Goebel Monument is Selected on Certain

Conditions.

Work of Sculptor Marrtitti. of Now Yor*, is froforrod by Commit U*.

The Goebel Monument Commission
held a meeting April 8th, in the Ken-
tucky State Historical rooms, and
practically decided to accept a de-
sign offered by Adams & Bon, of Lex-
ington, representing the work of Mar.
reitti, the famous New York sculp-
tor, for a monument of the late Gov.
Wm. Goebel. The commission de-
sired a few changes from the design
submitted, and appointed a committee

consisting of Senator McCreary, Louis
McQuown and Arthur Goebel to ac-
cept the design if the changes are
made.

The following are the members of
the commission: James B. McCreary,
Louis McQuown, Gov. J. C. W. Beck-
ham, David R. Murray, E. E. Hume,
Mrs. C. C. McChord, Mrs. Ed. Fennell,
Mrs. Chas. M. Lewis and Miss Sally
Jackson.

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Inquiries.

(This department is open to all sub-
scribers).

Can you give us» any information or
Ruth Boone, who was born in North
Carolina in 1769; was married to Plu-
right Sisk in April, 1790, at Boones-
boro? Who was her father and moth-
er? Did they live at Boonesboro, Ky.,
also? — R. B. E.

Can you give us any information of
the Haggin family that once lived
in Frankfort, Ky.? Were they re-
lated to James Haggin, the million-
aire of California? and, if so, will
you tell us the name of the father of
tbat family?— O. B.

Can you tell us anything of the
Dean family? I am searching for
William Dean. It is a tradition in our
family that my great grandfather,
William Dean, was in the Revolution-
ary War in Virginia and, after the
close of the war, went to Kentucky
and settled in Frankfort; was there in
1800 with Philip Nolan.— Effle Dean.

Can you tell us if Florence Crit-
tenden, of Colorado, whose father
built a hospital in New York to her
memory, was a niece of John J. Crit-
tenden of Kentucky?— Elsie Moore.

Is there a family of high position
and wealth living in Frankfort or in
that vicinity by the name of Tisdale?
It is said they moved from Virginia
to Kentucky and settled in or near
Prankfort about 1812. The father,
who was Henry Tisdale, was in the
Revolutionary War. Is there in

your Society a list of Revolutionary
soldiers, or in the land office? Could
I get official proof of the service of
Henry Tisdale in the Revolution?—
W. Y.

Ha*e you a picture of William
Hickman in the historical gallery?
and one of John Ga.no, the chaplain
in General Washington's command?
They were the first two great Baptist
preachers in Kentucky and are buried
out on Elkhorn somewhere. — Uano
Hickman.

Information is desired as to the an-
cestry of Margaret McWilliains
(called Peggy), born Feb. 28, 1781, and
married Daniel Maupin, of Madison
county, Ky., June 10, 1805.

Can any one give information about
Daniel Crews, who is mentioned in
Collins' History of Kentucky as being
a delegate to the Convention of Sep-
tember, 1787, which met in Danville,
Ky. Who were his parents, and who
did he marry? H. D. S.

Information is also desired of one
Moses Phillips, a Revolutionary sol-
dier He lived to an advanced age in
Danville, Ky., and I presume died and
was buried there. He had several
sons; one, John, moved to Middle
Tennessee. He had one daughter,
Lucy. Information is also wanted
about his wife or any of their des-
cendants. From what State did he
come, and when did he enlist in the
Continental army.

Regent D. A. R. of Kentucky.

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List of Portraits, Pictures, Etc., in the Kentucky State

Historical Society's Rooms.

Portrait*— Governor® Letcher, Met-
calfe, Powell Blackburn.

Photographs— Madison, Crittenden,
Beckham.

Pastel — Governor William Goebel.

Paintings — Mazeppa (loaned); Czar
and Czarina of Russia, 1864; three
large paintings presented to Ken-
tucky by patriotic citizens of Phila-
delphia in 1892, in memory of her en-
trance into the Union in 1792. Re-
ceived in the old State House in Phil-
adelphia, June, 1792. Painting of
Henry Clay in Paris, taken after the
Treaty of Ghent.

Pictures of General James Wilkin-
son, General James Taylor, of New-
port. Ky.; General and Mrs. George
Washington; Theodore O'Hara, poet;
Henry T. Stanton, poet; Col. J. Stod-
dard Johnston, General Peter Dud-
ley, William T. Barry, Benjamin
Franklin, Henry Clay (bust), William
L. Crittenden.

Portraits — Richard L. Collins, Si-
mon Kenton.

Pictures— Copy of Chester Hard-
ing's portrait of Daniel Boone, copy
of J. J. Audubon's portrait of Daniel
Boone, Daniel Boone's stone house in
Missouri.

Wator colors — Peeping thro* the
Fence, A Kentucky Woodland, Beside
the River, The Yule Log, The Ken-
tucky Cardinal, The Empress Jose-
phine.

"Cutting their Names on the Tree,"
painting in oil. Fine picture in India
ink of Mr. W. W. Longmoor, Clork
of the Court of Appeals, 1890. Two
cases of shells; specimens of Ken-

tucky ores in all parts of the State;
bank bills of the first banks in Ken-
tucky; old coins, Confederate money,
diaries, old letters and maps, sheriffs
book, Governor Shelby's roster of his
officers in 1812.

Portrait of Daniel Boone, painted
by Miss Chesney, loaned by Mrs. Jen-
nie C. Morton.

Bust of Governor Beriah Magoffin;
marble bust of Governor Conway;
picture of Daniel Boone and the Indi-
an Chief in battle; picture of Chapman
Todd; Mrs. T. L. Jones, president of
the Ladies' Branch of the Kentucky
Historical Society when reorganized in
1879-80.

Photograph of John G. Carlisle, (life
size.)

Portrait of Christopher Graham,
correspondent of Lord Byron.

Portrait of William Lucky, Poet.

Painting of the "Lost Cause." Loaned
by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton.

Picture of the Old Bridge over the
Kentucky River, built in 1847.

The pillars of this bridge, with the
exception of one, were built by Gov-
ernor Metcalfe, after his return from
the War of 1812. When, in 1894, the
present cantilever bridge was erected,
these pillars could only be removed
from the river by dynamite, such was
the excellent masonry of the work.
This picture of the old bridge was
loaned by Lecompte, Gayle & Co., of
Frankfort. Ky.

Curios and Pictures in the Cabinet.

A letter to James B. McCreary in
1880, inclosing a Continental check for
seven dollars in 1778, which was a por

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tion of the wages due William Mer-
iwether, a soldier of the Revolution,
father of the undersigned.

(This letter is framed.)

D. MERIWETHER.

This letter was found among the
scattering of the Taylor soldiers
in the Executive building. It would
bring a fortune, if sold, in Boston or
New York. It is perhaps the only
such check for Continental money in
Kentucky.

Picture of Colonel Ambrose Dudley,
Frankfort, Ky.

Picture of Colonel R. T. Durrett,
Louisville, Ky.

Picture of Martha Waahington, old*
fashioned water-color, witji pieces of
her dresses worn during the last ad-
ministration of General Washington,
placed around the picture under glass.

Mrs. Ellen Chinn Conway. Photo-
graph.

Win. Hickman, the great pioneer
Baptist preacher.

The cedar bugle of Captain Robert
Collins, used during the War of 1812-
15. Loaned by Mrs. Mayhall.

Mr. and Mrs. Doll, century-old dolls
Curios given by Mrs. Winston.

Solid silver water set.

Daniel Boone's rifle and powder
horn, used in 1769.

A cast of Daniel Boone's skull, made
when his remains were brought to
Frankfort for interment in 1845.

Tea caddy from Japan, 170 years
old.

Photograph of Bishop Smith.
A gourd fiddle, made by an early
settler, and used for many years, was

presented to Mr. W. W. Longmoor,
when elected Clerk of the Court of
Appeals in 1890, and is loaned to the
Society by Mrs. W. W. Longmoor. It
is a curio of musical interest.

China tea pot, coffee pot and jar
of date Henry VIII, when the seal of
the noble familes was ordered to be
placed on all the china used by them.
This is spoad china, and is given by
Miss Sally Jackson.

A butter dish used on Gov. Garrard
table when he moved to the mansion
in 1798, then a small plain brick house
in a square of forest trees, donated to
the State. Subject to recall by the
heirs of the donors, under certain con-
ditions named in the deed.

Holland blue plate, nearly 300 years
old, loaned by Mrs. George W. Lewis.

Sevres plate from LaFontainebleau —
1646— contributed by Mrs. Laura Tor-
rence. Also a spoad plate from Lon-
don by Mrs. Laura Torrence.

Teacup and saucer of the first set
of china brought over the mountains
from Virginia by McBride in 1775.
Loaned by Mrs. Martha Reid.

RaTe cups and saucers from China,
Japan, Paris, London and Vienna.

Pewter charges, 200 years old.

Spinnet, the first one brought into
Kentucky.

War implements — rifles, swords and
pistols — and flags of the Civil and
Spanish Wars. One flag of the War
of 1812-15, a guidon, framed.

Stones used on the track of the
railroad from Frankfort to Lexington,
1833.

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JVecrology.

CapU Ed. Tarter Thompson.

It is with deep regret that we record
in this number of the Register the
death of our friend and neighbor, Cap*
tain Ed. Porter Thompson. He had
long been known to the State as a
gallant Confederate officer, as Super-
intendent of Public Instruction, as
State Librarian, as the author of that
most valuable record of the Confeder-
ates of Kentucky, "History of the Or-
phan Brigade," and other books of a
historical character, and as custodian
of the State Buildings. It was while
in the last office we came to know him
best and to esteem him as one of the
kindest, gentlest and most courteous
officials the State has ever had. Be-
ing a member of the Kentucky State
Historical Society, he was ever ready
to assist us in everything that per-
tained to the welfare and success of
the Society. As a department of the
State, the rooms came under his care
and he was always attentive and
obliging. When the Register was
founded, he promptly acceded to the
request that he should be a contribu-
tor to its pages, and prepared his first
article, "The first railroad west of the
Alleghenies," with illustrations, which
appeared in the January number.
This was to be followed by a second,
but the kind hand, "with the pen of
the ready writer," has been folded in
the unbroken clasp of death, and the
generous, prolific pen will no more
send out its valuable intelligence to
the world. Brave, energetic and faith*
ful to his task as compiler of Confed-
5-H

erate records, he was at his desk writ-
ing and examining papers when strick-
en ill. in his feverish sleep, he was
at work trying to finish his task. Sud-
denly his years of ill health and inces-
sant labor closed in death and the
rest that remaineth for the people of
God was his. As public official, auth-
or and soldier, he was laid away in our
cemetery. In his honor, the flag on
the Capitol was at half-mast, and the
State offices were closed to allow all
the public officials to pay respect to
the remains of the wounded soldier,
who, though gashed with Bhot and
sabre, in the "Lost Cause," gallantly
fought the battle of life to the last.
He sleeps well where, now—

"The muffled drum's sad roll has beat

The soldier's last tattoo.
No more on life's parade shall meet

That brave and fallen few.
Nor shall their glory be forgot,

While fame her record keeps,
Or honor points the hallowed spot,

Where valor proudly sleeps."

Captain Thompson was the son of
Lewis M. Thompson, a Virginian, and
was a descendant of William Jennings.
He was born in Metcalfe county, Ky.,
May 6, 1834; died at his home on Shel-
by street, Frankfort, Ky., March 3,
1903. Married April 22, 1858, Miss
Marcel la Thompson. Two children
survive him — Louis Thompson and
Miss Katherine Thompson.

We append this beautiful tribute to
him from the New Capitol:

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No formal introduction is necessary.
As soldier, lawyer, student, author,
he has made history and written his-
tory.

English, as well as American writ*
ers, have pronounced the Orphan Bri-
gade the grandest body of men known
to the annals of war. When the old
Commonwealth wanted her choice bri.
gade marshalled on Fames Eternal
Oampiug Ground in imperishable rec-
ords, the master hand of Ed. Porter
Thompson was assigned to the grate-
ful duty. When, last winter, it was
determined that the muster rolls of
all Kentucky Confederates from what-
ever State they may have enlisted,
should be woven into a still more am-
bitious volume, only one name was
mentioned as capable of the herculean
task; nobody else could compass it.
His record is an open book. We know
of his desperate wounds on several
desperate fields; his imprisonment in
a Northern cell; his exchange and re-
turn, still unable to walk, perhaps the
only soldier on either side who ever
*ent into battle on crutches. His old

comrades say that while no soldier
ever more enjoyed "the rapture of the
fight," he was touched to tears by
agonies of the wounded, and with pris-
oners was gentle as a woman, often
in the very heat of battle thrusting
aside the gun of some one of his sol-
liers when it was leveled at an enemy
who gave intimation of surrender, no-
bly illustrating the poet's truth that

The bravest are the tenderest
The loving are the daring.

Hon. Champ Clark, of Missouri, at
the unveiling of the statues last win-
ter of Benton and Blair, spoke from his
seat in the House of Representatives,
referring to Missouri and Kentucky
soldiers.

"Ed. Porter Thompson," said he,
"of the Orphan Brigade, a private sol-
dier, hobbled into the battle of Mur-
freesboro on crutches." But Captain
Thompson was command!:;:; '
pany and rode horseback in order to
lead his men, carrying his crutches to
meet any emergency which might dis-
mount him during his fight.

Richard P. Stolt

Died suddenly of heart failure at his
residence in Lexington, Ky., Wednes-
day, March 11, 1903. Mr. Stoll was
one of Lexington's most successful
lawyers and distinguished citizens.
He joined the Kentucky State Histor-
ical Society in January, 1897. He was
born in Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1851;

was married to Miss Elvina Stoll, of
Louisville, Ky., in 1875, who survives
him. He was President of the Lex-
iDgton City National Bank, to which
position he was elected in 1883. He
was highly esteemed as a business man
and valued as a friend and citizen.

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Report of Kentucky State Historical Society.

I have the honor to submit the fol-
lowing report of the in gatherings of
out Society since October, 1902.

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON,
Secretary Ky. State Hist. So.

Newspapers —

The Farmers Home Journal.

The Constitutionalist.

The Kentucky New Era.

The New Capitol.

The Shelby Record.

The Henderson Gleaner.
Magazines —

The New England Historical and Ge-
nealogical Register, Boston, Mass.

The Year Book of the Pa, Society
in New York City, New York.

The West Virginia Historical Mag-
azine, Charleston, \V. Va.

Manual of Miscellaneous and Valu-
able Works of Reference, Effingham
Wilson. Royal Exchange, London,
Eng.

West Chester Pa. Daily Local News.

Publication of Iowa Historical So-
ciety. Messages and Proclamations
of the Governors of Iowa, Secretary
Iowa Historical Society.

Wedge wood old blue historical
plates. Jones, McDuffee & Stratton
Co., Boston, Mass.

Catalogue of Lionel Wafer'3 V >yage
and description of Americana, London,
1690. The Burrow Brothers, Clevc
land, Ohio.

Shakespeare's head, by Loseby Lane,
Leicester, England.

Concerning the Forefathers. Char-
lotte Reeve Conover, Dayton, Ohio.

Americana Catalog. Chicago, Ill-
inois.

Inland Farmer, Louisville, Ky.
January, 1903, Register of New Eng- .

land Historical Society, Boston, Mass.

Editor and Publisher, X-mas No.,
New York City.

Farm Machinery — a handsome^ ad*
vertising magazine, St. Louis, Mo.

Prospectus of Charles Francis Ad-
ams' new volume of interesting ad-
dresses. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.,
Boston, Mass.

January, 1903, No. New England
Genealogical and Historical Maga-
zine. Boston, Mass.

Catalogue of rare old books. Ar-
thur Reader, Orange S. Red Lion
Square, London, England.

"Pennsylvania's part in the winning
of the West." By Horace Kephart,
St. Louis, Mo.

Addresses delivered before the Pa.
Society in St. Louis, Mo, 1901. Con-
tributed by E. D. Coe.

Donations —

A wooden box carved in Ireland
more than a hundred years ago; also
a cut-glass goblet, used by Dr. Pen-
dleton, of Virginia, grand-nephew of
President James Madison, and more
than a century old. Contributed by
Miss Eliza Overton.

"The Story of the Century," (a
pamphlet). John Wanamaker, Phila-
delphia.

Books (2 volumes) American His-
torical Association. Smithsonian In*
stitution, Washington, D. C.

The Daily Bulletin, Bloomington,
111., with notice of the "Register."

Old bank bills. Wm. L. Alves, Hen-
derson, Ky.

New map of Kentucky. Mrs. Jen.
nie C. Morton.

Flags of the Fourth Kentucky Regi*
ment. General David Murray.

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Report from Kentucky State Historical Society since

February.

Newspapers —

Farmers Home Journal.

Hopkinsville New Era.

The Constitutionalist.

The Shelby Record.
Pamphlets —

The Lancaster Family.

Nord Amerika, Leipzig.

Bibliograffa Mexican® del Siglo,
Leipzig.

Views and Memoranda of Public
Library, Dublin, Ireland.
Publications from the University of

Cincinnati.

A Misunderstood Passage in Eschy-
lus.

Darwinism and Evolution.

An investigation of the Vascular
System of Bdellostoma Dombeyi.

Observations on the Efferent Neu-
rones in the Electric Lobes of Torpedo
Occidentalis.

France — Her Influence and Aid in
our Revolutionary Struggle.

Reminiscences of the Founding of
the University.

Morphology of the Myxionoidei.

April New England Historical and

Genealogical Register.

Supplement to the April -number.

West Virginia Historical Magazine.

Year Book of the Pa. Society in
New York.

BARR FERREE, Secretary, N. Y.

(A bit of history that will be of ser-
vice to some of our readers who are
related to the heirs of the great Jen-
nings Estate in England, of whieh so
much has been written for many
years.)

In an old Frankfort Commonwealth
of 1854 we find the following pertinent
notice:

"The Jennings Estate."

It is a pretty well established fact
that the much-talkedhof Jennings Es-
tate can not be recovered by any one
of the Jenndngs name. Old Mr. Jen-
nings married Miss Corbin. He having
no child, left his property to his wife.
She died 1 intestate and 1 the property of
40,000 pounds, or |200,000, passes to
her relatives. The Crown of Great
Britain advertised that the money was
in readtfness for the American heirs
to come forward and claim. The Cor-
bins of Virginia were the rightful
heirs of the Jennings Estate through
the Balls of Fairfax, Virginia, the
Jones family, of Washington, D. C,
and the Gordons, of Alexandria, direct
descendants of the Corbins.

Again, after nearly fifty years of
waiting we hear there is a revival of
this claim in Great Britain and Vir-
ginia. It is another proof of the nec-
essity of the people of the United
States to keep family records. Births,
marriages and deaths play a conspicu-
ous part in the claims of heirs to these
enormous estates abroad. The pa-
triotic societies of America are doing
a noble work for its people in estab-
lishing the direct lineage by legal
proof of marriages, of the descendants,
of foreign parentage, and so on down
the ancestral line to the children of
the present day. Hence, it may not
be as difficult in 1903 to obtain the
legal heirs of tfhe Jennings Estate in
America as it was in 1854.

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Proceedings at the

DEDICATION OF THE HALL IN THE STATE

CAPITOL.

JUNE 7. 1769-1361.

[Prom Kentucky Y«oman Report.]

(By special request the Register pub-
lishes the following account of the
proceedings of the Kentucky Histori-
cal Society, dedicating the rooms set
apart by the Legislature for their use
in the State Qapitol, 1879-80.

Of the number of distinguished
Kentuckians who took part in the ex-
ercises of that day, June 7, 1881, only
Col. J. Stoddard Johnston and J ohm
K. Proctor survive. Neither of these
gentlemen are now in any way identi-
fied with the society, and Mr. Proctor
lives in Washington D. C.)

The first meeting of the Kentucky
Historical Society in its new apart-
ments took place, as previously an-
nounced, at 4 o'clock Tuesday evening.
Governor Luke P. Blackburn, presi-
dent of the Society, members of the
executive committee, Mrs. Thos. L.
Jones, president of the ladies' branch,
members of the ladies' committee,
members of the Society, and a number
of interested friends were presetnjt.

The meeting was called to order by
Governor Blackburn, and opened with
prayer by Dr. Jos. D. Pickett, after
which the Governor said:

"I bid you all welcome to these
rooms. Their completion has been
hastened that we might be able to
commemorate the discovery of the
'beautiful level of Kemtuckv' by their
dedication upon this day. I am glad
to see such an assembly of members,

and of ladies and gentlemen who
friends of this noble object, and I give
you a hearty welcome."

He then introduced Col. J. Stoddard
Johnston, who said :

Having been invited to be present
on this occasion and to make some re-
marks, I have deemed it but courtesy
to comply, if only to evince the great
interest I feel in the success of the
Kentucky Historical Society. I con-
gratulate all who are present, and all
who, not being able to be here, yet
watch with fervent interest every step
made toward the establishment of
such an institution as that which this
day claims our attention and good will.
It is not yet three years since the
Kentucky Historical Society was or-
ganized by a few persons who believed
it was time to look to the permanent
founding of a society having such ob-
jects in view. Nearly fifty years ago a
similar body was organized, but it
proved to be short lived amd left but
little record! of its existence. Our aim
has been to avoid the danger which al-
ways threatens such associations
where mere zeal, however creditable,
has proven inadequate t» their perpet-
uation. We have endeavored to lay the
foundation of our new Society deep
and permanent, and to make it, as the
history which it is intended to pre-
serve and illustrate, part of the State

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itself. It is this feature of the Ken-
tucky Historical Society to which I
wi«h especially to address myself, hi
the nope that by briefly outlining its
scope and organization, I may bring
its object and intent to the compre-
hension of every one, and enlist the
cordial co-operation of every intelli-
gent Kentuckian in the valuable work
we have marked out for ourselves.

It being the object and design of this
Society, as declared by its founders, to
collect and preserve all material which
would illustrate the history of our
Commonwealth from its earliest foun-
dation, it soon became evident that
in order to promote this collection two
things were necessary: First, some
permanent and secure place in which
to store our collections. Second^ some
guarantee that collections made, or
contributions tendered, would not be
liable to be scattered or destroyed
whenever the aeaJ of the founders
should slacken, or the iinterest which
inspired the movement die away. The
sources from which material is to be
expected are from individuals who
have jealously stored away old manu-
scripts, maps, and pictures, and the
State archives hid away in mouldy
Chests or dusty pigeon-holes. Neither
of these could be made available with-
out some adequate guarantee that, if
submitted to the care of the Society,
they would be absolutely safe, and not
liable to be scattered upon, the dissolu-
tion of a mere voluntary organization.
The disposition to perform the ob-
jects contemplated by our Society is
very general among all intelligent per-
sons. Every one who appreciates his-
tory, amd has any pride of State, is
ready to aid in preserving the evi-
dences win oh posterity should have,
that the foundation of Kentucky as a
civilized community was attended with
events full of heroic adventure, and
as rich in romance as they were in

heroism. Tradition still holds much
that is unwritten. This is to be reduced
to record. Hundreds of families have
valuable papers stored in garrets, such
as letters which have passed between
the early settlers and their friends
and relatives in the older States.
Scattered and liable to be destroyed
by moth or fire they are lost and use-
less, but if collected and collated, their
value would be inestimable. In our
courts are records and depositions
which will yield collateral proof and
furnish many a necessary link in the
history of our early times. These,
with the archives of the State, and the
valuable contributions to history
made by many industrious writers,
make it reasonable to expect that we
•hall be able to preserve to future gen-
erations a faithful record of the cen-
tury through which we have passed.
But it is a work which mere private or
personal endeavor can not compass.
No one man nor association of individ-
uads, whatever their zeal, could effect
the object. Even were they the men
who, to the education' and the com-
mendable purpose should unite the for-
tune, rare in a new State, to enable
them to devote their time to the colla-
tion and compilation of the necessary
works, there would still be lacking
that feature of guaranty of perma-
nency and security essential to suc-
cess. This we feel we have secured in
having an incorporation by the Legis-
lature, which gives continxious exist-
ence to our body, regardlless of the
duration of our own lives; in secur-
ing from the State such safe and com-
modious quarters for the preservation
of our collections, and in that provis-
ion of our charter which makes the
State the custodian* and residuary
legatee of all we may acquire, if from
any cause we shall cease to have an
existence.
During the two years and a half of

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our existence we have made valuable
progress. I confess that I have at
times thought we were not exhibit-
ing as much fruit as I had hoped, but
when we reflect upom What we had to
do and what we have done, I think
all will take it as a valuable augury
of the future. To succeed in our great-
er work, which must be more than 1 col-
lecting a few relics of Indian warfare,
autographs, and pictures, the essential
thing was to inspire confidence both m
our design and our ability to execute
it. Our presence here to-day attests
that we have done this. By our an-
nual meetings, addresses, and publica-
tions we have made known to the peo-
ple of Kentucky our object, and' the
Legislature, interpreting the popular
wisb, has provided us with these fur-
nished apartments and the means of
preserving in safety whatever is in-
trusted to our keeping. Although time
has mbt been sufficient to arrange for
display the contributions which have
already been made, it is sufficient to
look around these walls to be convinc-
ed that already the spirit of our
endeavor is appreciated, and that
many have thus early intrusted to our
care valuable possessions andl heir-
looms, wmch nothing hut the utmost
confidence would have secured. When
the record of our meeting to-day shall
go forth, and it is known that we are
prepared to receive and securely keep
all things appropriate to such am in-
stitution, I can not doubt but that we
shall reap an abundant harvest of val-
uable contributions.

But with the acquisition of these
rooms we have made only the first
step toward our object. We have a
place of custody with some private
contributions and 1 the whole of the
public archives at our command, or,
strictly speaking in the language of
our charter, such as the Governor may
see fit to intrust to our keeping. It

may be well to inquire what it is that
we should address ourselves to now.
I reply, first to the collection of the
many valuable private collections of
papers to which I have referred above
as now in a perishable conditions This
work, together with collections from
other sources, will be doubtless prose-
cuted with characteristic energy by
our curator, but he should have the
co-operation- of every one of us, and all
who take an interest ini our purpose.
Then we want as many contributions
as we can get of pictures, portraits,
and relics, both of Indians and pio-
meers^ as can be had.

For the custody and preservation of
our effects we shall needl money to
pay a competent person, and to this
end we should invite mot only annual
but life membership, as well as liberal
donations and 'bequests from those
able to contribute in this way. We do
not wisb the Society to be a charge
upon the State, and appeal to the men
of education' and means to contribute
liberally toward its support.

But we shall have a still broader
field for labor than the mere collec-
tion and preservation of the material
for history. It will not do to let so
much that is valuable lie concealed and
inert or liable to the corroding effect
of time, against which no skill of
structure can provide. The world is
entitled to know much of what is con-
tained in these musty records of the
early history of Kentucky, and we
should early begin the publication! of
volumes assimilating to those mow in
course of publication by the older
States, beginning with the colotafial
records. Now the daily press contains
a current history of all important of-
ficial action; but in the first half or
two-thirds of our State's history it was
not so, and much that is of great value
as bearing upon the history of mot
only Kentucky but the northwest, is

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82 REGISTER OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

locked up in the executive journal*,
the official correspondence, and the
early laws and other papers intrust-
ed to our keeping. These should be
carefully collated, annotated, and pub-
lished in permanent form, and will re-
quire the services of a competent head
and pea.

When we therefore unite to the col-
lection and preservation of all that is
valuable as illustrating the warily his-
tory of oiw people, the publication of
what is most worthy of preservation,
and with this include the collection of
all that is most valuable for the un-
derstanding of our current history,
then will our work be fully organized,
and up to the standard contemplated
by its founders. That it shall realize
this conception should 1 be the endeavor
of us all, and that it will do so is my
confident hope.

At the close of Ool. Johnston's re-
marks, the president called upon Ma-
jor Henry T. Stanton, as a member of
the executive committee, to report the
contributions made to the society.

Major Stanton said:

It would be impossible to give any-
thing like a detailed list of the contri-
butions without the aid of the curator,
who was utti/fortunately absent. The
greater part of the property of the
Society was in his hands, and without
his presence it could not be described.
There were a number of large boxes
containing articles of great value al-
ready in the building, but they had 1
iw>t been opened and would not be un-
til turned over to the librarian by the
treasurer, Mr. John R. Proctor, who had
them in custody. The executive com-
mittee nadnot been able to fully furnish
the rooms in time for this meeting,
but he hoped it would accomplish that
in a short time, and with the assist
aaitee of the curator be able to give
some definite idea of the property of
the Society. Mrs. Bush, the librarian,

would enter at once upon her duties,
and that was a sufficient guarantee
tlitat all the articles would be properly
placed and properly cared for.

The articles which were now dis-
played in the rooms, were chiefly those
comprised to the following lists:

A List of Articles Donated to the Ladies'
Branch of the Kentucky His-
torical Society.

No. 1. A quilt, the work of Miss
Lucy Waller Barry, the first wife of
the Honorable William T. Barry. The
cotton was grown on her father's (Wal-
ler Overton) farm, in Payette county.
Mrs. Barry spun and wove the cloth,
and designed am*t worked the embroid-
ery.

No. 2. Embroideries by Mrs. Barry,
Mrs. Whitney, and Miss Overton, sis-
ters.

No. 3. Mittens knitted by Mrs. Oather-
ine A. HSckey, formerly Mrs. W. T.
Barry, nee Mason.

No. 4. An old bead watch chain
worn by Mrs. Catherine Mason Barry
in 1829.

No. 5. Piece of lace work made be-
fore the Revolution.

No. 6. Mrs. Washington's work, and
pieces of her dresses.

No. 7. Bird painting of pioneer days.

No. 8. Flower painting of pioneer
days.

No. 9. A pair of very old frames,
with silhouette likenesses of General
Thomas Overton, of the Revolution,
and of Mrs. Waller Overton.

No. 10. Work in embroidery by Mrs.
John J. Crittenden, nee Innis.

No. 11. Patch-work, made over sev-
enty years ago, by Mrs. Thomas Ar-
nold, a pioneer, and a daughter of Gen-
eral Jonathan Taylor.

No. 12. Silhouette likeness of Gen.
James Taylor, a pioneer, who was
present at the organization of the
State Government June 10, 1792.

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■REGISTER OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

No. 13. Likeness of the Hon. Wil-
liam T. Barry — a photograph from an
oil painting by Jouett.

List of Articles of Modern Art.

No. 1. Hand painting on silk, by
Mrs. James Taylor, Nashville, Tenn.

No. 2. Embroidery, by Miss Mary J.
Taylor, Nashville, Tenn.

No. 3. Book mark, by Mrs. J. J.
Jones, Newport.

No. 4. Painting, by Miss Mattie
Sanders, Newport.

No. 5. Bird painting, by Miss Nel-
lie Abert, Newport.

No. 6. Fruit painting, by Miss Jen-
nie Abert, Newport.

No. 7. Historical drawing of Daniel
Boone in an encounter with the In-
dians, by Ool. J. W. Abert, Newport.

No. 8. Mats, by Miss Susan Barry
Abert, Newport.

No. 9. Painting in oil, by Miss Lizzie
Jones, now Mrs. Brent Arnold', Cin-
cinnati.

These were presented by Mrs. Thos.
L. Jones, president of the ladies'
branch, and it will be s*»en that 'they
are of great interest and value to the
Society.

Major Stanton them* referred to the
original letter from Daniel Boone, pre-
sented at the last meeting, and the life-
size portrait of the venerable Dr. C.
C. Graham, both of which were in his
possesion, and would shortly be
placed in the rooms.

Mrs. Thos. L. Jones was then called
upon to point out the several articles
mentioned in the foregoing lists, and
did so.

As president of the ladies' branch,
she made the following report:

The ladies' branch of the Historical
Society was organized tor the purpose
of appointing the work best suited to
feminine taste and abiKty. To men it
properly appertains to judge the
thoughts and 1 deeds of their fellow-

men ; theirs be the task to compile the
histories of statesmen. But to treat
of woman, it needs the tender hand of
her ownu sex— ours therefore, the task
to celebrate the women of Kentucky.

Since our meeting February twelfth,
much thought has been given to the
subject of our undertaking. Letters
have 'been written to ladies of Ken-
tucky in and out of the State, and an
interest has been created for our

Attention to the matter of corres-
pondence can not be too highly esti-
mated'; it is the most direct mode of
enlisting friends for the Society.

On account of t he want of money in
the treasury, we have not called upon
the executive committee for circulars
to distribute in solicitation of mem-
bers. We have been fortunate in col-
lecting some souvenirs of the past; ar-
ticles of value chiefly from their asso-
ciation with the noble womemi who
wrought them, and who long ago fold-
ed their hands forever.

The specimens of modern art so gen-
erously donated are very interesting,
amd the promise of richer things to
come. Let us appreciate this effort,
and take encouragement; it is a be-
ginning and an earnest of the spirit
which animates us.

The Governor then introduced Hon.
Joseph D. Pickett, chairman of the
executive committee, who spoke as fol-
lows:

Mr. President, Fellow-members of the
Historical Society, Ladies and Gen-
tlemen:

From her earliest record to the pres-
ent time, Kentucky has been an inter-
esting and instructive study to tihe
man of science and the man of letters.
So truthful is her natural and civil
history, that our State may well en-
gage our common admiration and in-
spire our common love. History is in-

Digitized by Google

deed a "successive revelation of God,"
whether we regard the grand transi-
tion periods recorded by the hand of
Nature, or the grand heroic eras record-
ed by the pen. of man. Then, with this
solemn and sublime conviction in our
minds, and with this important lesson
in our hearts, let us with profound
reverence and with supreme confidence
consider, on this memorable anniver-
sary, at the dedication of this hall, the
purposes of Providence in the foun-
dation and development of Kentucky.
If it be possible, let us, in some meas-
ure, define her character, determine
her position in the relation of States
and Empires, and indicate her duty
and' her destiny iro the world's march
toward a true Christian civilization.

In imagination, let us transport our-
selves to that pristine period when the
foundations of Kentucky were laid in
the deep, when God sai-d, "Be light,
and light was!" Then the mighty bil-
lows rolled) over the soil upon which
we stand, before its generous bosom,
fostered by a series of ages, arose from
the waters to be prepared as a nursery
of historic men and women, from the
days of the pioneers to the living pres-
ent.

Science, which is the logic of God,
informs us in the language of geology,
that the natural history of Kentucky
is enshrined within her own bosom.
We have only to seek the secret in
order to discover it. We may behold
it in the very face of yonder bold and
rugged hill. The revelation will teach
us what God has done, and what He
in His providential wisdom directs us
to do. Her natural medals, preserved
for the age of man, for the era of
civilization, inform us that there was
a period when her fauna and her flora
were gigantic; when the mighty mas-
todon had his home here, and ini lordly
ami undisturbed majesty roamed
through mighty forests which furnish.

ed him shelter, and fed upon the rich-
est and rankest vegetation which fur-
nished him food. Great natural forges
hud fashioned the massive veins of
iron and) coal which ennoble our moun-
tains and enrich our hills, and, in the
very language of Providence, generous-
ly invite us to extend our hands and
enrich and ennoble ourselves. This
was the heroic period of the mineral
age, and faithfully does it record its
owtnt great achievements. Shall not
the day soon come when Kentucky
will be the mdstress of her own mineral
resources, and realize that spirit of in-
dejM^ndemce and enterprise which are
the main pillars of sovereignity? Shall
not our beloved State come up modest
ly, yet majestically, to the just meas-
ure of self-appreciation? Friends and
fellow-citizens! Do we not hear from
the summit of yon blue and distant
mount a ins the voice of Providence —
the signal voice calling upon the Low-
landers to strike hands in solemn com-
pact with the Highlanders to perform
a work of common duty and develop-
ment? The direction of Providence is
clear and conclusive, and' let us inaug-
urate t he second decade of our second
century with a firm determination to
give answer to our enterprise, and
thus develop our own rich, natural re-
sources, and make them subservient to
the true and substantial interests of
our county and State and the advanc-
ing civilization of the age. Remember
that it is the office of our Society not
ottiily to record history, but to indicate
the means and methods of making his-
tory.

When this grand heroic age of Na-
ture had performed its office and ac-
complished its work in laying broad,
deep, and enduring foundations for the
empire of man, we look to legend, to
tradition, and to history for his mani-
festation. Reason, revelation, and
science, all agree in referring the na-

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tions of the earth to a common origin,
and ethnology determines that the ab-
original tribes of America had their
origin in the Semitic tribes of Asia.
The correspondence in language and
religion, with physiological identity,
exhibits this relationship.

Legend informs as that several cen-
turies after "the ddspersion of man-
kind," great tribes contributed to the
settling and peopling of America. Af-
ter many and material changes in their
rise and fall through ages, Kentucky
became, not less than fifteen hundred
years ago, the seat of a powerful em-
pire, a homogenous confederacy of ab-
original tribes that occupied the val-
ley of the Ohio and cultivated the arts
of peace. From their monuments they
are known as mound- builders, and
from the correspondence of their ar-
chitecture and their implements with
those of the Aztec and Inca, they are
identified and determined to be of a
common origin. Previously to the
year 1824, not less than 148 towns and
605 teocallis, or houses of the gods, in
this State, were duly recorded and
classified by Prof. Ratine sque. In
many of them were found proofs of an
advancing civilization, indicating some
knowledge of geometry, astronomy, ar-
chitecture, metals, and pictorial
writing, and it has been* sup-
posed that Kentucky, in the
greatest prosperity of her ab-
original empire, had a popula-
tion of not less than half a million.
The sun, moon and earth constituted
the natural trinity of the people. Rest-
ing on the fair and fertile itosom of
the mother which they loved, and from
which they drew their sustenance, they
looked up in adoration to the deity
thatigave them light by day and to the
deity that afforded them light by night.
The race of the Mound-builders, as
their remains attest, had not the ca-
pacity for a high order of civilization;

but, stiH, they cultivated in large
measure the arts of peace, the bene-
ficent offspring of the genius of gen-
uine progress. This great empire was
finally over-run by ruder nations from
the Northwest, ttoe Goths and Vandals
of aboriginal America. The vanquish-
ed nations were driven southward, and
the savage hordes reigned supreme
from the mountains to the Mississip-
pi. .. .

Centuries rolled by, an empire lay
buried in this great valley of the Ohio,
for the remains of its civilization had
yielded to the savage conqueror, who,
in turn, yielded to the sovereignty of
Nature, who stood re- born in primeval
beauty, majesty, and power.

"States fail, arts fade, but Nature
doth not die."

We emerge from the dark legend-
ary of Kentucky into the dawn of its
positive arod authentic history. We
shall not lift the veil and attempt to
reveal the adventures of the earliest
visitors to Kentucky: Col. Wood, in
1654; Father Marquette, in 1672;
Father Hennepin, in 1680; Tonti and
La Salle, in 1683; Longueil, in 1739,
and Walker in 1750 and 1760. Their
visits were not in fact nor in effect suc-
cessful explorations of the country.
But John Findmy, of North Carolina,
was the first true explorer amd pioneer
of the wilderness of Kentucky. With
a party of hunters from Nortjh Caro-
lina, he crossed the mountains and ad-
vanced' as far as our beautiful valley
of Elkhora in 1767. The brave and
adventurous pioneer looked upon this
fair and goodly land in its re-born
pride, in the bloom and beauty of sum-
mer maidenhood, and on his return
gave so glowing am account of the
grandeur of the forests, the fertility
of tJhe soil, the beauty of the scenery,
the salubrity of the air and water, and
the abundance of the game, that the

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■REGISTER OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

earnest heart of the heroic hunter of
the Yadkin — Daniel Boone — was stir-
red to its very depths. He who was
destined to be the great "backwoods-
man of Kentucky," and its first settler,
heard and resolved. With John Find-
lay as pilot, he went forth on the 1st
of May, 1769, bound for the Land of
Promise, the Canaan of the West, "the
country of Kantuck-ee." The party,
consisting of six hunters, young, bold
and ardent, left their pleasant and
peaceful homes for the perilous jour-
ney into the wikterness, the haunt of
the red man, the sworn and irreconcil-
able foe of the white man. The master
spirit was Boone, who gave directness
and definiteness to the pioneer move-
ment which settled Kentucky, and de-
termined, under Providence, her snb-
lime destiny. Boone, the representa-
tive of a new .race, the civilizers of
earth, led the van in a new march, in-
augurated a new era which eventuated
in the establishment of the present em-
pire of civilization upon the ruins of
that aboriginal empire that sleeps be-
neath our teet.

Through the pathless woods for full
three hundred miles, passing three
great mountain ranges, Boone and his
brave band held their way, undaunted
by danger, unvisited by disease. In his
own language, and from his own "Nar-
rative," he says: "We proceeded suc-
cessfully, and after a long and fa-
tiguing journey through a mountain
wilderness, in a westward direction.
On the seventh day of June, following,
we found ourselves on Red River,
where John Pindlay had formerly been
trading with the Indian*, and from
the top of an eminence, saw with
pleasure, the beautiful level of Ken-
tucky." It was then and there that
Pindlay, who had some scriptural
knowledge, and, therewith, a devo-
tional spirit, exclaimed in rapture as
he gazed upon the scene: "This wilder-

ness bloasoins as the rose, and these
desolate places are as the garden of
God." "Aye," replied tne prosaic and
practical Boone, "and who would re-
main on the sterile pine hills of North
Carolina, to hear the si- reaming of the
jay, and now and then bring down a
deer too lean to be eaten? This is the
land of hunters, where man and beast
will grow to their full size." But,
still the heart of the hunter was full
of sensibility, for he discourses in his
narrative of the exceeding beauty of
the newly-found land. It was in his
eyes a "second Paradise." Spell-bound,
he looked upon the bluegrass region
of Kentucky, and his name was immor-
tal. And ia camp, and cabin, and hall,
as long as the heart of Kentucky shall
beat true to her better nature, sthe will
honor the name and cherish the fame
of Daniel Boone. He was a child of
nature, and delighted in the tamd he
settled, the land that we have inherit-
ed. In his own language, "I was happy
in the midst of dangers and inconven-
iences. ... No populous city,
with all the varieties of commerce and
stately structures, could afford so
much pleasure to my mind as the beau-
ties of nature I found here." Nature
was his book, and he mastered the
study. Hie was the first amd the last
of the great pioneer settlers of the val-
ley of the Ohio. He lived to see the
land for which he had fought and bled
arise in dignity and power, and assume
her proud position as a sovereign State
in our grarad Confederacy, and God
grant that Kentucky may ever be a
mighty temple, sacred to liberty, pro-
tected by law.

I shall not attempt to recount the
blioody strifes of our pioneer history,
nor can I dwell on the long list of his-
toric names that adorn that illustrious
period; hut permit me to say that his-
tory, and consequently fame, has not
yet done justice to the first great pio-

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ILRGISTBR OF KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL. SOCIETY.

neer of Kentucky, the true "Columbus
of the Woods." Our State owes John
Findlay, as the pilot of Daniel Boone,
a debt of gratitude, and 1 let us see,
gentlemen and ladies of the Histori-
cal Society, that a monument, a little
west of Boone's, arise and record' hie
memory. In bold 1 relief and on the
solid rock, I should picture Findlay
looking upon Boone, and pointing with
steady hand to the West, and upon the
face and form of Boone I would im-
press a dauntless and deathless pur-
]Kme — the spirit and power of invinci-
ble and unavoidable destiny. This
would tell the great story of Findlay's
life, for all that we know of him is that
he came to Kentucky in 1767 ; that he
piloted Boone to Kentucky in 1769;
that in the battle fought with the
Cherokee Indians near the Great
Island in Holston River, East Tennes-
see, on July 20, 1776, he received a
severe wound, disabling him to such
extent that the court of Washington
county, Virginia, recommended his
case to the General Assembly of Vir-
ginia. Here the curtain covers the fate
of the pilot of Boone. Silence -and
death close the scene.

Om this memorable day, June 7, 1769,
one 'hundred and twe've years ago,
under the guidance of Findlay, the
bold and hardy hunters stood upon a
lofty cliff ohm Bed River, and looked
upon "the beautiful level of Kentucky."
In imagination we behold them now,
a picturesque and prophetic group, for
the pioneers are the prophets of ad-
vancing civilization. Their view was
prospective, ours retrospective. It is
the province of the Kentucky Histor-
ical Society to study the intervening
years, to recover, and reclaim, and re-
cord, in reliable form, the fugitive
facts of our womjderful history, and
transmit them to the rising and the
coming generations.

Important private records of our

early times lie slumbering in our at-
tics and our garrets. Mamy facts that
could throw light on obscure points in
our early history have never been pub-
lished. It is the delegated duty of
this Society, in the service of the
State, to supply, as far as may be prac-
ticable, the missing links w the chain
of our earlier and of our later history.
We must ever bear in mind that this
is our peculiar province, and that in
the exercise of it, we shall assuredly
receive encouragement from the peo-
ple and the General Assembly of the
Commonwealth.

We need an Old Mortality, who, as
a genius of history, snail go forth and
visit the resting places of our mighty
dead, clearing the moss from the old
tombstones and bringing to life and
light the fast vanishing records on the
memories of our venerable men and
women, the only living linkB between
the present generation and the past
generation of our Commonwealth. Our
dead call upon us! We look beneath our
feet, and the comely covering of our
floor exclaims, wherever we oast our
eyes, "Forget-me-not!" (The design on
the carpet.) We look above, and
through the dark blue of the ethereal
depths, we seem to 'hear their voices
calling upon us, "Cherisn our memor-
ies!" Amd shall not this Society be
responsive to the past? With what
emotion we look upon the honored
relics that grace our walls. How elo-
quently they speak in their firm and
gentle handicraft of the faithful ser-
vice of loving pioneer mothers, lineal
descendants of whom are before us
now. As I look upon the spinning
wheel, I am reminded of the heroic re-
solve of the noble worn era of that early
day, as happily expressed in the lan-
guage of one of the executive com-
mittee of the ladies' branch of this So-
ciety: "We will prepare the warp
and woof of the history of those wo-

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men, who, at their wheels, spun out
wool, and flax, and destroy for us and

ours."

Wihat do these great material and
moral advantages teach us, but that a
great responsibility rests upon us;
that it is our bounden duty to carry
out fairhfuly and efficiently the indica-
tions of Providence. Geographically
and poHtically, the position of Ken-
tucky is central, conservative, com-
manding. Thus far she has establish-
ed character and credit in every de-
partment that expresses progress in
the higher civilization of the age. The
fame of her soldiers and statesmen,
her scholars, her men of science, and
her teachers, her authors and artists,
her editors and publishers, her mer-
chants and manufacturer, her me
cbanicsand engineers, her farmers and
her financiers, her river, railroad), and
stock men, her lawyers, her judges, her
physicians and surgeons, (her theolog-
ians and divines, has given her a name
and established her reputation amomig
civilized nations. Truthfully, there-
fore historically, lit may be said
of our noble old Commonwealth:

"Nttllum quod tetigit iwn omavit."

What, then, is the great lesson that
we should learn from our illustrious
history? .With her soil and her cli-
mate, her genius and her wealth, her
learning amd her patriotism, her social,
civil and military reputation, her geo-
graphical!, commercial and political po-
sition, with the prestige of her name
and her fame, we can mot expect less
of Kentucky than' that sne should, in
the grand galaxy of our confederated
States, assume the pre-eminent posi-
tion of primus inter pares. Recogniz-
ing, then, the great capacity of Ken-
tucky in her physical, mental and mor-
al power, we should employ every just
and honorabe means in order to de-
velop the gracious heritage for the

honor of our State, the benefit of our
race, and the glory of our Ood.

And now, sir, in conic tosion, and in
the name of the executive committee,
and very tenderly and confidently im
the name of the ladies' branch of this
Society, I present to you, as Governor
of this Oommanjwealth, and exofficrio,
president of the Kentucky Historical
Society, the keys of this hall.

The president then arose, and, re-
ceiving the keys, said:

Bellow-members of the Kentucky His-
torical Society, and Ladies and Geziv
tlemen:

I accept the distinguished compli-
ment of these keys at the hands of the
chairman of the executive committee,
with no ordinary pleasure. My heart
is so fully enlisted in this noble work
— my native pride as a Kentuokian so
aroused by this grand purpose to res-
cue from dust and oblivion the dis-
tinctive features of the State's early
history, that I have no words to ex-
press the gratification which it gives
me to find our enterprise so effective-
ly begum ami' the progress thus far so
admirably made.

I assure you, ladies and gentlemen,
that I have an abiding faith' in our ul-
timate success. I know that we shall
soon emerge from this embryo condi-
tion, amd in a brief period 'become
something more than the little hand-
ful of zealous people that we are. In
this early period of our existence, we
ore like a plaint that just lifts its bead
above the grasses of a wide prairie;
but the sun is shining upon us, the
dews artd the rains come, and we are
gathering strength to rise above our
8urrounddngs. A little time, and we
will have attained a noble growth, and
with flower and fruit will stand so as
to be seen afar off.

All of us are interested' in building
up this Society. The memory of our

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fathers and of our fathers* fathers is
dear to us, and we have a right to be
proud that, through their courage,
their intelligence and their endurance,
we have attained the heritage of these
wooded hills and grassy pastures.

I know that I shall soon see the day
whemi the Legislature of Kentucky will
begin more fully to realise the vahie
of this Society, and take a more ac-
tive interest in its progress. We will
not always be confined to these rooms
and limited appropriation which has
been made to fit them for occupancy.
Icq time we will ibave a noble structure.
The Legislature will aid us, and 1 dona-
tions will flow in from generous in-

dividuals who, like ourselves, have an
interest and a pride in the preserva-
tion of Kewtucky history.

And now, sir, having thus briefly ex-
pressed myself, permit me to band
you back the keys of these apart
ments. I am satisfied they could not
be confided to more Trustworthy
hands. Take them, and with your as
sociates guard well the treasures — for
they are treasures greater than gold
or diamonds — which are now, and will
continue to be, deposited In these sa-
cred apartments.

After the benediction by Dr. Pickett,
the meeting adjourned.

by Google

Kentucky

State
Historical
Society

FRANKFORT. KENTUCKY

SEPTEMBER
VOL. I. NO. III.

/1c? 3

Subscription per year,
91.00

Single Copies, 25c

Kentucky State Historical

Society.

FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY.

SUBSCRIPTION, PER YEAR, $1.00.
SINGLE COPIES, 25c.

LOUISVILLK:
GEO. Q. FBTTER PRINTING OO.

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• • • •

• ■ • • ill

OFFICERS

OF THE

Kentucky State Historical Society.

GOVERNOR J. C. W. BECKHAM President

GENERAL FAYETTE HEWITT First Vice-President

W. W. L0NGM0OR Second Vice-President

MISS SALLIE JACKSON Third Vice-President

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON . . . . Secretary and Treasurer

OFFICERS AT THE HEAD OF THE STATE
GOVERNMENT OF KENTUCKY.

HON. J. C. W. BECKHAM, Governor.
HON. LILLARD CARTER, Lieutenant Governor.
HON. GUS. G. COULTER, Auditor.
HON. C. B. HILL, Secretary of State.
HON. S. W. HAGER, Treasurer.

OFFICIAL STATE BOARD.

HON. J. C. W. BECKHAM, Governor.
HON. C. B. HILL, Secretary of State.
HON. GUS. O. COULTER, Auditor.
HON. S. W. HAGER, Treasurer.
HON. CLIFTON J. PRATT, Attorney-General

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

GENERAL FAYETTE HEWITT, Chairman.

JUDGE J. P. HOBSON.

MISS SALLIE JACKSON, Vice-President,

MRS. ANNIE H. MILES,

MRS. MARY D. ALDRIDGE,

WALTER CHAPMAN, Alt. Chm.,

DR. E. H. HUME,

HON. GUS. G. COULTER.
MRS. LOULA B. LONGMOOR,
MRS. MOLLIS J. DUDLEY,
MISS ELIZA OVERTON,
HON. CLIFTON J. PRATT,
W. W. LONGMOOR, 2d. Alt Chm.

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BOARD OF CURATORS.

FRANK KAVANAUGH Frankfort, Ky.

MISS HALLIB HERNDON Frankfort, Ky.

DR. W. H. AVBRILL Frankfort, Ky.

MISS ELIZA OVERTON Frankfort, Ky.

MRS. ALEX. DUVALL Bowling Green, Ky.

MRS. SUSAN HART SHELBY Lexington, Ky.

JUDGE H. C. HOWARD Paris. Ky.

DR. H. C. SMITH Cynthiana, Ky.

MR. ED. O. LEIGH Paducah, Ky.

HON. GASTON M. ALVES Henderson, Ky.

MISS CHRISTINE BRADLEY Lancaster, Ky.

MISS ADDIB COULTER Mayfleld, Ky.

M. B. SWINFORD Cynthiana, Ky.

UREY WOODSON Owensboro. Ky.

M. W. NEAL, Editor Farmer's Home Journal Louisville, Ky.

HUNTER WOOD, Editor New Era Hopklnsville. Ky.

W. A HOLLAND, Editor Constitutionalist Eminence, Ky.

GEORGE WBLLIS, Editor The Shelby Record Shelbyville, Ky.

The duty of Curators is to collect historical
relics and memorials of the men and women of
Kentucky, who have made the State famous, and
send them to the Kentucky State Historical Society.

ADVISORY BOARD.

GOVERNOR J. C. W. BECKHAM Frankfort

HON. GUS. COULTER Mayfleld

HON. S. W. HAGER Ashland

ATTORNEY-GENERAL C. J. PRATT Madisonville

SENATOR JAMES B. McCREARY Richmond. Ky.

HON. LOGAN C. MURRAY Louisville

HON. HENRY WATTERSON Louisville

COL. R. T. DURRETT Louisville

MRS. THOS. RODMAN, JR Mt Sterling

MISS MARY BRYAN Lexington

MISS LILLIA TOWLES Henderson

MISS ORA LEIGH Paducah

ENTERTAINMENTS.

MRS. J. P. HOBSON, MRS. LOULA B. LONGMOOR,

MISS SALLIE JACKSON. MRS. ANNIE H. MILES,

MRS. MOLLIS JOUETT DUDLEY, MISS ELIZA OVERTON,

MISS ANNIE HERNDON, MRS. SOUTH TRIMBLE.

General meeting of the Kentucky State Historical Society, June 7th, annual date of
Daniel Boone's first view of the "beautiful level of Kentucky."
After the close of the program, refreshments served.

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CONTENTS

THE REGISTER, SEPTEMBER, 1903.

1. Governor Chas. S. Scott, his history and portrait, and his message in 1809, to the

General Assembly. By Miss Patty Barn ley, with supplemental pages by the
editor of the Register

2. Sketch of Governor George Mac] i son and of Governor Gabriel Slaughter. By Mrs.

Jennie C. Morton, with portrait of Governor Slaughter

3. The Blockade of Southern Cuba. By Commander Chapman Coleman Todd

4. Lost Island — A tradition of a floating Island. Poem. By Mrs. Jennie C. Morton..

5. Theodore O'Hara, biographical sketch of bis life, with portrait from G. W.

Ranck's book. His poems, also his famous address. By Jennie C. Morton

6. Department of History and Genealogy

7. J. A. Johnson and Arnold

8. H. S. Hawkins and Strother

/9. The Lee family, with pictures of "Glen Willis," the pioneer home of Willis At-
well Lee, nephew of Hancock Lee. Founded In 1793 .— "Leewood" the home of
General Henry Lee, of Mason County, Ky., with sketch of his life, by his grand-
daughter, Miss Lucy C. Lee

10. Paragraphs; Business Women's Club; Newspapers, etc

11. A Kentucky Mountain Century Plant, Mrs. Phoebe Banks

12. The meeting of the Kentucky State Historical Society, with reports of books,

magazines, newspapers, donations, etc. By the Secretary

13. A few letters and extracts from opinions of the press. The Battle of the Thames

14. Inquiries answered

15. Clippings of Historical Interest

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Subscriptions mast be sent by check or money order.
Alt communications for the Register should be addressed to

MRS. JEW IE C. MORTO/t.

Secretarp and Treasurer, Kentucky State Historical
Society, Frankfort, Kentucky.

MRS. JENNIE C. MORTON, Editor.
GEN. FAYETTE HEWITT. }

Associate Editors.

CAPT. C. C. CALHOUN. )

TO SUBSCRIBERS: If this copy of the Register is received.

please respond.

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BI O GRAPHICAL SKETCH

V of 0

GENERAL, AFTERWARD
GOVERNOR.

Charles S. Scott,

By hi* Great - Granddaughter,
MISS PATTIE BURNLEY.

With Supplemental Extract* from History,
by the Editor of the Register.

GOVERNOR CHAS. S. SCOTT.

U02-18I2. Fll ANKPOKT, Kv

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Governor Charles S. Scott.

Bjf Miss Patti* A, Harnley.

Not having the family tree of the
Scott family (now in possession of Mr.
Anthony Dey, of New York), I can not
trace the genealogy of Gen. Charles
Scott, my mother's grandfather, bnt
understand that it comes directly from
the Dukes of Buccleugh. Our first
record of Gov. Scott is as a boy of fif-
teen serving as a volunteer at the bat-
tle of Braddock's defeat. When the
Revolutionary War broke out he raised
the first company in Virginia and con-
tinued in the war until its close, rising
to the rank of major-general. He came
to Kentucky in the latter part of the
last century and settled in Woodford
county on the Kentucky river. The
country was still so wild at that time
that one of his sons was killed by In-
dians in sight of his house.

In 1808 he was elected governor of
Kentucky. His campaign speeches
were peculiar in one respect, as they
are said to have been principally ex-
hortations to the public to vote for his
opponent, Mr. John Allen, as he
thought he would make a better gov-
ernor. It ought to be mentioned
that while he was governor he was
challenged to fight a duel and refused.
His adversary threatened to post him
as a coward, but he calmly told him to

post and be d d, that he would only

post himself a liar. In the first year
of his term he had a fall down the

steps of the governor's house and
broke his hip, making him a cripple
for life and Col. Orlando Brown re-
membered as a boy hearing him ad-
dress some troops going to the front
in the War of 1812, and seeing him
turn and strike the steps savagely
with his cane, saying, "but for you, I
would be going with them." He
seems to have been born a soldier and
known but little of the arts of peace.

General Scott's first wife was Fran-
ces Sweeney, whose mother or grand-
mother was Miss Howard, daughter of
Frances Howard, of Gloucester county,
Virginia. We have now some quaint
old silver spoons, which belonged to
that lady. Mrs. Scott was a famous
housekeeper and her admirers said
that she could get up a good dinner
with buckeye chips. Their sons died
early. One of them was in the Navy
and at the bombardment of Tripoli.
Their daughters have numerous de-
scendants now living. Governor Scott
married the second time, Mrs. Gist of
Lexington, and died at Canewood, a
place in Fayette county belonging to
his wife. By his * second wife, Gov-
ernor Scott had no children. The
names of the children of the first wife
are as follows: First, Martha Tabb
Scott, who married .Judge George M.
Bibb; second, Sarah, who married Jno.
Postlewhaite; third, Ann, died un-

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married; fourth, John Scott; fifth,
Charles Scott, who was killed in sight
of home in Woodford county, Ken-
tucky, by the Indians in the latter part
of 1790; sixth, Merrit Sweeney Scott,
an officer in the United States Navy,
who was with Commander Decatur at
the bombardment of Tripoli.

After the death of his second wife,
he married Mrs. Dyer, a daughter of
Colonel Henry Ashton, Marshal of the
District of Columbia. By this mar-
riage he had three daughters and a son.
Only one daughter now survives, Mrs.
Brum, of Baltimore. One daughter
became a nun at the Convent of the
Visitation, Georgetown, D. C, and is
now buried in their cemetery.

The General Assembly of Kentucky
at the session of 1853-4 adopted reso-
lutions directing the governor, Laza-
rus W. Powell, to have the remains of
General Charles Scott, and other dis-
tinguished soldiers and' statesmen, re-
interred in the State lot belonging to
Kentucky in the Frankfort cemetery.
Accordingly on the 8th of November,
1864, with the distinguished honors
provided by Kentucky for him, and the
two other great men who had served
her cause in the council and in the
field and whose lives had contributed
to her glory, were paid with pomp of
war and impressive grandeur and
General Charles Scott was laid to
sleep in this mausoleum of the great,
the Frankfort cemetery.

We take the following from Colonel
Thomas L. Crittenden's oration on
that occasion, which confirms the
statements in regard to the soldierly
qualities of Governor Scott:

"In 1755, side by side with Washing-
ton, he fought in that disastrous bat-
tle which resulted in the defeat and
death of General Braddock. He raised
the first company of volunteers south
of James river that ever entered into
actual service. He so distinguished
himself that a county in Virginia was
called for him as early as 1777. Soon
after this — to put the very stamp and
seal of genuine patriotism and all sol-
dierly qualities upon him — Washing-
ton himself appointed him to com-
mand of a regiment in the continental
line. Again and very soon we find
him a brigadier-general at the battle
of Monmouth and Charleston."

Doubtless, it would be interesting to
follow him step by step, through all his
perilous life, the bold, blunt, strong-
minded natural man, but I have not
been able to find a biography of Gov-
ernor Scott nor any detailed account
of his life.

Miss Burnley supplies this want
partly in the foregoing pages, but here
we will write, he was born in Cumber-
land county, Virginia, in 1740. His
parents were of fine families on both
sides. (Virginia Magazine.) He was
reared among the scenes and sounds
that led up to the Revolution. A sol-
dier at fifteen, an officer at eighteen
and then a brigadier-general com-
manding at Charleston. This promo-
tion, evidenced the blood he came of,
and was the result of unusual merit
and good conduct.

Ten years after the beginning of the
War of 1776, we find him in Woodford
county, Kentucky, in 1786. The In-
dians had not surrendered, though the
British army had, and the people of
the then territory of Southwestern

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Virginia (Kentucky) were exposed day-
time and nighttime, to the tomahawk
and bloody scalping knife of the sav-
ages.

General Scott could not be quiet
while there was a foe to his country
to fight. He joined General St. Clair
in 1791, and was at the awful defeat of
this distinguished officer and helped to
save a remnant of the men from the
terrible slaughter there. He was
with General Wilkinson on the Wa-
bash capturing its towns and Indians
and warriors.

In 1794, he commanded a part of
Wayne's Army at "Fallen Timber,"
where the Indians were defeated,
many of them killed and the remainder
"driven under the walls of the British
Fort." After this splendid victory he
returned to Kentucky. Crittenden
says:

"The first elements of an education
were all that he acquired at school.
But to a man of his stamp and mind,
every incident in life is a lesson, every
opportunity a teacher and every day
brings some wisdom. In 1808, when
most of his life was spent, after ardu-
ous services and long years had wasted
the vigor and strength of his manly
form, while his patriotism and his vir-
tues had been hardened by exposure,
with his intellect still unimpaired, he
stood before the highest earthly tri-
bunal of the State. .And then the
people of Kentucky pronounced him
their chief executive. No stain was
on his name. The old soldier with
modesty unfeigned and real as his
merit, thought the office of governor
too high a place for his ability and too
great a reward for his services."

His competitor for the office was the
accomplished and popular lawyer and
orator, John Allen, who later on lost
his life at River Raisin, And General
Scott felt the sincere admiration and
respect for his ability that the public
had manifested, and he urged his peo-
ple to vote for him — as the man best
qualified to fill the distinguished posi-
tion of governor of Kentucky. Yet he
said, "that if they were foolish enough
to elect him he would do his best for
them." He was elected and was one
of the best governors the State ever

In 1812, he commissioned General
Harrison as major-general, so to give
him the command of the Kentucky
troops.

He was not a speaker or a writer
and yet no speaker has left on record
more pungent aphorisms than he, and
his few messages teem with well se-
lected sentences of great common
sense, eloquent patriotism and noble
courage. For instance, he says in
1809, in his message, "Our arms pur-
chased our liberties and by our arms
must they be defended. It is the or-
der of nature and of fate." In 1810, he
says, "As we have but little to hope,
from the justice of either of the belli-
gerent powers, Great Britain or
France, we should most earnestly pre-
pare ourselves to have as little to fear
from their anger." Again, "prepared
to do that justice which we ask, we
should be prepared to enforce those
rights which we claim." This is a
good rule of life.

In conclusion, we quote from Colonel
Crittenden again: "What joy to see
his loved country in her pride and

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power remembering with grateful
heart his services (in the Revolution,
he a chief among the wondrous men,
that purchased all our blessings by the
hardships they endured and by the
bravery with which they encountered
every danger). He was a man to be
remembered, and honored as she does
here, his memory, and engraving with
her mighty hand his name and fame
upon a page of her own history, declar-
ing to all the world, this was my brave
true-hearted son; let all my children
cherish his memory; let their deeds be
like his. And this in truth Kentucky
says to-day. I have heard' somewhere
of an English captain who when his
decks were all cleared for action, just
as he went into battle said to his men:
'Now, then, for victory or a tomb in
Westminster Abbey?' Kentucky can
make this hill the very resting place of
honor and her free sons will make the
battle-cry of life, 'victory or a tomb at
the Capital.'

"Since the world began, no people
have ever risen to power or splendor
who have not cherished and striven to
perpetuate the memory of their great.
Let Kentucky make this cemetery her
temple of honor though she worships
only God, and let her see that none
approach its pure shrine but by the
way of virtue, and she will never want
for heroes in the day of battle nor
statesmen in the council chamber.
And then our free institutions which
the old soldier now about to be inter-
red, endured so much to establish and
maintain, shall extend their blessings
to a thousand generations. Our pos-
terity shall gather here as we have
done to-day, hundreds of years hence,

to pay the last tribute to some mighty
one, when every turf beneath their feet
shall be a great man's sepulchre."

General Scott died in 1820 at his
home in Woodford county, age eighty.
His remains interred in the Frank-
fort cemetery, November 8, 1854. (Ed.
the Register.)

GOVERNOR CHARLES SCOTT'S
MESSAGE TO THE LEGISLA-
TURE OF KENTUCKY IN 1809.

(From the original MSS.)

Gentlemen of the Senate and House of
Representatives :

Amongst the various duties as-
signed by the Constitution to the ex-
ecutive of the State, none seems to
claim more importance than that
which associates him in your legisla-
tive counsels, and it is ever with a pro-
portionate degree of difference, I pro-
ceed to the task.

Whilst his part in the immediate
acts of legislation is wisely very lim-
ited, there appears to devolve on him
a more extensive charge on the pres-
ent occasion; for he is required to lay
before you the state of the Common-
wealth, together with those subjects
which seem more immediately to call
for your attention.

It can not however but be expected,
that in a communication of this kind,
from a number of causes, many sub-
jects deserving your notice will be
omitted, and it rests with you, gentle-
men, not only to supply those which
may be omitted, but to decide upon
those presented for your deliberation.

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Gentlemen of the Senate and House of
Representatives:

It was once since the last session of
our General Assembly, fondly to be
hoped that we should have been able
at this period to hare felicitated our
country and each other upon the ami-
cable adjustment of our differences
with Great Britain. The solemn as-
surances of her minister resident, to
the executive of the United States,
which appeared to fix the basis of a
friendly arrangement, by which the
president was induced to suspend the
operation of our nonintercourse that
suffer the British ports to be filled
with our productions, and permit our
property to an immense amount to be
set afloat on the ocean, have eventu-
ated in a disavowal in the part of that
Government and have afforded another
striking instance that we can not look
for safety in British faith. We seem to
have also but a small prospect of the
restoration of a friendly commercial
intercourse with Prance. The obnox-
ious decrees of both those powers
seem to have reduced our commerce to
little more than a name; and there is
from our seaboard, scarcely a port, or
high sea, in the world, where we are
not liable to be captured or despoiled
by the one or the other; unless we sub-
mit to terms unworthy an independ
ent nation.

We seem, finally, to be reduced to
the necessity of retreating within our-
selves, from the injuries, and depreda
tions of a warring world, untTI tne
interest of the belligerents shall teach
them to respect our maritime rights;
or to commit ourselves on an element,

where we are incapable of any effect-
ual resistance — to be humiliated and
controlled at their pleasure. One
other alternative, only, presents itself;
and, fortunately, though it has its ad-
vocates, they are not numerous, that
is, to plunge ourselves into the vortex
of those bloody conflicts, which shake
Europe to her center, and cling to the
skirts of one or the other, of those two
great powers, which for years have
kept her in arms. When we do this,
we bid a solemn adieu to Republican
institution. We have on the other
hand, to give up, only, the luxuries of
other nations, for the sweets of inde-
pendence and self-government. The
people who could not do it, with the
country and resources we possess, are
unworthy the divine birth-right of
freedom.

Our brethren of the Eastern and At-
lantic States, who are exposed to feel
more severely the privation of com-
merce, appear to have become con-
vinced of the maxim, that one step of
limitation prepares the way for an-
other; and that it is better to submit,
to what may prove only a temporary
inconvenience, than to lasting dis-
graceful impositions. For I rejoice to
inform yon, that amid all the difficul-
ties which surround the administra-
tion of the general Government, its
friends in several States have lately
increased the former great majority.
And surely, it can not but be distress
ing to every friend of his country, to
see an American citizen, become the
apologist of any nation who violates
our plainest rights. The state of ag-
riculture and home manufactures ap-
pears to be fast progressing in im-

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provement throughout the Union, and
it is pleasing to find that our State
bids fair to hold no inconsiderable
rank in the scale. In several States,
legislative patronage in the establish-
ment of agricultural and manufactur-
ing societies has been afforded, and it
were much to be desired, that institu-
tions of a similar nature could take
their rise here. These may be said to
generate and cherish the life's blood of
a free nation. Nature in her profuse
munificence has given to us the mater-
ials of our comfore and independence
within ourselves; and invites us to use
them. It is a consoling observation,
that for the same time, perhaps, no
country upon earth has exhibited, and
still continues to do so, sueh an aston.
ishing progress in improvements of al-
most every description as this State.
They are sure indications of our pros
perity, and if the idle or extravagant
complain of their lot, the most abund-
ant evidence, nevertheless, exists, to
show we ought to be happy.

Hut, gentlemen, the unwary most
frequently lose their treasure. It is
scarcely in the nature of man to see
the prosperity of his neighbour without
some degree of envy — some attempt to
share, and frequently, what is worse,
to wrest from him his enjoyments.

Appeals to justice and humanity are
still more impotent with nations than
individuals.

A fatal spirit of indolence, in one re-
spect, has seised upon us; and while
basking in the sunshine we think not of
the tempest. Our arms purchased our
liberties, and by our arms must they
be defended. It is the order of Nature
and of Fate. It would, therefore, be

well for ub, as we value our rights and
our existence, occasionally to review
their strength. We have people, but
they are naked and untrained. We
have yet to learn to make our citizens,
soldiers, by giving them weapons and
discipline, and haviug a sufficient por-
tion of their strength actually dis-
posable in a moment of emergency.

It is much to be regretted, that our
general Government, which has it
more completely in its power, does not
act more efficiently upon this primary
national object. It has the means to
command arms and power to establish
discipline, the want of both of which I
greatly fear will not soon be remedied
on the present plan.

To a great extent they appear at
present to be the business of the
States. It appears to me that there
are several radical errors in the mili-
tary establishment of our State. The
adjutant-general should reside at the
seat of Government; some more effect-
ual means should be provided to com-
pel the proper returns and to punish
those officers who fail in mustering
and disciplining their men, as well as
to ensure the stated reviews. But
above all, in times like the present, es-
pecially, a competent number of mi-
litia should be kept detached, organ-
ized, armed and equipped, ready for
service on any emergency. For it is a
melancholy proof of our weakness, six
months after the general Government
made a demand for our quota of the
late corps of militia, directed to be
held in readiness at a moment's warn-
ing, to find one-half of the returns not
made, and of the number returned, not
one-fifth armed or prepared for service.

From the situation of our affairs it
seems highly probable, that a requisi-
tion of the militia will shortly again
be made, and the State ought to have
at least 10,000 stand of arms to supply
deficiencies. These should be procured
as early as possible.

Gentlemen of the Senate and House of
Representatives:

Our civil establishment seems also
to demand your attention. In a Gov-
ernment like ours the public weal
alone, and not the interest of individu-
als should be consulted in the creation
of offices and annexing to them sala-
ries. The latter should bear a just pro-
portion to the importance of the ser-
vices they are intended to recompense,
and be adequate, in reason, to insure
their performance in the most benefl
cial manner to the public. It is in
vain to expect important public offices
will continue to be filled by able and
upright men, if they are insufficiently
paid.

It is a truth which all experience
tends to demonstrate and of which the
people will be convinced, that if they
require to be served by able hands
they must hold out a sufficient induce-
ment. For in political, as well as jn
common life, master workmen are not
to be employed for journeymen's
wages. And although men, who may
deserve a better reward, may fill them
for awhile, they will finally turn from
them with disgust. This truth has
been strongly evidenced by the
many vacancies, which have lately
happened, through resignation, in our
Court of Appeals; one of the highest

offices in our Government; of immedi-
ate consequence to the properties and
rights of our whole body of citizens,
and to fill which, ought to be an ob-
ject, with men of the first talents, and
standing; and yet such has been the
difficulty of procuring a fit person to
accept of the office of a judge in that
court, that I have, from a sense of
duty been induced to leave it vacant,
until the meeting of the Legislature,
that they might have it more com-
pletely in their power to remedy this
evil.

Gentlemen of the House of Represen-
tatives:

The state of our revenue has long re-
quired attention. The burthens of the
people in the imposing of taxes is pecu-
liarly confided to you. They should
ever be as light as the exigencies of
Government will permit; and too much
regard can not be had to a faithful and
judicious appropriation. But the exer-
cise of this trust, like every other, has
its extremes. No reasonable man in
our country would refuse his mite, if
he were convinced of obtaining an
equivalent good. A firm and faithful
adherence to this end, on the part of
his representative will finally produce
that conviction. For the people when
properly informed are never wrong;
though for the moment, they may, by
the designing or ambitious, be preju-
diced, or misled. That man, who In
the discharge of his duty as a public
servant, is faithful in what he views,
as the solid interests of his constitu-
ents; if he has the virtue of patience,
may assure himself of their ultimate

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►

approbation, and what is of infinite
consequence, of the continued appro-
bation of his own conscience. Against
these, the momentary chidings of re-
sponsibility weigh but as a feather.

With a proper management of our
resources, we are certainly able to sup-
port, with credit and advantage to our
State, the expenses of its Government,
without distressing its citizens. A
just and sound policy has ever dic-
tated that the burthen of taxation
should be made to bear as lightly as
possible on the shoulders of the poor,
by exempting articles of the first ne-
cessity. The State has borrowed of
the bank, since the 26th of January
last, 119,796.50, and although this sum
during the last month has been repaid
it will, for the time of the loan, make a
difference of upwards of 12 per cent,
per annum at the lowest, against the
State; because it is paying instead of
receiving interest on the amount.

The State funds, intended for capi-
tal in the bank, if regularly vested, and
left undiminished, will, no doubt, in
the progress of a few years, furnish
the means of effecting many valuable
public objects, and it should require an
extreme case to justify a resort to
them for the ordinary expenses of Gov-
ernment.

Gentlemen of the Senate and House of
Representatives :

By a late communication from the
Secretary of the United States, a com-
mission is required to be appointed on
the part of this State, by its executive,
to act in conjunction with one appoint-
ed by the president, in holding a treaty
with the Chickasaw Indian nation, for

the purpose of extinguishing their
claim, to certain lands, in the South-
western part of the State. I felt un-
authorized to make such appointment,
without an act of the Legislature to
that effect. As I have reason to be-
lieve, the commissioner on the part of
the United States is waiting in readi-
ness to proceed to the treaty which is
extremely to be desired by this State,
I trust you will, as early as convenient
turn your deliberations to this sub-
ject.

I have to regret, gentlemen, my ina-
bility, from the unfortunate hurt I re-
ceived last winter, to be present
among you. Although deprived of this
pleasure, I shall nevertheless be pre-
pared, cordially, to co-operate with you
in any measure for promoting the wel-
fare of my fellow citizens. I am
aware, however candid the disclosure
I have made, or proper the measures,
I have recommended, may appear to
me, a difference of opinion may yet ex-
ist. The habits of my life have unfit-
ted me at all times, for disguise; but
it would* be an abandonment of a duty
I prefer to life itself to be guilty of
it here. My aim has been, and still is,
my country's happiness. I am liable
to err in the means. The prospect of
any earthly reward must soon close
upon me, and I confide in the hope,
that you, gentlemen, and my country-
men with you, will do justice to the mo-
tives by which they are dictated.

I have the honor to be, gentlemen,
with considerations of high respect,

Your Most Obedient Servant,

CHAS. SCOTT.

Dec. 5, 1809.

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BRIEF SKETCH

0 Of 0

Governor George Madison.

Elected August 16th; Died October 14th, 1816.

Genealogical Chart of the Madison Family, prepared for
the Register by a Great-Gran dson of Governor
Madison. FranR P. Blair, Chicago, 111.

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Governor George fliadison.

He was born in Virginia about 1763.
It seems, upon investigation of the
genealogy of a number of our great
men, that there is a diversity of dates
and birthplaces, hence we deem it beBt
to give the date, as far as we have
read, that is most generally received
as correct.

In the historical notices of these
men there is an omission so frequent
that it must be remarked— the dates
of their marriage and the names of
their wives. Events so important in
the life of a man, and especially any
man who has achieved a national rep-
utation for greatness, should certain-
ly be noted. And yet, the wife and
her name is the silent influence in
the life of her distinguished husband,
that is left in obscurity, often a blank,
in our histories.

Governor Madison's wife's name is
not given in the leading histories of
him, and" is nowhere found upon the
monument to his memory, erected by
the State in the Frankfort cemetery.
But, as will be seen below, we have
secured this important data from
Mr. Prank P. Blair for the Register.

The career of Governor Madison
was one of distinction, from a boy-
hood spent in the Revolutionary War
as a soldier until the close of his life
as Governor of Kentucky, October 14,
1816. Having passed through the
Revolutionary War, he came to Ken-

tucky and took part in its civil af-
fairs. He was appointed by Governor
Isaac Shelby Auditor of the State in
1796, which position he held for nearly
twenty years. He was in the Indian
wars and in the War of 1812-15. In
the awful Battle of River Raisin he
was wounded, and his health never
recovered from the shock and suffer-
ing from the wound. Notwithstand-
ing his delicate health, however, the
people of Kentucky overwhelmingly
elected him Governor, in grateful ac-
knowledgement of his devoted, self-
sacrificing services to the State and to
the country as a soldier and public
officer. Only a few months he lived
to enjoy his new honor. His death
was deeply mourned.

We find the following inscriptions
on his monument in the cemetery:

(Front) 'To the memory of George
Madison, Fifth Governor of Kentucky,
this monument is erected in compli-
ance with a resolution of the Legis-
lature of Kentucky, Jan. 16, 1874,
which directed his remains to be re-
moved from the old burial ground,
northeast of the Capitol, to this cem-
etery.

"He was a soldier of the Revolu-
tionary War and of the various con-
flicts with the Indian savages of the
frontiers; particularly distinguished
in the campaigns of Scott and Wil-
kinson, and in the battles fought by

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St. Glair and Adair, in both of which
he was wounded."

(Second side) "Madison — His mili-
tary career was gloriously closed at
the River Raisin, where his heroic res-
olution saved the troops under his
command from the general massacre,
although resulting in captivity for
himself in the British prisons of Que-
bec.

"Alike distinguished in civil employ
ment, he served the State with probi-
ty and intelligence for nearly twenty
years as Auditor of Public Accounts,
and was finally elected, Aug. 16,
1816, by the unanimous voice of the
people of Kentucky to the highest of-
fice within their gift. While in the
public service, in the 53d year of his
age, on the 14th of October, 1816, his
private and public virtues, civil and
military life, was crowned by a death
hallowed by religion, receiving its con-
solations for the good and the brave."

In response to a letter to Mr. Frank
P. Blair, a great grandson of Governor
George Madison, requesting the gene-
alogy of Governor Madison, the date
of his marriage, the name of his wife,
and the names of his children, I had
the most courteous and kind reply and
the inclosure of the following valua-
ble chart of the Madison family, and
the data, which has been in great re
quest for so many years among the
writers of historical families and dis-
tinguished statesmen of Kentucky.

Some years age, Mr. Blair sent us
a photograph from a portrait of Gov.
Madison, for the Kentucky Historical
Society, which now hangs among the
portraits of Kentucky Governors in
the Historical rooms. We deeply re-
gret his paper came too late for Gov-
ernor Madison's picture to be included
in this issue of the Register. How-
ever it will be given later, among
"Revolutionary Heroes."

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SKETCH OF

Governor Gabriel Slaughter,

WITH

Photograph from his Portrait.

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Governor Gabriel Slaughter.

He was the son of Austin Slaughter
and Susan Fisher (his first wife), born
in Culpeper county, Virginia, 1761.
His mother, Susan Fisher, was of
Caroline county, Virginia, and one of
the American heirs to the great Ger-
man fortune of many millions, known
still as the Fisher estate. She was a
woman of unusual intelligence and fine
character. The Slaughters of Virginia
are of an old and honorable family,
and the progenitor of the family came
to Virginia early in the seventeenth
century. Gabriel Slaughter illustrat
ed his good birth and blood by his
life of illustrious services to his coun
try, his church, his adopted State, and
to the community in which he lived.
He came to Kentucky when it was a
territory of Virginia, and settled near
Harrodsburg, afterwards in Mercer
county. He returned to Virginia when
of age, we learn, and married hie
cousin and his mother's namesake,
Susan Slaughter.

He brought his bride to Kentucky
and built his residence near Harrods
burg, so long known as "Traveler's
Rest." It is said it was a veritable
haven of rest for the travelers, kin-
dred and friends who came to Ken-
tucky in those perilous times of In-
dian surprises and savage butchery.

After the death of his first wife,
Governor Slaughter married Sally

Hord, a daughter of John Hord, who
was a staff oflScer in the Revolution
and lieutenant of the 4th Continental
Dragoons from January 20, 1777. (See
Heitman's Register of Continental Of-
ficers.) By this marriage he had three
children — John Hord, of Mason coun
ty, Ky.; Felix, and Annie (Mrs. Annie
Slaughter Worthington).

Governor Slaughter united with the
Baptist church at an early age, and
became one of its most prominent and
useful members, and often presided as
moderator of their large assemblies.
He was a stern adherent to his faith,
and the cause of right found ever in
him a staunch friend and supporter.

He was a senator in the Senate of
Kentucky from 1801 to 1808; Lieuten-
ant-Governor from 1808 to 1812, with
Governor Isaac Shelby as Governor,
second term. He distinguished him-
self as an officer in the War of 1812;
was colonel of a Kentucky regiment
in the battle of New Orleans, Janu-
ary 8, 1815. In Collins' History of
Kentucky we find this incident, which
illustrates his independence of char-
acter and his confidence in his own
judgment, whether or not in accord-
ance with military rules:

"On one occasion, while acting as
president of a court martial, whose
decision was not in accordance with
the views of General Jackson, the

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court were ordered to reverse their
proceedings, but Colonel Slaughter
declined to comply, saying he knew
his duty and had performed it. Gen-
eral Jackson entertained the highest
respect for his character as a soldier
and a patriot."

On his return from the war, he was
re-elected Lieutenant-Governor, with
George Madison for Governor, in
1816-20. In consequence of the death
of Governor Madison on the 14th of
October, 1816, following his election,
Lieutenant-Governor Slaughter be-
came Governor, and administered the
government of the State for four
years. There was much excitement
at the time over his inauguration. He
had appointed a man as Secretary of
State very obnoxious to many people,
because, as senator from Kentucky,
he had opposed the war with Eng-
land. The Secretary resigned, hoping
by this concession to quiet the tur-
bulent feeling, but in vain. Governor
ISIaughter then tendered the position
to Martin D. Hardin, who also de-
clined it, and the independent, wise
old man decided to administer the
government alone and without a sec-
retary, rather than submit to a vio-
lation of the law, or of his own rights.
He was a born leader, and despised
espionage and the criticisms and carp-
ings of men of inferior minds. In-
deed, his history shows that he would
not submit to their dictation masked
behind (as it was) shrewd politicians
and partisan shysters. Perhaps, at
the battle of New Orleans, had he re-
versed the decision of the court-mar-
tial at General Jackson's command,
the General could not have entertained

such high regard for his fine charac-
ter as a brave soldier and patriot.
Adorned by his faith as a Christian,
his character was as conspicuous as
his intelligence and his courage.

In 1820, when he retired from the
executive chair, he returned to his
home — "Traveler's Rest" — and gave
his attention thereafter to the affairs
of his county and the care of his large
and beautiful estate. The blessing of
God seems to rest upon his well-spent
life. In public as well as private life
we hear he was greatly beloved and
respected, and the utmost confidence
reposed in his high Christian integ
rity and his generous sense of the
claims of those less favored than him-
self, upon his care and his fortune.
The orphan nephew and niece found
in him a generous foster father, and
the unfortunate a pitying friend. His
death at his home in Mercer county,
September 19, 1830, was regarded as
a public bereavement.

The State erected a monument to
his memory in his own private ceme-
tery near his old home. It is now
nearly seventy-three years since it was
erected there, but as it is beyond the
oversight of the State, it has not had
the cleaning and care of the Govern
ors' monument in the State lot of the
cemetery at the capital, hence, as will
be seen from the clipping below, taken
from a home newspaper some years
ago, the monument is leaning and
otherwise in bad form, over the grave
of Governor Gabriel Slaughter. The
second clipping, "Death of Col. J. A.
Fisher, at Danville, Ky.," some years
ago, gives the connection between the
Slaughters and the Fishers. J. C. M.

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TOMB OF GOV. SLAUGHTER.

On the summit of a prominent hill,
four miles from town on the Lexing-
ton pike, to the left as you go towards
Pleasant Hill, is a landmark which
has endured for sixty-seven years. It
is the last resting place of Gov. Ga-
briel Slaughter, surrounded by a
dressed-stone wall thirty feet square
and four feet high. The enclosure
contains ten other graves besides this
and all within shows the inevitable
effects of time. It is the home of the
rabbit and the chipmunk, and the icon-
oclastic hand is evident in the shifted
and broken tablets erected in love to
mark the resting-place of mortality.
The monument, eight feet 'high, over
Gov. Slaughter is an odd-looking de-
sign in smoky marble, with base of
Kentucky limestone. It is four-sided,
three feet to the side, slopes slightly
towards the top, with four columns
at the corners. The entablature is
surmounted by a hexagon cope-stone,
rounded on top. The wearing of time
has leaned the monument several de-
grees, taken off the polish, and is
steadily disintegrating the stone. On
the slab to the south is this inscrip-
tion:

Gabriel Slaughter,

Former acting Governor of
Kentucky.

He departed this life Septem-
ber 19, 1830, aged 64 years.

The State erects this tomb to
tell the inquirer in after times
where repose the remains of a
soldier and patriot.

A monolith of native limestone
marks the grave of Augustus Slaugh-
ter and old-fashioned sarcophagi of
sandstone rest over the remains of
Susan Slaughter and Mary Buckner
Fisher.

THE OLDEST NATIVE.

Death of Col. Jas. A. Fisher at Dan
ville.

Danville, Ky., Feb. 23.— (Special.)—
Col. James A. Fisher, the oldest na-
tive-born citizen of Danville, died last
night at 10 o'clock after a long illness,
aged eighty-three years. He leaves
a widow to whom he had been married
more than sixty years, and the follow-
ing children: George D. Fisher and
James B. Fisher, of St. Louis, and Mrs.
J. S. Gashwiler, of Pratt City, Kan.
The late Mrs. N. H. Bell, of St. Louis,
was also a daughter. His mother was
the daughter of Gov. Slaughter.

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" The 'Blockade of Southern Cuba.

9b roqaost of a Historian, "Tho South*™ Woc%ado of Cuba " o)as Wrltton bp Commandor
Chapman Coltman Todd, a notiVo of Frankfort, Kontocts. Coplod for tho
Historioal Soclotp of Kontnekp, bp Horn Innos Todd, 1899.

The formal blockade of the entire
southern coast of the island of Cuba
was never declared, but in the first
proclamation issued by the president,
dated: April 22, 1898, which declared
those ports between Cardenas and
Bahia Honda (both inclusive) in a
state of blockade, only one port on
the south coast was mentioned — that
of Cienfuegos. The reason for select-
ing this one port must be attributed
to its military importance, due to its
spacious landlocked harbor with deep-
water approach capable of easy de-
fense, which would afford a refuge for
any Spanish fleet, and being in rail
communication with Havana added
much to its strategic importance.
There, too, centered the southern lines
of submarine cable communication
with important Spanish points along
the south coast of Cuba, as well as
the outside world.

Upon the arrival of the American
fleet off Havana, the force was so dis-
persed as to effectually blockade the
ports included in the president's proc-
lamation, the Marblehead, Nashville
and Eagle being sent to Cienfuegos,
and these being joined later by the
revenue cutter Merril.

The peculiar conditions of the war
between the Spanish Government and
the Cubans, as to military domination
over certain districts and the semi-
guerilla warfare adopted by the Cuban
forces, made difficult inter-communi*
cation between the separated Spanish
forces. Along the south side of Cuba,
especially, no land telegraph could be
maintained. Hence resort was had to
the submarine cable, supplemented by
the heliographic system, while col
umns of smoke were sometimes used
as danger signals.

The approach of the rainy season
modified somewhat the importance of
the heliograph, hence the magnified
value of the submarine cable, and im-
portance of destroying this very val-
uable aid in the conduct of military
operations.

Commander McCalla, commanding
the Marblehead, and senior officer
present, determined to make an effort
to cut the cables, using the ships'
boats in the absence of a regular fitted
cable steamer. Owing to the great
depth of water at this point of the
coast, to grapple for the cables it was
necessary to send the boats close in-
shore in the vicinity of the cable

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bouse. It could not be supposed that
this cutting' of cables would be per-
mitted without resistance on the part
of the Spaniards, and therefore the
small boats were sent in under the
guns of the blockading vessels.

The power necessary to lift a sub-
marine cable, even in six fathoms of
water (36 feet), is very considerable
when the means that can be applied
in a small boat is considered. But
the needed power increases much more
rapidly than that of the depth of wa-
ter. The boats proceeded as near
shore as was deemed prudent, and
finally caught the cable in thirteen
fathoms (78 ft.). Under a hot musk-
etry fire from the shore, amid the roar
and din of the ship's fire over their
heads, the brave officers and men
worked with coolness and with a will
to accomplish their daring purpose.
For an hour and a half the work went
on until the cables that bad been
caught, three in number, were severed
and the boats returned to their ves-
sels with the loss of two killed and
three wounded, including Lieutenant
Cameron Winslow, the senior officer
in charge of the boats.

Subsequent events proved that all
the cables were not cut, but the won-
der is that under such circumstances,
any could be, with the means at hand.
It was American daring that overcame
the difficulties.

The appearance of the Spanish bat-
tle fleet in the vicinity of the Island of
Martinique, and later on at the Island
of Curacao, indicated that the vessels
wouH head for either Santiago or
Cienfuegos, or by a detour attempt to
reach Havana.

Any approach toward the southern
coast of Cuba by this force, in the ab-
sence of an equal one to meet it and
give battle, would necessarily cause
the force blockading Cienfuegos to
withdraw, it being wholly inadequate.
Hence the orders were issued to the
senior officer off that port to abandon
the blockade and retire to the north-
ern coast or Key West. Compliance
with the order raised the blockade of
the port and the entire south coast
became open to trade.

Admiral Cervera's fleet approaching
from Curacoa entered Cienfuegos har-
bor. Upon Admiral Schley's squad-
ron moving in that direction, the Span-
ish admiral proceeded to Santiago de
Cuba, before which place the Ameri-
can Squadron appeared in a few days;
and being reinforced quickly by Ad-
miral Sampson with his Flagship New
York and the battleship Oregon, the
fate of Cervera's fleet was sealed. This
accomplished, there remained no Span-
ish vessels on the high seas or around
the rest of Cuba, capable of any seri-
ous offensive work. A few armed
merchantmen, a swarm of small gun-
boats (from 500 to 50 tons displace-
ment), which later constituted 1 a kind
of coast guard, was all that remained
around the island of Cuba. And, too,
these vessels were seeking or had
sought refuge from the American
ships.

The close blockade of the northern
ports greatly affected the normal sup-
ply of food and provisions of all kinds,
usually received by the Spanish troops
from Europe. So great was the dan-
ger of capture apparently, foreign mer-
chantmen would not actively engage

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in attempts to run the northern block-
ade. This caused much suffering
among the troops and others in Cuba.

The authorities by employing small
vessels of light draft were able to
bring into the southern ports consid-
erable quantities of food from Mexico
and adjacent Central American coun-
tries. To cut off this the remaining
source of supply President MeKinley
issued a proclamation dated June 27,
1898, placing under blockade all the
Cuban coast between Cape Frances on
the west and Cape Cruz on the east.
With the fleet guarding Santiago and
having seized Guantanamo as a naval
base, all ports would be closed to the
enemy's vessels or those wishing to
bring in provisions.

A glance at the map of Cuba shows
a peculiar conformation of its south-
ern coast. Beginning at the west-
ward end or Cape San Antonio, the
coast line runs nearly east and west
for a distance of about forty miles
with a bold coast without any outlying
dangers to Cape Frances. Thence
trends in a northwesterly direction to
Batabano; thence east to Santa Cruz
del Sud; southeast to Manzanillo, then
south to Cape Cruz, thus forming a
great bight or recess in the coast line
drawn from Cape Frances to Cape
Cruz. East of Cape Cruz to Cape
Maysi the line is almost east and west
very bold, rugged and free from outly-
ing dangers. The great bight is dot-
ted with keys and shallow banks, and
as it has never been thoroughly sur-
veyed, navigation of its waters is con-
fined to vessels of light draft, except
in the vicinity of Cienfuegos, and tnen
only with pilots.

Situated within this bight were the
following places of importance, and
held by the Spanish forces, beginning
at the western end: Batabano, Cien-
fuegos, Casilda (the seaport of Trini-
dad), Tumas, Jncaro (the southern
terminus of the eastern Trocha) Santa
Cruz del Sud, and Manzanillo.

The first two had rail communica-
tion with Havana, the last named was
very important military post in East-
ern Cuba, with a strong garrison. All
were difficult of approach, and capable
of perfect defence. From a military
point of view Cienfuegos and Manzan-
illo were the most important. Along
the coast separated by a few miles, es-
pecially at the mouths of rivers, were
block houses (circulars or square
about thirty to forty feet in diameter),
erected by the Spanish military au-
thorities, and garrisoned by from
twenty to fifty soldiers.

The object of these fortifications for
such they were, was to prevent the
landing of provisions and arms for the
Cubans, and as a means of communi-
cation by heliograph. A line of simi-
lar structures stretched across the
island from north to south at the two
main trochas, the Mariel-Batabano and
Moron-Jucaro. They were built of
adobe, with thick walls and a lookout
or observatory cupola. They were
capable of stout defence unless at-
tacked by cannon. Here and there
along the coast the Cubans retained
control of small stretches of the coast
line, where it was> difficult for the
Spanish forces to operate; but these
sections were comparatively small in
extent.

Upon the outbreak of hostilities be-

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tween the United States and Spain,
there was concentration of Spanish
forces, and consequent abandonment
by them of some minor posts, which
were promptly seized by the Cubans.
Immediately upon the issuance of the
president's proclamation, Admiral
Sampson dispatched as many of his
auxiliary vessels as could be spared
to Manzanillo and Cienfuegos. Before
this, under international usage, some
of this fleet had been cruising in the
vicinity of Cape Cruz to capture any
Spanish vessels trading in the West
Indies, and endeavoring to reach Man-
zanillo, but with little success. At
the same time these vessels left San-
tiago, one or two auxiliaries were de-
tached from the northern blockade
and sent to guard the region of the
Isle of Pines, south of Batabano.
It was well known that several Span,
ish gunboats and probably quite a
number of merchant steamers were
lying in or moving near Manzanillo.
As the troops could not be moved
along the south coast, except by wa-
ter, owing to the swampy character
of the land and probable attack from
the Cubans, Manzanillo was a kind of
distributing port, east and west.

The steamer Purissima Concepcion
had been particularly active in bring-
ing provisions, etc., from Jamaica to
the Spanish forces, and she was known
to be somewhere near the city. On
the 30th of June, the small auxiliary
vessels, Hist, Hornet and Wampa-
tuck, proceeded from Cape Cruz by
the south pass to Manzanillo, distant
about sixty miles. Through the helio-
graph the authorities were notified as
they proceeded. Upon arrival off

Manzanillo, they entered the harbor
by Southern channel. The force met
much more resistance than was an-
ticipated, by gunboats, shore batteries
and infantry. After a sharp engage-
ment of about half an hour, the Amer-
ican vessels were compelled to retire,
the Harnet in a disabled condition
owing to her steam-pipe being cut by
an enemy's shot.

On the next day, July 1, 1898, two
more auxiliary vessels, the Scorpion
and Osceola, arrived in the vicinity of
Manzanillo from Santiago, having
passed through outlying keys by the
Cantro-Reales channel to guard the
northern entrance to the town. Lieu-
tenant-Commander Marix of the Scor-
pion had expected to find the three
vessels engaged the previous day, but
they had retired the same way they
came, and were not encountered.
Lieutenant-Commander Marix, in Scor-
pion, accompanied by the Osceola,
Lieutenant Purcell, entered the harbor
by a new channel between the keys
fronting the town, but were compelled
to retire after a brisk engagement of
half an hour. All the vessels in the
engagements were converted auxili-
aries, small in size, with only second-
ary batteries, except the Scorpion,
which carried five rapid-fire guns. Had
the two forces been combined, as was
intended, some success probably would
have resulted. As it occurred, nothing
was accomplished, and the Spanish
much encouraged and made over-con-
fident. The Hornet went to Guantan-
amo for repairs and the other vessels
resumed their blockading stations and
effectively closed the port of Manzan-
illo for entry or exit.

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While the operations referred to
were going on aronnd Manzanillo, the
auxiliary oruisers, Yankee, Dixie,
and Yankton, and gun bout Helena
were closely blockading Oienfuegos
and Casilda, the seaport of Trinidad.
But, apart from shelling some block-
houses along the coast between these
two places, nothing of importance oc-
curred. Upon the appearance of the
converted cruiser, Yankee, off Oien-
fuegos, the Spanish gunboat Gallicia
came out and approached the former,
mistaking her for a merchant steamer.
The Yankee turned, as though to run
away to draw the Spaniard far enough
away from the entrance to the har-
bor to insure her capture, but turned
again too soon and fired, which caused
the hasty retreat into the harbor of
the Gallicia. The Yankee had practi-
cally an untrained crew, and the es-
cape of the Spaniards is to be attrib-
uted to the poor gun-practice of the
green crew, for the Gallicia was within
range, and the Yankee carried a 5-inch
battery.

The region of the Isle of Pines had
been extensively used by the Spanish
authorities to run in supplies from
Mexico and adjacent Central Ameri-
can ports to Batabano, thence by rail
to Havana Province. The small auxil-
iary cruiser, Eagle, Lieut. Souther-
land, was very active in the vicinity,
and soon caused at least a partial sus-
pension of this traffic. But, alone, it
was not possible to completely cut
it off. From Jamaica small steamers
were entering the many channels be-
tween the keys, and reaching Jucaro,
Santa Cruz and Tunas, but up to the
middle of July the class of vessels

employed were neither drafted for in-
side work along the coast nor suffi-
cient in number. However, on July
8th, the Hist and Wampatuck entered
through Cantre Roads channel, locat-
ed and cut the submarine cable be-
tween Santa Cruz and Manzanillo.

The Wilmington had proceeded from
Key West to Santiago as a convoying
vessel for a detachment of the army.
The troops were landed at Siboney,
and the vessel then proceeded to
Guantanamo for coal, returning to the
vicinity of the flagship July 14th.
Commander Todd was sent for by the
Commander-in-Chief, directed to pro-
ceed to Manzanillo and blockade that
port and those to the westward of it.
He was informed the Helena and Hist
would follow within a day or two, and
also the revenue cutter Manning, la-
ter. At that time the Detroit and
Yankton were blockading Cienfuegos;
the Scorpion, Osceola, Hornet and
Wampatuck in Manzanillo and Cape
Cruz waters. In a general discussion
of the situation, Commander Todd ex-
pressed to Admiral Sampson his opin-
ion that the most effective wny to stop
the traffic of the enemy was to destroy
his shipping wherever found, begin-
ning with Manzanillo, and then pro-
ceed to the westward to the other
ports. While no written instructions
were given as to the execution of the
plan, a tacit approval was given to it,
with verbal instructions not to engage
land forts or batteries, nor expose the
light vessels unnecessarily.

The Wilmington reached Cap* 1 Cruz
July 15th and communicated with the
Wampatuck, blockading the entrance
to Manzanillo, and from her it was

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learned the Scorpion, Osceola and Hor-
net were in the vicinity of Gnayabal,
an anchorage twenty miles west of
Manzanillo, and covering the northern
channel of that port. The command-
ing officer of the Wampatuck was in-
structed, upon the arrival of the Hel-
ena and Hist off Cape Cruz, to proceed
with them and join the Wilmington
at Cantre Roads channel.

The Wilmington anchored inside
Cantre Roads the evening of July 14th.

On the 16th she proceeded off Santa
Cruz, fifteen miles to the north to re-
connoitre. Overhauling a fishing boat,
the location of the cable west of the
town was ascertained. Proceeding to
that point the cable was grappled for,
caught and cut. The vessel then re-
turned to the anchorage at Cantre
Roads, the Helena, Hist and Hornet
being sighted in the offing as the an-
chorage was approached near sun&et.
The morning of the 17th the three
vessels entered through the channel,
and, in company with the Wilming-
ton, shaped a course for Gnayabal, ar-
riving there at 2 p. m., and where
were found the Scorpion, Osceola and
Hornet. The commanding officers of
the several vessels were summoned on
board the Wilmington. Prom sketches
made by some, based upon previous
observations, and upon the recollec-
tion of others, a general sketch was
made showing the location of the
shipping, the size, number and arma-
ment; also the location of the forts;
aDd from the commandant of Guav
abal (a Cuban) was learned the num-
ber and size of the guns in these forts,
together with the number of army
field!-piece8 around the city. This

completed, Commander Todd formu-
lated his plan of action, explaining
the details to the assembled officers.
The vessels were ordered stripped for
hot action, boats hoisted out and all
preparations made before dark, the
squadron to get under way at 3 o'clock
the following morning.

The approach to Manzanillo from
the westward is through a narrow
channel, twelve miles from the city,
through which even the local vessels
will not pass, except by daylight.
Quay abal being distant twenty miles.
In order to reach this narrow pass at
daylight, 4:30, the squadron moved as
ordered at 3 a. m., the 18th, reached
the pass at 4:30 a. m., passed through
and steamed at full speed for Man-
zanillo. One object of the early start
was to reach the destination as soon
as possible, taking what benefit would
accrue from surprise.

The general character of Manzan-
illo harbor is that of a crescent, with
crown to the eastward, a long string
of keys distant about one and one-
half miles, fronting the anchorage,
forming the western enclosing side.
The channel between the wharves and
keys is not very wide, but deep, and
as the charts furnished' were not re-
liable, great care had to be exercised
in handling such vessels as the Wil-
mington and Helena, owing to their
length. Three large transports and
the "Ponton" guardship were known
to be at or near the northern entrance ;
the gunboats were likely to be found
strung out along the harbor front,
close inshore. The estimate proved to
be correct.

Upon arrival of the force in front

of the keys opposite the city, the in-
structions were for the Wilmington
and Helena to enter by the northern
channel, their guns to be turned first
on the transports and guardship, and
the Scorpion, particularly, with her
5-inch guns, to keep down any fire
that might develop from anknown
shore-batteries. The Hist, Hornet and
Wampatuck were to enter by the
southern channel, engage the gunboats
found nearby and to prevent any es-
caping. Deliberation of fire was in-
sisted upon and care taken not to
damage the city, the objective being
the shipping of the enemy, not the
town itself.

As the squadron approached near
enough to observe, large numbers of
schooners were seen poling and pad-
dling from the city front to, in and
above the mouth of the Yara river,
the north boundary of the town. As
they were but small trading schoon-
ers, no attention was paid to their
movements. At 7:15 a. m., the squad-
ron, in double column, with the Wil-
mington and Helena leading, arrived
off the middle of the keys fronting
the city. Signal was made to "take
stations,'' whereupon the Wilmington
and Helena turned at half-speed to the
northward, the Scorpion and Osceola
kept on at slow speed, the Hist, Hor-
net and Wampatuck proceeded at full
speed to the southern entrance, these
three having some two miles further
to go to reach their stations. All ves-
sels were directed to shell the keys
as they closed in, to develop any
masked guns located thereon, which
was probable. The whistling and cut-
ting through the light growth of the

six-pounders' shells could be plainly
heard as the vessels advanced. The
result was, two parties who had been
secreted among the trees, and, un-
doubtedly, with light guns in place,
were observed to hastily decamp and
pull for the city. At 7:40 the vessels
entered the harbor, and at 7:50 the
Wilmington opened fire on the trans-
ports, followed immediately by the
other ships strictly as directed. The
enemy returned the fire from the "Pon-
ton" and six gunboats, and were
joined in resisting by Fort Zaragoza
and a circular fort back of the city,
but the fire of the fort was ineffec-
tive, as they were at too long a range
at this time. In a half hour all three
of the transports were burning. The
Helena's gun-fire had, by signal, been
divided between the "Ponton" and the
Cuba-Espanola, observed to be lying
a short distance from her. As soon
as the transports were fairly burn-
ing, the Wilmington joined her gun-
fire with that of the Helena, and soon
the Cuba-Espanola was riddled and
the "Ponton" burning. The Helena's
gun-fire was now turned to the small-
er vessels, again at the Spanish gun-
boats stretched along the shore. The
fire from the middle and southern end
of the line had begun to tell; one gun-
boat had been sunk, another was burn-
ing, the remaining three in sight were
hugging the shore to escape the con-
centrating, deadly fire.

Gradually all the vessels closed in
on them, and by 10:20 a, m. the re-
maining three were driven ashore,
abandoned, one burning, one sunk and
the last partially submerged on the
beach. As the vessels closed in on

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the enemy the batter redoubled its
fire from the forts, and field guns
that had been placed as near aa pos-
sible to the water front, and by 10 a.
m. our vessels were beginning to ob-
serve the shell from their guns fall-
ing close around them. A close watch,
however, was kept to avoid going near
anything having the appearance of a
range buoy, flag or stake, which the
Spaniards invariably used to regulate
their range.

The last remaining gunboat of the
enemy being completely destroyed and
ashore, the fire from the shore bat-
teries becoming hotter, the object of
the attack having been attained, the
Wilmington signaled at 10:20 to re-
tire, and the entire force returned by
the ways they had entered, meeting
outside the keys and anchoring for
the day, wholly uninjured and with-
out a casualty. The result of the op-
eration was, complete destruction of
the transports (by shell and fire) "Pur-
issima Conception," "La Gloria," "Jose
Garcia;" the "Ponton," the "Maria;"
the gunboats "Guantanamo," "Cuba-
Espanola," "Guardian," "Pare jo Pel-
gado," "Estrella" and "Centinella."

The revenue cutter Manning joined
the squadron at 1 p. m.

After receiving the verbal reports
from the various commanding officers,
Commander Todd prepared his report
of the engagement and decided to
send the Wampatuck to Santiago,
carrying dispatches to Admiral Samp-
son. The Hornet was directed to pro-
ceed to Cape Cruz and maintain the
blockade at that point. The most di-
rect route for both of these vessels
was by the south pass, a little north

of the cape proper. But as the chan-
nel was intricate, a pilot would be
needed. The distance was ninety
miles, and as daylight was required
to pass so close to the enemy's coast,
a delay was necessary until the next
morning, in order to make an earlj
start. The Hist, having a pilot, was
directed to accompany the Wampa-
tuck and Hornet, rejoining the force
off Santa Cruz the forenoon of the
20th. The vessels were distributed
over night to guard the three en-
trances — not that there were any ves-
sels to come out, but to prevent any
attempting to run in.

In the forenoon of the 19th instant,
the Hist, Hornet and Wampatuck
having started south, the remaining
vessels proceeded to Guyabal, and
took on board boats, etc., that had
been left there. On the following
morning the Wilmington, Helena,
Manning, Scorpion and Osceola got
under way, heading for Santa Cruz del
Sud, an important point twenty miles
to the westward. Upon nearing the
town, the Hist rejoined them, having
entered by way of Cantro-Reales
channel. There had been a force of
350 Spanish troops stationed at this
point, and considerable shipping was
reported as making the place a head-
quarters traveling east and west with
supplies and troops. Not even a fish-
ing boat was visible as the squadron
approached, and the only sign of life
was a party of some twenty soldiers
hastily qnitting a blockhouse and dis-
appearing back among the trees. A
hospital, with the Red Cross flag fly-
ing over it, showing wounded to be
there, was observed near the center

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of the place. The ships advanced in
column, and using only six-pounders,
circled twice in front of the wharves,
the fire by signal being directed at
the blockhouse on the right and the
barracks on the left of the town. Ex-
cept as gun-practice nothing was ac-
complished by this demonstration, but
temporary evacuation was evident,
there being no return of our fire or sign
of life anywhere, the garrison and ship-
ping apparently having heard of the
approach of the squadron force. The
Scorpion and Osceola were ordered
back to Quayabal. Proceeding at noon
to the westward, winding its way
through the multitude of keys, prog-
ress was made toward Jucaro, the
next important point, the squadron
anchoring in Gitana pass near sunset.

Jucaro is the southern terminus of
the Noron-Jucaro trocha, the most im-
portant one in Cuba. The termini
were connected by rail, with block-
houses every mile, the intervening
spaces being filled by abattis of felled
trees, barbed wire and earthworks.
It was very formidable to the Cubans,
who had only small arms. The garri-
sons along the line were largely pro-
visioned by rail from the southern
terminus, Jucaro. The approach was
very shoal, both from the east and
west, being protected to the south-
ward by a string of keys. The sub-
marine cable was believed to be lo-
cated in the western channel or en-
trance. Upon the arrival of the
squadron off the western entrance,
the Wilmington proceeded 1 towards
the town to reconnoitre; the others
were directed to drag for the cable.
The only thing visible in the way of

shipping was a sunken schooner of
about 40 tons. The distance of the
Wilmington was about two miles from
the wharves. Had there been any
shipping at anchor, or moored at the
wharves, it could have been destroyed.
The only signs of fortification was a
series of blockhouses surrounding the
town. No ammunition was wasted on
these blockhouses and there being no
shipping to destroy, the Wilmington
rejoined the other vessels, sent out her
boats, and was fortunate enough to
soon grapple the sought-for cable.

It was raised by the Wilmington's
launch, and the ends dragged away by
the Hist. It was learned that after-
noon the inhabitants except a few sol-
diers had deserted the town fearing a
bombardment, word having been re-
ceived by heliograph signal from Mau-
zanillo of the destruction at that
place.

The squadron proceeded west to-
ward Tunas, forty miles distant, but
anchored at sunset, having made only
about half of the distance. At day-
light, 22d, the squadron got under way
and at seven arrived off Tunas, and
except for a blinding rain squall,
which set in when in front of the
town, an attack would have been made
at long range on some vessels observed
in a lagoon one-half mile behind the
town. The narrow difficult channel
without any accurate chart of the har-
bor, rendered this impossible. Hence,
signal was made to proceed, and the
whole force kept on to the supposed
location of the cable between Tunas
and Trinidad. This point was reach-
ed by 10 a. m., and all boats put to
work dragging. The Wilmington's

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boat caught, lifted and cat the cable.
This completed the cable cutting on
the south side, leaving the Spanish
authorities only the heliograph sys-
tem to depend upon, and as the rainy
season bad set in that was not of great
value.

The Manning was now sent to Oien-
fuegos with mail and to communicate
with Commodore Schley, who was
supposed to be off that port on his
flagship Brooklyn. Thence, she was
to ret urn off Cape Cruz for blockade
duty. Returning toward Tunas the
Helena was anchored to the west-
ward, the Wilmington and Hist, east
of the town, distant about two and
one-half miles. As the vessels re-
turned off the town hundreds of peo-
ple were seen to be camping out on
the beach east of the anchorage, evi-
dently anticipating a bombardment.
The lack of a good chart, as the dan-
ger of attempting to maneuver two
vessels like the Helena and Wilming
ton under the circumstances caused
Commander Todd to forego the pro-
posed- attack for the present.

The Helena was directed to remain
watching the port, while the Wilming-
ton and Hist got underway after dark,
and headed toward Jucaro. Ap-
proaching the town, smoke was seen
to the eastward.

The Hist was sent ahead by a round-
about pass to get behind it, while the
Wilmington proceeded slowly and en-
tered Jucaro anchorage to head off any
attempt of escape, shonld the smoke
turn out to be a steamer's smoke.
The smoke disappeared after awhile
and the two vessels wound their way
through the keys toward Santa Cruz,

anchoring at sunset. On the 24th, the
Hist was Rent to Oantro-Reales,
anchoring -for any instruction that
might have been sent there, while
the Wilmington appeared off San-
ta Cruz and threw a few six-
pounder shells into the blockhouse
and barracks, they proceeded to Can-
tro-Reales anchorage.

Commander Todd had asked instruc-
tions of the commander-in-chief wheth-
er to make a further attack or demon
stration against Manzanillo in con-
junction with a military force; for reli-
able information had been received
that the Spaniards would offer but a
feeble resistance. Such a movement
would, of course, require a concent r a
tion of the blockading force. Oantro-
Reales' channel had been designated
as the rendezvous, and the several ves-
sels instructed to move promptly
when word was received to proceed to
that point.

Instructions not being received as
early as expected, Commander Todd
was of the opinion the delay was due
to awaiting the military force, and
proceeded to concentrate the vessels,
sending the Osceola to inform the He-
lena to proceed to Cantro-Reales,
while the Hist was sent on to Santia-
go with dispatches to the commander-
in-chief, with orders to return at once
informing the vessels at Cape Cruz to
come to the rendezvous. On the 27th
of July orders were received by Com-
mander Todd to proceed to Cienfuegoa
with the Helena, Manning, Tankton,
Hornet, and Wampatuck. The com-
mander-in-chief being of the opinion
the eastern end of the blockade, by
reasons of recent operations, could

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sufficiently be looked after by the
Scorpion, Osceola, and Hist. Hie
bearer of dispatches, the torpedo boat
Dupont, met the Helena and Osceola
returning to Oantro-Beales, informed
Commander Swinburn of the change of
orders and that vessel (Helena) turned
back to Oienfuegos, on the 26th, where
she was joined by the Wilmington on
July 28th. The Yankton and Man-
ning joined off Cienfuegos July 31st.

The Bancroft and Maple had been
added to the auxiliary Eagle in the
vicinity of the Isle of Pines, but aside
from the capture of Borne small
schooners, nothing of importance oc-
curred until July 24th, when the large
Spanish steamer Santo Domingo was
sighted by the Eagle, and when chased,
ran for the entrance north of Cape
Frances. The captain mistook the
channel in his excitement, and the ves-
sel grounded heavily, her crew aban-
doning her. The Eagle boarded, set
on fire and destroyed the Santo Do-
mingo, which was heavily armed for a
merchantman.

The three vessels above mentioned
continued to closely blockade these
waters, and as soon as the Yankton
and Manning arrived off Cienfuegos,
the Helena was sent over there to

look after the end of the Cienfuegos,
Batabano blockade, and gather such
information as could be had, with the
object of shortly proceeding up to
Batabano and destroying the Spanish
shipping from there. Nothing of in-
terest occurred off Cienfuegos. Owing
to a lack of coal within three hundred
miles, some few days were occupied
in filling the several vessels at Key
West. This being done, Commander
Todd arranged to attack Batabano
with the >Wilmington, Helena, Hornet,
Eagle, the last three being at the Isle
of Pines, the Wilmington at Cienfue-
gos. After dark of the 13th of Au-
gst, the Wilmington was to have left
for the Isle of Pines, there to be joined
by the Helena, Hornet and Eagle, and
the attack he made the following day.
But at 10:30 a. in., a flag of truce from
ashore brought a telegram from Com-
modore Eemey at Key West inform-
ing Commander Todd that a suspen-
sion of hostilities had been proclaimed
by the president.

On the 15th of August, official no*
tice was received that the blockade
had been raised, thus closing all ef-
forts in this line on the south coast of
Cuba.

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Lost Island.

Bp Mrs. Jtnnit C. Morton,

"What seek ye to-day,
As ye Bail far away?
Do ye head for the East or the West?"
"We sail for a spot
By the rich world forgot,
It Is called the fair haven of rest."

So they floated out far,

'Neath the glimmer of star.
And the beams of a glorious moon;

Over sea waves so calm,

By the sky-reaching palm,
By flowery Isles In sweet June.

Where Islands, like clouds
Seemed to float in white shrouds,

And dissolved in the mist of the Bea.
By lands that were fair,
And by climes that were rare;

But sorrow had marked every lea.

So they sought out the grot,

By the rich world forgot.
Where mountains did toss back the sea.

And they said, "Here is health,

Here is pleasure and wealth,
Here is rest for the weary, care free."

So they praised the wild spot,

By the rich world forgot.
And they anchored their beautiful ships,

Where the moonlight in drifts,

Fell white o'er the cliffs,
And the sea waves comes leeward In dips.

No danger was there,

In this paradise fair,
Where mount, sea and land did combine,

To give It a grace.

That none other place,
Could possess; it was simply divine.

Ah. here, they could rest,

Where earth at her best,
Could give them a change from world-care.

So they sailed round the spot

In their beautiful yacht.
And slept in its bowers so fair.

With riches so great.

Each had an estate,
That shared, would have given release.

To those weary for rest,

Because bo distressed,
By world-woes without a surcease.

But these mariners gay,

Were out seeking to-day,
For rest from old pleasures world-known,

Something new, life must give,

Else they could not live.
Where the sun on all others shone.

Alike, as on them,

They must steer or must stem
For skies that were different somewhere.

And the sea-cradled spot,

With its sun-dappled grot.
Was the place In the wide-world so rare.

They recked not of storms,
In the midst of such charms,

The illusion was sweet to the soul.
This isle had the gleams
Of the emerald's beams,

This gem of the sea was their goal.

No heed to the clouds,

And sea-waves in shrouds,
Or storm that was rocking the isle.

They danced and they sang,

While the dread thunder rang,
Nor heard they Its warning the while.

Like foam-crested spray,

Their yachts blew away.
There was no arm or anchor to save.

The sea with mad lash.

Drove the waves to a dash
O'er this Isle, but a flower-wreathed cave.

From the ships passing by,

May be seen the low sky,
Where the Isle went down In the deep

With its revellers gay,

Who sailed far away,
And who In its caverns now sleep.

"What seek ye to-day,
As ye sail far away?
Do ye head for the East or the West?"
"We sail for a spot.
By the rich world forgot,
It is called the fair haven of rest"

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THEODORE OHARA

Fmom Qko W. IUnck's "Bivoi ac « r thr Dbao."

Google

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
of the

LIFE AND WRITINGS
of

Theodore, O'Hara,

author of

The Bivouac of the Dead.

By Mrs. Jennie C. Morten.

Theodore O'Hara.

By Mrs. JtnnU C. Morton.

Like the roll of a great golden-
strung harp i» the poetry of O'Hara.
Strong, deep, brave, pathetic and ten-
der is the wonderful strain, stirring
and thrilling, yet with requiem note
so touching and enthralling in its
pathos the whirling, busy world has
paused to listen to its strange music,
with glistening eyes and subdued
heart. America, from ocean to ocean,
has published his "Bivouac of the
Dead," and couplets and quatrains
from it adorn many of the most fa-
mous monuments of our country and
Europe.

Theodore O'Hara was born in the
cultured little town of Danville, Ky.,
February 11, 1820. His father, Kean
O'Hara, was a distinguished teacher,
who was born and reared in Ireland.
He came to this country with his fa-
ther and two brothers, Charles and
James O'Hara, about the close of
1798 — all of them refugees from per-
secution. He settled in Kentucky and
established himself as a teacher, first
at Danville. Theodore's education
was conducted by his father until he
was ready to enter college. He was
very bright and studious, it is said,
and when quite young entered St. Jo-
seph's College at Bardstown, Ky., and
finished there with the highest hon-

ors of his class. It is said even
in his boyish compositions he
evinced the poetic talent that la-
ter on immortalized him. Though
educated for a lawyer, the dullness
of the legal profession repelled him,
and he sought journalism as best
suited to his temperament of romance,
poetry and adventure. At an early
age he came to Frankfort to live,
where his father pursued his profes-
sion as a teacher for years. Here the
embryo poet found in nature food for
his soaring, singing spirit. The beau-
tiful hills, the flower-embroidered
dales, the bold, barbaric cliffs, the
wild, dashing river, all had voices and
messages for him. And in this con-
genial atmosphere he began to touch
the heart-chords of that harp of Erin,
which was to give to the world in
tune and in time "The Bivouac of the
Dead," one of the few grand military
poems of the world, and the noblest
martial elegy in any language.

The paternal ancestors of Theodore
O'Hara were among the Irish gentry
and rebels. His maternal ancestors
emigrated to Maryland with Lord Bal.
timore, to escape the hardships im-
posed upon them in their unhappy
isle. From Ireland, Kean O'Hara
brought little with him of estate, but

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through his labors as a successful
teacher he accumulated quite a large
property in lots in Frankfort and land
in the county of Franklin. He had
a beautiful estate of several hundred
acres a few miles northeast of the
city, -where he spent the latter part
of his life, and of which he writes
very particularly in his will, which
the writer has read, and she has seen
the home-place also. He died Decem-
ber 22, 1851, aged 83 years. It is in
the picturesque region of the famous
Elkhorn, and here, in this lovely agri-
cultural district, a replica of the splen-
did scenery of the Kentucky framing
it, with wide sweeps of pasture land
between the hills, Theodore O'Hara
spent much of his early manhood,
while engaged in business in the city.
Though not rich, he was never sub-
jected! to the grinding hardships, pov-
erty and neglect of unfriended genius.
His gifted' mind and convivial spirit
were free to choose congenial voca-
tions, and among the creme de la creme
of the society of the Capital he select-
ed his friends and associates.

When a mere lad he had the unusu-
al advantage and delight of a visit
with his father abroad, and being the
household idol for his genius and pro-
ficiency, he was made "the star of
many a goodly corapanie" in Ireland.
He recited with thrilling effect the
popular martial poems of the day, and
was a born elocutionist as well as a
born poet. His kindred in old Ireland
were very proud of him. In Ken-
tucky, the most talented and noted
men of his day were his schoolmates,
and companions afterwards. He was
very handsome; in height not quite

six feet, but slender, with the erect,
military bearing that gave one the
impression he was taller than his
height. His hair was dark brown and
curled slightly; his complexion, fair,
with clear-cut features, and his face
illumined with brilliant eyes of that
rare quality that the color varies from
deep, dark blue, in some lights or
shades of expression, to darkest hazel
or brown in others. He was very fas-
cinating in conversation, magnetic and
winning in manner.

About 1840, we read, the Kentucky
Yeoman, a Democratic newspaper, was
founded in Frankfort. Some of the
brightest editorials of that time he
wrote for this staunch advocate of the
rights of the people, and for a while
was its editor. It must be borne in
mind that he came of distinguished
Irish parentage, and his blood was
purpled with indignation against
wrong and oppression suffered long
by his ancestry in Ireland under the
iron rule of Great Britain. Hence,
like a match, his chivalric spirit ig-
nited at the touch of wrong and in-
justice, and his pen wrote in flame the
scorn he felt for those who practiced
the policy of either in governmental
affairs. The Tocsin or Democratic
Rally, of which he was editor in 1844,
blazed' with his Scythian scorn and
smiled between times with his humor-
ous sarcasm and incisive Irish wit.
He was sought by one journal after
another, and given offices and honors
where he would accept them. When
the Mexican War came on, it found
him writing in the Treasury Depart-
ment in Washington. In 1846 he en-
listed as a volunteer soldier in the

Digitized by Google

Mexican War, and, we read, was
bre vetted a major for gallantry on the
field of Obepultepec while serving up-
on the staff of General Franklin
Pierce, afterwards president of the
United States. It may not be amiss
to copy from Collins' History of Ken-
tucky his subsequent career as a cav-
alry officer of the United 1 States, which
be resigned to enter the service of the
great Tehauntepec Railroad Company
and was sent to the City of Mexico
to procure government aid in behalf
of that enterprise. It was about this
time — 1847 — when he wrote the "Biv-
ouac of the Dead" for the occasion
of the interment at Frankfort of the
dead who fell in Mexico (now in the
State military lot in the cemetery).
He came to Frankfort to visit his
family and friends. He visited tne
graves of Daniel and Rebecca Boone,
and there wrote much of his noble
poem, "The Old Pioneer, Daniel
Boone."

He had been offered, while in Mex-
ico a colonel's commission by Nar-
cisso Lopez, in his Cuban expedition,
and in the interim of his visit to
Frankfort was considering the daring
cause of the Cuban liberator. It ap-
pealed to his romantic sentiment and
chivalrous courage, and though en-
treated not to accept it by sober, law-
abiding and intelligent friends, he
could not resist the charm of the dan-
ger and the allurement of the bril-
liant adventure. So he waved a fare-
well to his friends, kissed his hand in
adieu to his native hills — his home
" 'Mid banks and braes of bonny Elk
horn" — and rode away like the dash-
ing cavalier of olden times, to keep
his word with Lopez.

(From Collins' History) : "Joining the
first expedition, in 1851, he command-
ed a regiment at the battle of Car-
denas, where his troops pressed for-
ward and captured the Governor's pal-
ace, although their commander was
severely wounded and compelled to re-
turn to the United States. Before he
had entirely recovered from the effect
of his wounds, Lopez, his unfortunate
companion in arms, had organized a
second expedition, in which he was
captured 1 and garroted."

Before this disastrous news reached
him, the following translated supple-
ment to the Prensa, a Spanish news-
paper published in Havana, was re-
ceived :

"Havana, Aug. 16, Saturday night,
midnight. — Anxiety of the Govern-
ment about the troops. No news from
General Lopez. The latest accounts.
The greatest anxiety is felt here by the
Government, as no news has been re-
ceived from General Enna of later
date than the night before last. The
steamer for one of the ferry boats
has been sent down to see what the
matter is, and one hour since an en-
gine was sent express to Guanajay,
the western terminus of our railroad,
to bring news either good or bad.
Nothing had been heard from the
troops that left Pinar del Rio to at-
tack Lopez, and it is feared they have
gone over to him. His forces are
momentarily increasing, while the
fact that nothing being received here
by land leads to the supposition that
the country has all turned in his fa-
vor. Should Lopez soon receive rein-
forcements, with arms to distribute
to the crowds that go to him, General
Enna must either surrender or retreat

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by sea. In either case, Lopez's march
to Havana will be uninterrupted.
Yon can imagine the hopes and fears
that agitate the city. I send you the
supplement to the Prensa, which is
worth translating."

Another bulletin: "The revolution
goes gloriously on. In the East and
the West the patriots are everywhere
triumphant. The people join them in
crowds, and the year 1851 will see the
close of the Spanish rule in Ouba.

"CUBANO."

It was such news as this that excit-
ed Theodore O'Hara almost to frenzy.
That he was wounded and unable to
assist longer in this seemingly tri-
umphant overthrow of oppression in
Cuba was a source of deepest pain.
He had borne his part gallantly in
opening the ill-fated war, and he
chafed under the restraint of his herp-
less condition. He could not rush
with troops just now as at Cardenas,
and reinforce a broken column, or
give inspiration by his splendid pres-
ence and courage to a cause of doubt-
ful justice. He knew the island, and
had come to know somewhat the
treachery and ferocity of the people
the Lopez men were arrayed against.
And, naturally, he was elated to read
the deceptive news concerning his
brave comrades (even then being led
into ambush, betrayed and captured).
He was unprepared, therefore, to hear
the dreadful sequel of this Utopian
war, and possibly recognize in his
wounds a merciful providence that
withdrew him from the fate of his
friends and companions, many of
them the flower of the yeomanry of
Mississippi and Kentucky.

Before us is a copy, from the New
York Herald, of the "News from Cu-
ba," which thrilled the world in the
summer of 1851. We give the list of
officers captured:

"The following very interesting de-
tails of the news from Cuba, an un-
satisfactory summary of which we re-
ceived by telegraph on Friday and
Saturday last. The following are the
names of most of the leading men
who are supposed to have landed at
Cubanos from the Pampero (and were
shot): Gen. Narcisso Lopez, the lead-
er of the expedition; Col. J. Pragay,
late of the Hungarian army, second in
command to General Lopez; Col.
Crittenden, late of the United! States
Army and nephew of the Attorney
General of the United States (he has
the immediate command of the artil-
lery); Col. Dollman, of Georgia, who
served through the Mexican War;
Col. Chase; Maj. A. J. Kelly, who
served in the Florida and Mexican
wars, and was once a leading Whig
editor in Louisiana; Capt. W. Scott
Haynes, Capt. A. J. l>ailey, Capt. El-
lis, of the Hungarian Army; Capt.
Victor Kerr, of the Hungarian Army.
The Pampero is commanded by Capt.
Lewis, who directed the Creole so suc-
cessfully in the Cardenas expedition."

These were the brave companions
of Theodore O'Hara, and it was with
feelings of mingled grief, rage and
mortification he read below:

"Havana, Aug. 16, 4i/ 2 P- m. — The
Frightful Execution of Fifty Ameri-
cans in Havana. — Horrible Scenes.^
Insult to the American Flag. — Firing
Into the Steamer Falcon."

We forbear to copy the description

Digitized by Go

given of the inhumanity of this awful
execution. Among the sacrifices to
the Spanish butchers -was the hand-
some Col. Wm. Crittenden, of whom
so much has been written of late
years, and whose last words are so
often quoted: "A Kentucklan kneels
to none but God," in reply to the com
mand to kneel and be shot with the
other victims at Castle Atares.

"Ah! tyrants, forge thy chains at will,

Nay, gall this flesh of mine,
Yet thought is free, unfettered still,

And will not yield to thine.
Take, take the life that Heaven gave

And let my heart s blood stain thy sod,
But know ye not, Kentucky's brave

Will kneel to none but God."

Crittenden and O'Hara were friends,
and the fate of his friend saddened
his life afterward. He was ever on
the side of the unfortunate and ill-
fated. He joined the Walker Expe-
dition to Central America. This
turned out disastrously for him, and he
returned to Alabama, his adopted
State. Later on, he came to Kentucky
and his admiring friends hoped to
keep him in his native State. Again
he was connected with the Frankfort,
Ky., Yeoman as editor. About this
time — 1853-55 — we read in the ante-
bellum newspapers, the two dominant
political parties, Democrats and
Whigs, had become bitter in their
discussions of the issues, and the most
intense partisanship was felt on both
sides resultant from the trend of pub-
lic opinion, North and South. Theo-
dore O'Hara, it is said, became the
Democratic candidate for the Legis-
lature, and Hon. Charles S. Morehead
the Whig candidate. As each man
was the popular idol of his party.

their names commanded a crowded as
semblage wherever they were an-
nounced to speak during the cam-
paign, whether in hall or woodland.
Each created the wildest enthusiasm,
and at every well-rounded period in
debate, the very air was rent with
thunderous applause, and each occa-
sion was an ovation to both speakers.
But the scholarly poet and soldier,
O'Hara, though he charmed "never so
wisely" bis audiences with his cap-
tivating oratory, his melting elo-
quence and his electrical, brilliant
wit, he was no match in political hust-
ings for the suave, talented, experi-
enced master of the art of politics.
Charles S. Morehead; and, though
O'Hara came nearer than any other
man could have done at the time to
a Democratic victory, he was defeated
by a small Whig vote. Morehead was
elected to the Legislature, and at the
following State election was the suc-
cessful candidate for Governor of Ken-
tucky in the new Whig party's name,
the "Know-Nothings." We give this
incident to illustrate the commanding
type of men with whom O'Hara as-
sociated as his peers.

In one of the old Commonwealths of
1853, we read that Theodore O'Hara
resigned his position as editor of the
Kentucky Yeoman, and William Tan-
ner became the editor and proprietor
of the paper in this year (1853). His
love of the beautiful led him to wan-
der around the Frankfort hills and
out among the flowery, cedar-crowned
cliffs of Elkhorn, and here, among the
solitudes of Natnre, prodigal of lux-
uriance in fauna, be caught inspira-
tion from "still, small voices" coming

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from the tripping, silvery wavelets of
the Elkhorn, and the whispering
leaves and branches bending over it
in gunshine and shadow. An adorer
of Nature at all times, his moments
of sweetest happiness were when
kneeling at her shrines. He had the
habit of effacing himself. He wonld
go East, or West, or South, and return
home with the birds and the flowers
in the springtime.

When the Civil War came (1861),
he enlisted in the cause of the South.
He followed its varying fortunes till
the South surrendered under the ap-
ple trees at Appomatox, 1866. Be
was a colonel in the Confederate army
and was beside General Albert Sid-
ney Johnston at Shiloh when he was
mortally wounded, and he received
his dying general in his arms and bore
him off the field.

After the close of this war, he re-
turned to Kentucky for a short visit
to his brothers and sisters and the
friends of his youth. His eventful
career had saddened him. By nature
an optimist and enthusiast, a devoted
lover of the beautiful, a warm-heart-
ed, faithful friend and a magnanimous
foe, he could not pass through such
vicissitudes without feeling the deep
sadness of life. The faded fabrics of
beautiful dreams hung like withered
leaves in the halls of his memory;
broken hopes, like stalks on a field
of brown stubble, stretched behind
him, and though his ambition in many
proud things had been gratified and
crowned, he wore his laurel wreath
of fame much as if it were a thing too
green and gay for his sad brow to
wear.

He was proudly loved by his fam-
ily, and* right royally was be enter-
tained by his friends in his last stay
in Frankfort. Though he had never
married, nor ever seemed more than
friend to the many fair girls who
were flattered by his chivalric atten-
tions, he was always a welcome guest
in their homes. They sang the songs
he loved and wore the green ribbons
and the shamrock for his sake.

He returned South to Georgia to
live, and there, in his adopted home,
he died of a fever incident somewhat
to wounds received in the Civil War.
His lamented death occurred on the
7th of June, 1867.

In 1873, the Legislature of Ken-
tucky, on the 24th of April, by reso-
lution approved, designated Col. The-
odore O'Hara as "the immortal poet
and soldier of the Mexican War," and
directed the Governor to have his re-
mains brought to Kentucky and de-
posited in the State military lot in
the cemetery at Frankfort, and his
grave marked with an appropriate
stone.

This was all Kentucky had to give
him— the melancholy reward of a
grave and a monument — when his no-
ble poem had given her name to the
wide world.

Prom the Tri-Weekly Yeoman, of
Frankfort, July 7, 1874, we have the
following notice:

"The remains of Col. Theodore
O'Hara will arrive this morning on
the 9:15 train fom Louisville, accom-
panied by Gen. Thos. H. Taylor, who
was commissioned by the Governor
to bring his remains from Georgia, in
accordance with a resolution of the

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General Assembly. There will be no
formality or ceremony, and the coffin
will be taken direct to the cemetery
and deposited in the State vault. The
interment of General Fry and Adju-
tant Cardwell was also ordered (by
the Legislature), and all three inter-
ments will take place together with
appropriate ceremonies."

"On the 15th of September (follow-
ing the 7th of July), being the day
set apart by Governor Leslie for the
re-interment of the remains of Gov-
ernors Greenup and Madison, Col. The-
odore O'Hara, Gen. Fry, Major Mason
and Adj. Cardwell, in accordance with
the joint resolution heretofore passed
by the Kentucky Legislature, at an
early hour that morning the streets
began to be thronged with large
crowds of people composed of both
sexes, and all ages, from all parts of
the State, who were drawn together
by a patriotic desire to do honor to
the cherished memory of Kentucky's
noble dead." When the order of the
procession formed to go to the ceme-
tery, the soldiers of the Mexican
War followed the hearses, and num-
bered about thirty, from different
parts of the State. The three regi-
mental standards of the old Second,
Third and Fourth Kentucky Infantry,
were borne by these veterans and
seemed to inspire them with some of
the martial ardor of 1846-47. The
standards of the Third and Fourth
were in tolerable preservation, but
that of the Second, the regiment com-
manded by Clay, McKee and Fry, was
only the bullet-torn and riddled rem-
nant of what it was on the morning

4-H

of Bucna Vista's terrific but glorious
day.

"Next to these Mexican War vet-
erans in the procession were James
and Charles O'Hara, Mrs. Price and
Mrs. Hardie, the brothers and sisters
of Theodore O'Hara."

At tlie cemetery there was a beau-
tiful pavilion, decorated with cedar
and vines, beneath the great trees,
where the speakers and distinguished
persons were assembled after the in-
terment of the bodies, and last of the
burial of the poet. The very sky above
seemed to mourn with the relatives,
friends and great assemblage there.
Dark clouds gathered and hovered
over the spot where his casket was
lowered in the grave, and a low thun-
der was heard, mingling with the sol-
emn dirge, the boom of the minute
gun and the "sad roll of the muffled
drum." His grave was heaped with
beautiful flowers, and the companies
of the State Guard fired the farewell
volleys of musketry, and the grand
and solemn obsequies were ended.
There he lay, buried under the shadow
of the great monument of the State
to its heroic dead that he had immor-
talized, and now added distinction to
the celebrated circle.

"Where Glory guards with solemn round
The bivouac of the dead."

After the burial of the dead, and
before the imposing ceremonies could
be completed, at the pavilion, a terri-
ble rain fell and compelled the audi-
ence to leave the cemetery. The fu-
neral orations were delivered in the
evening, in the city hall, by Colonel
Jacob, of Louisville, and General Wm.

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Preston, of Lexington. Their elegant
tributes on this occasion, are given at
length in the newspapers of that day,
and are too long for our article here.
Major Henry T. Stanton (the poet),
had been selected to close the cere-
monies of the day by reading the
"Bivouac of the Dead." He prefaced
the reading of the poem with the fol-
lowing effective remarks:

"No reader can utter the spirit ex-
isting in the lines of the dead hero,
of whose life and service the distin-
guished gentleman (Preston) has so
fitly spoken. The friends of Theodore
O'Hara may bring tears to his grave,
his associates may bring living flow-
ers, and Kentucky may mark it with

a white stone, but ere long the sod
will be dry, the flowers withered and
the monument crumbled. Not so the
tribute he bore to his comrades. Long-
er than the season of flowers, longer
than monuments bear their inscrip-
tions, will live the poet-soldier's re-
quiem over the ashes of his fallen
comrades. The heart of the poet burst
with the heroism of the soldier, and
in giving utterance to his song, he be-
came at once the builder of his own
monument and the author of his own
epitaph."

The reading of the "Bivouac of the
Dead," which follows here, closed the
eventful day.

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The 'Bivouac of the Dead.

Bj> Theodore O' tiara.

The muffled drums sad roll bas beat

The soldier's last tattoo;
No more on life's parade shall meet

That brave and (alien few;
On Fame's eternal camping ground

Their silent tents are spread.
And Glory guards, with solemn round,

The bivouac of the dead.

No rumor of the foe's advance,

Now swells upon the wind;
No troubled thought at midnight haunts

Of loved ones left behind;
No vision of the morrow's strife,

The warrior's dream alarms;
No braying horn nor screaming fife

At dawn shall call to arms.

Their shivered swords are red with rust,

Their plumed heads are bowed,
Their haughty banner, trailed in dust,

Is now their martial shroud —
And plenteous funeral tears have washed

The red stains from each brow,
And the proud forms, in battle gashed.

Are free from anguish now.

The neighing troop, the flashing blade.

The bugle's stirring blast,
The charge, the dreadful cannonade,

The din and shout are past — •
Nor war's wild note, nor glory's peal,

Shall thrill with fierce delight
Those breasts that never more may feel

The rapture of the fight.

Like the fierce northern hurricane

That sweeps his great plateau,
Flushed with the triumph yet to gain,

Came down the serried foe —
Who heard the thunder of the fray

Break o'er the field beneath,
Knew well the watchword of that day,

Was victory or death.

Full many a mother's breath

O'er Angustura's plain.
And long the pitying sky has wept

Above its mouldered slain;
The raven's scream or eagle's flight,

Or shepherd's pensive lay,
Alone now wake each solemn height.

That frowned o'er that dread fray.

Sons of the dark and bloody ground,

Ye must not slumber there.
Where stranger steps and tongue resound

Along the heedless air;
Your own proud land's heroic soil

Should be your fitter grave;
She claims from war its richest spoil—

The ashes of her brave.

Thus neath their parent turf they rest,

Far from the gory field,
Borne to a Spartan mother's breast

On many a bloody shield.
The sunshine of their native sky

Smiles sadly on them here,
And kindred eyes and hearts watch by

The hero's sepulchre.

Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead.

Dear as the blood ye gave;
No impious footsteps here shall tread

The herbage of your grave;
Nor shall your glory be forgot

While Fame her record keeps.
Or Honor points the hallowed spot

Where Valor proudly sleeps.

Yon marble minstrel's voiceful stone,

In deathless song shall tell.
When many a vanished year bath flown,

The story how ye fell;
Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's blight.

Nor time's remorseless doom.
Can dim one ray of holy light

That gilds your glorious tomb.

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The Old Pioneer.

The first appearance in print of this
beautiful poem, is in the Kentucky
Yeoman for December, 1850. Beneath
the caption is written by the author,
"Written at the grave of Daniel
Boone in the Frankfort Cemetery."

The New Orleans Delta of the same
date of its publication (1850), has the
following announcement: "Col. Theo-
dore O'Hara and other filibusters of
the recent Cuban expedition are in the
city, awaiting their trial for an al-
leged violation of the neutrality act
of Congress.

Col. O'Hara had evidently sent the
poem to the Yeoman from New Or-
leans pending his trial. After his ac-
quittal he returned to Frankfort and
some time was spent while he recov-
ered his strength and health impaired
by his wounds in the battle of Carde-
nas.

It was Tom Marshall, in his exquis-
ite eulogy upon Jouett, the painter,
who said, "No one envies- the praises of
the dead." If envy could be stirred to
madness by the praises of the dead,
surely Daniel Boone, the pioneer, and
Theodore O'Hara, the poet, have in-
voked its fury. And they did not es-
cape its malice in life, nor the keen
sorrow of many inexplicable misrepre-
sentations, but as we know now, were
strangely indifferent to its power.
Being themselves superior to the feel-
ing, they perhaps could not under-
stand it.

O'Hara loved this sylvan song of
the "Old Pioneer." It did not need

nor did it have the revision and cor-
rections of the "Bivouac of the Dead.''
It was a monody of a world-renowned
man, in the primeval forests of his
native State, leading the singular Rob-
inson Crusoe life of banishment to the
worship and enjoyment of nature,
amid difficulties and dangers, and
strange perils by night and by day no
other man known to real life had ever
had.

"And gave her pilgrim's sons a home.
No monarch's step profanes,

Free as the chainless winds that roam
Upon its boundless plains."

This dirge for "The Knight Errant
of the Wood," is not so widely known,
for the reason that it relates to Dan-
iel Boone and Kentucky alone, and
hallows that beautiful and sacrtd spot
in the Frankfort cemetery

"Where erst, alone of all his race.
He knelt to Nature's God."

It is in this sense provincial, relating
to events and scenes that Kentucki-
ans more than any other people in the
world, can appreciate and enjoy.
Hence, in Kentucky it is beloved and
known by those who feel one throb of
patriotism or State pride. By all
lovers of beautiful poetry it is and
will always be admired.

Read it. Since it was written, how
ever, a monumental shaft, sculptured
with scenes from his life

"Was raised above him here.

Carved with bis deathless name —
Though an empire is his sepulchre.
His epitaph is Fame."

THE OLD PIOjtEEK, DANIEL BOONE.
Bj> Theodore O'Hara.